diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
121 files changed, 5712 insertions, 2072 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/00-INDEX b/Documentation/00-INDEX index e8fb2467196..1977fab3865 100644 --- a/Documentation/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/00-INDEX @@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ DMA-API.txt - DMA API, pci_ API & extensions for non-consistent memory machines. DMA-ISA-LPC.txt - How to do DMA with ISA (and LPC) devices. -DMA-mapping.txt - - info for PCI drivers using DMA portably across all platforms. DocBook/ - directory with DocBook templates etc. for kernel documentation. HOWTO @@ -43,8 +41,6 @@ ManagementStyle - how to (attempt to) manage kernel hackers. MSI-HOWTO.txt - the Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) Driver Guide HOWTO and FAQ. -PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt - - a guide describing the PCI Express Port Bus driver. RCU/ - directory with info on RCU (read-copy update). README.DAC960 @@ -167,10 +163,8 @@ highuid.txt - notes on the change from 16 bit to 32 bit user/group IDs. hpet.txt - High Precision Event Timer Driver for Linux. -hrtimer/ - - info on the timer_stats debugging facility for timer (ab)use. -hrtimers/ - - info on the hrtimers subsystem for high-resolution kernel timers. +timers/ + - info on the timer related topics hw_random.txt - info on Linux support for random number generator in i8xx chipsets. hwmon/ @@ -287,12 +281,6 @@ parport.txt - how to use the parallel-port driver. parport-lowlevel.txt - description and usage of the low level parallel port functions. -pci-error-recovery.txt - - info on PCI error recovery. -pci.txt - - info on the PCI subsystem for device driver authors. -pcieaer-howto.txt - - the PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO. pcmcia/ - info on the Linux PCMCIA driver. pi-futex.txt @@ -341,8 +329,6 @@ sgi-visws.txt - short blurb on the SGI Visual Workstations. sh/ - directory with info on porting Linux to a new architecture. -smart-config.txt - - description of the Smart Config makefile feature. sound/ - directory with info on sound card support. sparc/ diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/o2cb b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/o2cb new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9c49d8e6c0c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/o2cb @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +What: /sys/o2cb symlink +Date: Dec 2005 +KernelVersion: 2.6.16 +Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com +Description: This is a symlink: /sys/o2cb to /sys/fs/o2cb. The symlink will + be removed when new versions of ocfs2-tools which know to look + in /sys/fs/o2cb are sufficiently prevalent. Don't code new + software to look here, it should try /sys/fs/o2cb instead. + See Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb for more information on usage. +Users: ocfs2-tools. It's sufficient to mail proposed changes to + ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb b/Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5eb1545e0b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +What: /sys/fs/o2cb/ (was /sys/o2cb) +Date: Dec 2005 +KernelVersion: 2.6.16 +Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com +Description: Ocfs2-tools looks at 'interface-revision' for versioning + information. Each logmask/ file controls a set of debug prints + and can be written into with the strings "allow", "deny", or + "off". Reading the file returns the current state. +Users: ocfs2-tools. It's sufficient to mail proposed changes to + ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-ubi b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-ubi new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..18d471d9fae --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-ubi @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +What: /sys/class/ubi/ +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + The ubi/ class sub-directory belongs to the UBI subsystem and + provides general UBI information, per-UBI device information + and per-UBI volume information. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/version +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + This file contains version of the latest supported UBI on-media + format. Currently it is 1, and there is no plan to change this. + However, if in the future UBI needs on-flash format changes + which cannot be done in a compatible manner, a new format + version will be added. So this is a mechanism for possible + future backward-compatible (but forward-incompatible) + improvements. + +What: /sys/class/ubiX/ +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + The /sys/class/ubi0, /sys/class/ubi1, etc directories describe + UBI devices (UBI device 0, 1, etc). They contain general UBI + device information and per UBI volume information (each UBI + device may have many UBI volumes) + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/avail_eraseblocks +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Amount of available logical eraseblock. For example, one may + create a new UBI volume which has this amount of logical + eraseblocks. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/bad_peb_count +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Count of bad physical eraseblocks on the underlying MTD device. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/bgt_enabled +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Contains ASCII "0\n" if the UBI background thread is disabled, + and ASCII "1\n" if it is enabled. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/dev +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Major and minor numbers of the character device corresponding + to this UBI device (in <major>:<minor> format). + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/eraseblock_size +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Maximum logical eraseblock size this UBI device may provide. UBI + volumes may have smaller logical eraseblock size because of their + alignment. