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diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/dev-overlay.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/dev-overlay.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..92513cf7915 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/dev-overlay.xml @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ + <title>Video Overlay Interface</title> + <subtitle>Also known as Framebuffer Overlay or Previewing</subtitle> + + <para>Video overlay devices have the ability to genlock (TV-)video +into the (VGA-)video signal of a graphics card, or to store captured +images directly in video memory of a graphics card, typically with +clipping. This can be considerable more efficient than capturing +images and displaying them by other means. In the old days when only +nuclear power plants needed cooling towers this used to be the only +way to put live video into a window.</para> + + <para>Video overlay devices are accessed through the same character +special files as <link linkend="capture">video capture</link> devices. +Note the default function of a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device +is video capturing. The overlay function is only available after +calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para> + + <para>The driver may support simultaneous overlay and capturing +using the read/write and streaming I/O methods. If so, operation at +the nominal frame rate of the video standard is not guaranteed. Frames +may be directed away from overlay to capture, or one field may be used +for overlay and the other for capture if the capture parameters permit +this.</para> + + <para>Applications should use different file descriptors for +capturing and overlay. This must be supported by all drivers capable +of simultaneous capturing and overlay. Optionally these drivers may +also permit capturing and overlay with a single file descriptor for +compatibility with V4L and earlier versions of V4L2.<footnote> + <para>A common application of two file descriptors is the +XFree86 <link linkend="xvideo">Xv/V4L</link> interface driver and +a V4L2 application. While the X server controls video overlay, the +application can take advantage of memory mapping and DMA.</para> + <para>In the opinion of the designers of this API, no driver +writer taking the efforts to support simultaneous capturing and +overlay will restrict this ability by requiring a single file +descriptor, as in V4L and earlier versions of V4L2. Making this +optional means applications depending on two file descriptors need +backup routines to be compatible with all drivers, which is +considerable more work than using two fds in applications which do +not. Also two fd's fit the general concept of one file descriptor for +each logical stream. Hence as a complexity trade-off drivers +<emphasis>must</emphasis> support two file descriptors and +<emphasis>may</emphasis> support single fd operation.</para> + </footnote></para> + + <section> + <title>Querying Capabilities</title> + + <para>Devices supporting the video overlay interface set the +<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the +<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability; +returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. The overlay I/O method specified +below must be supported. Tuners and audio inputs are optional.</para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Supplemental Functions</title> + + <para>Video overlay devices shall support <link +linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link +linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>, +<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link +linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed. +The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link +linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by +all video overlay devices.</para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Setup</title> + + <para>Before overlay can commence applications must program the +driver with frame buffer parameters, namely the address and size of +the frame buffer and the image format, for example RGB 5:6:5. The +&VIDIOC-G-FBUF; and &VIDIOC-S-FBUF; ioctls are available to get +and set these parameters, respectively. The +<constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl is privileged because it +allows to set up DMA into physical memory, bypassing the memory +protection mechanisms of the kernel. Only the superuser can change the +frame buffer address and size. Users are not supposed to run TV +applications as root or with SUID bit set. A small helper application +with suitable privileges should query the graphics system and program +the V4L2 driver at the appropriate time.</para> + + <para>Some devices add the video overlay to the output signal +of the graphics card. In this case the frame buffer is not modified by +the video device, and the frame buffer address and pixel format are +not needed by the driver. The <constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl +is not privileged. An application can check for this type of device by +calling the <constant>VIDIOC_G_FBUF</constant> ioctl.</para> + + <para>A driver may support any (or none) of five clipping/blending +methods:<orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Chroma-keying displays the overlaid image only where +pixels in the primary graphics surface assume a certain color.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>A bitmap can be specified where each bit corresponds +to a pixel in the overlaid image. When the bit is set, the +corresponding video pixel is displayed, otherwise a pixel of the +graphics surface.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>A list of clipping rectangles can be specified. In +these regions <emphasis>no</emphasis> video is displayed, so the +graphics surface can be seen here.