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/max_ec +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Maximum physical eraseblock erase counter value. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/max_vol_count +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Maximum number of volumes which this UBI device may have. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/min_io_size +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Minimum input/output unit size. All the I/O may only be done + in fractions of the contained number. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/mtd_num +Date: January 2008 +KernelVersion: 2.6.25 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Number of the underlying MTD device. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/reserved_for_bad +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Number of physical eraseblocks reserved for bad block handling. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/total_eraseblocks +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Total number of good (not marked as bad) physical eraseblocks on + the underlying MTD device. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/volumes_count +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Count of volumes on this UBI device. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/ +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + The /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_0/, /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_1/, + etc directories describe UBI volumes on UBI device X (volumes + 0, 1, etc). + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/alignment +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Volume alignment - the value the logical eraseblock size of + this volume has to be aligned on. For example, 2048 means that + logical eraseblock size is multiple of 2048. In other words, + volume logical eraseblock size is UBI device logical eraseblock + size aligned to the alignment value. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/corrupted +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Contains ASCII "0\n" if the UBI volume is OK, and ASCII "1\n" + if it is corrupted (e.g., due to an interrupted volume update). + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/data_bytes +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + The amount of data this volume contains. This value makes sense + only for static volumes, and for dynamic volume it equivalent + to the total volume size in bytes. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/dev +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Major and minor numbers of the character device corresponding + to this UBI volume (in <major>:<minor> format). + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/name +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Volume name. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/reserved_ebs +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Count of physical eraseblock reserved for this volume. + Equivalent to the volume size in logical eraseblocks. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/type +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Volume type. Contains ASCII "dynamic\n" for dynamic volumes and + "static\n" for static volumes. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/upd_marker +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Contains ASCII "0\n" if the update marker is not set for this + volume, and "1\n" if it is set. The update marker is set when + volume update starts, and cleaned when it ends. So the presence + of the update marker indicates that the volume is being updated + at the moment of the update was interrupted. The later may be + checked using the "corrupted" sysfs file. + +What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ubiX_Y/usable_eb_size +Date: July 2006 +KernelVersion: 2.6.22 +Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> +Description: + Logical eraseblock size of this volume. Equivalent to logical + eraseblock size of the device aligned on the volume alignment + value. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ceddcff4082 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../vpd +Date: February 2008 +Contact: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com> +Description: + A file named vpd in a device directory will be a + binary file containing the Vital Product Data for the + device. It should follow the VPD format defined in + PCI Specification 2.1 or 2.2, but users should consider + that some devices may have malformatted data. If the + underlying VPD has a writable section then the + corresponding section of this file will be writable. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bdi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bdi new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5ac1e01bbd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bdi @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/ +Date: January 2008 +Contact: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> +Description: + +Provide a place in sysfs for the backing_dev_info object. This allows +setting and retrieving various BDI specific variables. + +The <bdi> identifier can be either of the following: + +MAJOR:MINOR + + Device number for block devices, or value of st_dev on + non-block filesystems which provide their own BDI, such as NFS + and FUSE. + +default + + The default backing dev, used for non-block device backed + filesystems which do not provide their own BDI. + +Files under /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/ +--------------------------------- + +read_ahead_kb (read-write) + + Size of the read-ahead window in kilobytes + +min_ratio (read-write) + + Under normal circumstances each device is given a part of the + total write-back cache that relates to its current average + writeout speed in relation to the other devices. + + The 'min_ratio' parameter allows assigning a minimum + percentage of the write-back cache to a particular device. + For example, this is useful for providing a minimum QoS. + +max_ratio (read-write) + + Allows limiting a particular device to use not more than the + given percentage of the write-back cache. This is useful in + situations where we want to avoid one device taking all or + most of the write-back cache. For example in case of an NFS + mount that is prone to get stuck, or a FUSE mount which cannot + be trusted to play fair. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ibft b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ibft new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c2b7d1154be --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ibft @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +What: /sys/firmware/ibft/initiator +Date: November 2007 +Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek <ketuzsezr@darnok.org> +Description: The /sys/firmware/ibft/initiator directory will contain + files that expose the iSCSI Boot Firmware Table initiator data. + Usually this contains the Initiator name. + +What: /sys/firmware/ibft/targetX +Date: November 2007 +Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek <ketuzsezr@darnok.org> +Description: The /sys/firmware/ibft/targetX directory will contain + files that expose the iSCSI Boot Firmware Table target data. + Usually this contains the target's IP address, boot LUN, + target name, and what NIC it is associated with. It can also + contain the CHAP name (and password), the reverse CHAP + name (and password) + +What: /sys/firmware/ibft/ethernetX +Date: November 2007 +Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek <ketuzsezr@darnok.org> +Description: The /sys/firmware/ibft/ethernetX directory will contain + files that expose the iSCSI Boot Firmware Table NIC data. + This can this can the IP address, MAC, and gateway of the NIC. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ocfs2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ocfs2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b7cc516a8a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ocfs2 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/ +Date: April 2008 +Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com +Description: + The /sys/fs/ocfs2 directory contains knobs used by the + ocfs2-tools to interact with the filesystem. + +What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/max_locking_protocol +Date: April 2008 +Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com +Description: + The /sys/fs/ocfs2/max_locking_protocol file displays version + of ocfs2 locking supported by the filesystem. This version + covers how ocfs2 uses distributed locking between cluster + nodes. + + The protocol version has a major and minor number. Two + cluster nodes can interoperate if they have an identical + major number and an overlapping minor number - thus, + a node with version 1.10 can interoperate with a node + sporting version 1.8, as long as both use the 1.8 protocol. + + Reading from this file returns a single line, the major + number and minor number joined by a period, eg "1.10". + + This file is read-only. The value is compiled into the + driver. + +What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/loaded_cluster_plugins +Date: April 2008 +Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com +Description: + The /sys/fs/ocfs2/loaded_cluster_plugins file describes + the available plugins to support ocfs2 cluster operation. + A cluster plugin is required to use ocfs2 in a cluster. + There are currently two available plugins: + + * 'o2cb' - The classic o2cb cluster stack that ocfs2 has + used since its inception. + * 'user' - A plugin supporting userspace cluster software + in conjunction with fs/dlm. + + Reading from this file returns the names of all loaded + plugins, one per line. + + This file is read-only. Its contents may change as + plugins are loaded or removed. + +What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/active_cluster_plugin +Date: April 2008 +Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com +Description: + The /sys/fs/ocfs2/active_cluster_plugin displays which + cluster plugin is currently in use by the filesystem. + The active plugin will appear in the loaded_cluster_plugins + file as well. Only one plugin can be used at a time. + + Reading from this file returns the name of the active plugin + on a single line. + + This file is read-only. Which plugin is active depends on + the cluster stack in use. The contents may change + when all filesystems are unmounted and the cluster stack + is changed. + +What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/cluster_stack +Date: April 2008 +Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com +Description: + The /sys/fs/ocfs2/cluster_stack file contains the name + of current ocfs2 cluster stack. This value is set by + userspace tools when bringing the cluster stack online. + + Cluster stack names are 4 characters in length. + + When the 'o2cb' cluster stack is used, the 'o2cb' cluster + plugin is active. All other cluster stacks use the 'user' + cluster plugin. + + Reading from this file returns the name of the current + cluster stack on a single line. + + Writing a new stack name to this file changes the current + cluster stack unless there are mounted ocfs2 filesystems. + If there are mounted filesystems, attempts to change the + stack return an error. + +Users: + ocfs2-tools <ocfs2-tools-devel@oss.oracle.com> diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt index b939ebb6287..80d150458c8 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Part Ic - DMA addressing limitations int dma_supported(struct device *dev, u64 mask) int -pci_dma_supported(struct device *dev, u64 