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>The framebuffer has an alpha channel that can be used +to clip or blend the framebuffer with the video.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>A global alpha value can be specified to blend the +framebuffer contents with video images.</para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist></para> + + <para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and +the hardware prohibits different image and frame buffer formats, the +format requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture +(&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) or overlay (&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;) may fail with an +&EBUSY; or return accordingly modified parameters..</para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Overlay Window</title> + + <para>The overlaid image is determined by cropping and overlay +window parameters. The former select an area of the video picture to +capture, the latter how images are overlaid and clipped. Cropping +initialization at minimum requires to reset the parameters to +defaults. An example is given in <xref linkend="crop" />.</para> + + <para>The overlay window is described by a &v4l2-window;. It +defines the size of the image, its position over the graphics surface +and the clipping to be applied. To get the current parameters +applications set the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a +&v4l2-format; to <constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> and +call the &VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the +<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named +<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a +previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para> + + <para>To program the overlay window applications set the +<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to +<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize the +<structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the +&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against +hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as +<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like +<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be +used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing +driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works +after the overlay has been enabled.</para> + + <para>The scaling factor of the overlaid image is implied by the +width and height given in &v4l2-window; and the size of the cropping +rectangle. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para> + + <para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and +the hardware prohibits different image and window sizes, the size +requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture or overlay as +well (&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) may fail with an &EBUSY; or return accordingly +modified parameters.</para> + + <table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-window"> + <title>struct <structname>v4l2_window</structname></title> + <tgroup cols="3"> + &cs-str; + <tbody valign="top"> + <row> + <entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry> + <entry><structfield>w</structfield></entry> + <entry>Size and position of the window relative to the +top, left corner of the frame buffer defined with &VIDIOC-S-FBUF;. The +window can extend the frame buffer width and height, the +<structfield>x</structfield> and <structfield>y</structfield> +coordinates can be negative, and it can lie completely outside the +frame buffer. The driver clips the window accordingly, or if that is +not possible, modifies its size and/or position.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>&v4l2-field;</entry> + <entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry> + <entry>Applications set this field to determine which +video field shall be overlaid, typically one of +<constant>V4L2_FIELD_ANY</constant> (0), +<constant>V4L2_FIELD_TOP</constant>, +<constant>V4L2_FIELD_BOTTOM</constant> or +<constant>V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED</constant>. Drivers may have to choose +a different field order and return the actual setting here.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>chromakey</structfield></entry> + <entry>When chroma-keying has been negotiated with +&VIDIOC-S-FBUF; applications set this field to the desired pixel value +for the chroma key. The format is the same as the pixel format of the +framebuffer (&v4l2-framebuffer; +<structfield>fmt.pixelformat</structfield> field), with bytes in host +order. E. g. for <link +linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR32"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link> +the value should be 0xRRGGBB on a little endian, 0xBBGGRR on a big +endian host.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry> + <entry><structfield>clips</structfield></entry> + <entry>When chroma-keying has <emphasis>not</emphasis> +been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated this capability, +applications can set this field to point to an array of +clipping rectangles.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>Like the window coordinates +<structfield>w</structfield>, clipping rectangles are defined relative +to the top, left corner of the frame buffer. However clipping +rectangles must not extend the frame buffer width and height, and they +must not overlap. If possible applications should merge adjacent +rectangles. Whether this must create x-y or y-x bands, or the order of +rectangles, is not defined. When clip lists are not supported the +driver ignores this field. Its contents after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT; +are undefined.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>clipcount</structfield></entry> + <entry>When the application set the +<structfield>clips</structfield> field, this field must contain the +number of clipping rectangles in the list. When clip lists are not +supported the driver ignores this field, its contents after calling +<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> are undefined. When clip lists are +supported but no clipping is desired this field must be set to +zero.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>void *</entry> + <entry><structfield>bitmap</structfield></entry> + <entry>When chroma-keying has +<emphasis>not</emphasis> been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated +this capability, applications can set this field to point to a +clipping bit mask.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry spanname="hspan"><para>It must be of the same size +as the window, <structfield>w.width</structfield> and +<structfield>w.height</structfield>. Each bit corresponds to a pixel +in the overlaid image, which is displayed only when the bit is +<emphasis>set</emphasis>. Pixel coordinates translate to bits like: +<programlisting> +((__u8 *) <structfield>bitmap</structfield>)[<structfield>w.width</structfield> * y + x / 8] & (1 << (x & 7))</programlisting></para><para>where <structfield>0</structfield> ≤ x < +<structfield>w.width</structfield> and <structfield>0</structfield> ≤ +y <<structfield>w.height</structfield>.<footnote> + <para>Should we require + <structfield>w.width</structfield> to be a multiple of + eight?</para> + </footnote></para><para>When a clipping +bit mask is not supported the driver ignores this field, its contents +after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT; are undefined. When a bit mask is supported +but no clipping is desired this field must be set to +<constant>NULL</constant>.</para><para>Applications need not create a +clip list or bit mask. When they pass both, or despite negotiating +chroma-keying, the results are undefined. Regardless of the chosen +method, the clipping abilities of the hardware may be limited in +quantity or quality. The results when these limits are exceeded are +undefined.<footnote> + <para>When the image is written into frame buffer +memory it will be undesirable if the driver clips out less pixels +than expected, because the application and graphics system are not +aware these regions need to be refreshed. The driver should clip out +more pixels or not write the image at all.</para> + </footnote></para></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__u8</entry> + <entry><structfield>global_alpha</structfield></entry> + <entry>The global alpha value used to blend the +framebuffer with video images, if global alpha blending has been +negotiated (<constant>V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_GLOBAL_ALPHA</constant>, see +&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;, <xref linkend="framebuffer-flags" />).</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>Note this field was added in Linux 2.6.23, extending the structure. However +the <link linkend="vidioc-g-fmt">VIDIOC_G/S/TRY_FMT</link> ioctls, +which take a pointer to a <link +linkend="v4l2-format">v4l2_format</link> parent structure with padding +bytes at the end, are not affected.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-clip"> + <title>struct <structname>v4l2_clip</structname><footnote> + <para>The X Window system defines "regions" which are +vectors of struct BoxRec { short x1, y1, x2, y2; } with width = x2 - +x1 and height = y2 - y1, so one cannot pass X11 clip lists +directly.</para> + </footnote></title> + <tgroup cols="3"> + &cs-str; + <tbody valign="top"> + <row> + <entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry> + <entry><structfield>c</structfield></entry> + <entry>Coordinates of the clipping rectangle, relative to +the top, left corner of the frame buffer. Only window pixels +<emphasis>outside</emphasis> all clipping rectangles are +displayed.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry> + <entry><structfield>next</structfield></entry> + <entry>Pointer to the next clipping rectangle, NULL when +this is the last rectangle. Drivers ignore this field, it cannot be +used to pass a linked list of clipping rectangles.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <!-- NB for easier reading this table is duplicated + in the vidioc-cropcap chapter.--> + + <table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-rect"> + <title>struct <structname>v4l2_rect</structname></title> + <tgroup cols="3"> + &cs-str; + <tbody valign="top"> + <row> + <entry>__s32</entry> + <entry><structfield>left</structfield></entry> + <entry>Horizontal offset of the top, left corner of the +rectangle, in pixels.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__s32</entry> + <entry><structfield>top</structfield></entry> + <entry>Vertical offset of the top, left corner of the +rectangle, in pixels. Offsets increase to the right and down.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__s32</entry> + <entry><structfield>width</structfield></entry> + <entry>Width of the rectangle, in pixels.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__s32</entry> + <entry><structfield>height</structfield></entry> + <entry>Height of the rectangle, in pixels. Width and +height cannot be negative, the fields are signed for hysterical +reasons. <!-- video4linux-list@redhat.com on 22 Oct 2002 subject +"Re:[V4L][patches!] Re:v4l2/kernel-2.5" --></entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Enabling Overlay</title> + + <para>To start or stop the frame buffer overlay applications call +the &VIDIOC-OVERLAY; ioctl.</para> + </section> + + <!-- +Local Variables: +mode: sgml +sgml-parent-document: "v4l2.sgml" +indent-tabs-mode: nil +End: + --> |