mask) +pci_dma_supported(struct pci_dev *hwdev, u64 mask) Checks to see if the device can support DMA to the memory described by mask. @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ dma_addr_t dma_map_single(struct device *dev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size, enum dma_data_direction direction) dma_addr_t -pci_map_single(struct device *dev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size, +pci_map_single(struct pci_dev *hwdev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size, int direction) Maps a piece of processor virtual memory so it can be accessed by the @@ -395,6 +395,71 @@ Notes: You must do this: See also dma_map_single(). +dma_addr_t +dma_map_single_attrs(struct device *dev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size, + enum dma_data_direction dir, + struct dma_attrs *attrs) + +void +dma_unmap_single_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr, + size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir, + struct dma_attrs *attrs) + +int +dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl, + int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir, + struct dma_attrs *attrs) + +void +dma_unmap_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl, + int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir, + struct dma_attrs *attrs) + +The four functions above are just like the counterpart functions +without the _attrs suffixes, except that they pass an optional +struct dma_attrs*. + +struct dma_attrs encapsulates a set of "dma attributes". For the +definition of struct dma_attrs see linux/dma-attrs.h. + +The interpretation of dma attributes is architecture-specific, and +each attribute should be documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt. + +If struct dma_attrs* is NULL, the semantics of each of these +functions is identical to those of the corresponding function +without the _attrs suffix. As a result dma_map_single_attrs() +can generally replace dma_map_single(), etc. + +As an example of the use of the *_attrs functions, here's how +you could pass an attribute DMA_ATTR_FOO when mapping memory +for DMA: + +#include <linux/dma-attrs.h> +/* DMA_ATTR_FOO should be defined in linux/dma-attrs.h and + * documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt */ +... + + DEFINE_DMA_ATTRS(attrs); + dma_set_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, &attrs); + .... + n = dma_map_sg_attrs(dev, sg, nents, DMA_TO_DEVICE, &attr); + .... + +Architectures that care about DMA_ATTR_FOO would check for its +presence in their implementations of the mapping and unmapping +routines, e.g.: + +void whizco_dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr, + size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir, + struct dma_attrs *attrs) +{ + .... + int foo = dma_get_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, attrs); + .... + if (foo) + /* twizzle the frobnozzle */ + .... + Part II - Advanced dma_ usage ----------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt b/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6d772f84b47 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + DMA attributes + ============== + +This document describes the semantics of the DMA attributes that are +defined in linux/dma-attrs.h. + +DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER +---------------------- + +DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER is a (write) barrier attribute for DMA. DMA +to a memory region with the DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER attribute forces +all pending DMA writes to complete, and thus provides a mechanism to +strictly order DMA from a device across all intervening busses and +bridges. This barrier is not specific to a particular type of +interconnect, it applies to the system as a whole, and so its +implementation must account for the idiosyncracies of the system all +the way from the DMA device to memory. + +As an example of a situation where DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER would be +useful, suppose that a device does a DMA write to indicate that data is +ready and available in memory. The DMA of the "completion indication" +could race with data DMA. Mapping the memory used for completion +indications with DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER would prevent the race. + diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt b/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt index d84f89dbf92..b463ecd0c7c 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt @@ -315,11 +315,11 @@ you should do: dma_addr_t dma_handle; - cpu_addr = pci_alloc_consistent(dev, size, &dma_handle); + cpu_addr = pci_alloc_consistent(pdev, size, &dma_handle); -where dev is a struct pci_dev *. You should pass NULL for PCI like buses -where devices don't have struct pci_dev (like ISA, EISA). This may be -called in interrupt context. +where pdev is a struct pci_dev *. This may be called in interrupt context. +You should use dma_alloc_coherent (see DMA-API.txt) for buses +where devices don't have struct pci_dev (like ISA, EISA). This argument is needed because the DMA translations may be bus specific (and often is private to the bus which the device is attached @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ __get_free_pages (but takes size instead of a page order). If your driver needs regions sized smaller than a page, you may prefer using the pci_pool interface, described below. -The consistent DMA mapping interfaces, for non-NULL dev, will by +The consistent DMA mapping interfaces, for non-NULL pdev, will by default return a DMA address which is SAC (Single Address Cycle) addressable. Even if the device indicates (via PCI dma mask) that it may address the upper 32-bits and thus perform DAC cycles, consistent @@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ buffer you receive will not cross a 64K boundary. To unmap and free such a DMA region, you call: - pci_free_consistent(dev, size, cpu_addr, dma_handle); + pci_free_consistent(pdev, size, cpu_addr, dma_handle); -where dev, size are the same as in the above call and cpu_addr and +where pdev, size are the same as in the above call and cpu_addr and dma_handle are the values pci_alloc_consistent returned to you. This function may not be called in interrupt context. @@ -371,9 +371,9 @@ Create a pci_pool like this: struct pci_pool *pool; - pool = pci_pool_create(name, dev, size, align, alloc); + pool = pci_pool_create(name, pdev, size, align, alloc); -The "name" is for diagnostics (like a kmem_cache name); dev and size +The "name" is for diagnostics (like a kmem_cache name); pdev and size are as above. The device's hardware alignment requirement for this type of data is "align" (which is expressed in bytes, and must be a power of two). If your device has no boundary crossing restrictions, @@ -472,11 +472,11 @@ To map a single region, you do: void *addr = buffer->ptr; size_t size = buffer->len; - dma_handle = pci_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + dma_handle = pci_map_single(pdev, addr, size, direction); and to unmap it: - pci_unmap_single(dev, dma_handle, size, direction); + pci_unmap_single(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction); You should call pci_unmap_single when the DMA activity is finished, e.g. from the interrupt which told you that the DMA transfer is done. @@ -493,17 +493,17 @@ Specifically: unsigned long offset = buffer->offset; size_t size = buffer->len; - dma_handle = pci_map_page(dev, page, offset, size, direction); + dma_handle = pci_map_page(pdev, page, offset, size, direction); ... - pci_unmap_page(dev, dma_handle, size, direction); + pci_unmap_page(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction); Here, "offset" means byte offset within the given page. With scatterlists, you map a region gathered from several regions by: - int i, count = pci_map_sg(dev, sglist, nents, direction); + int i, count = pci_map_sg(pdev, sglist, nents, direction); struct scatterlist *sg; for_each_sg(sglist, sg, count, i) { @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ accessed sg->address and sg->length as shown above. To unmap a scatterlist, just call: - pci_unmap_sg(dev, sglist, nents, direction); + pci_unmap_sg(pdev, sglist, nents, direction); Again, make sure DMA activity has already finished. @@ -550,11 +550,11 @@ correct copy of the DMA buffer. So, firstly, just map it with pci_map_{single,sg}, and after each DMA transfer call either: - pci_dma_sync_single_for_cpu(dev, dma_handle, size, direction); + pci_dma_sync_single_for_cpu(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction); or: - pci_dma_sync_sg_for_cpu(dev, sglist, nents, direction); + pci_dma_sync_sg_for_cpu(pdev, sglist, nents, direction); as appropriate. @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ Then, if you wish to let the device get at the DMA area again, finish accessing the data with the cpu, and then before actually giving the buffer to the hardware call either: - pci_dma_sync_single_for_device(dev, dma_handle, size, direction); + pci_dma_sync_single_for_device(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction); or: @@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ failure can be determined by: dma_addr_t dma_handle; - dma_handle = pci_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + dma_handle = pci_map_single(pdev, addr, size, direction); if (pci_dma_mapping_error(dma_handle)) { /* * reduce current DMA mapping usage, diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile index 300e1707893..0eb0d027eb3 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile @@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ DOCBOOKS := wanbook.xml z8530book.xml mcabook.xml videobook.xml \ kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \ procfs-guide.xml writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \ - kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml \ + kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml kgdb.xml \ gadget.xml libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml \ - genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml + genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \ + mac80211.xml debugobjects.xml ### # The build process is as follows (targets): @@ -186,8 +187,11 @@ quiet_cmd_fig2png = FIG2PNG $@ ### # Rule to convert a .c file to inline XML documentation + gen_xml = : + quiet_gen_xml = echo ' GEN $@' +silent_gen_xml = : %.xml: %.c - @echo ' GEN $@' + @$($(quiet)gen_xml) @( \ echo "<programlisting>"; \ expand --tabs=8 < $< | \ diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7f5f218015f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []> + +<book id="debug-objects-guide"> + <bookinfo> + <title>Debug objects life time</title> + + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Thomas</firstname> + <surname>Gleixner</surname> + <affiliation> + <address> + <email>tglx@linutronix.de</email> + </address> + </affiliation> + </author> + </authorgroup> + + <copyright> + <year>2008</year> + <holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder> + </copyright> + + <legalnotice> + <para> + This documentation is free software; you can redistribute + it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public + License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation. + </para> + + <para> + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied + warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + See the GNU General Public License for more details. + </para> + + <para> + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public + License along with this program; if not, write to the Free + Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, + MA 02111-1307 USA + </para> + + <para> + For more details see the file COPYING in the source + distribution of Linux. + </para> + </legalnotice> + </bookinfo> + +<toc></toc> + + <chapter id="intro"> + <title>Introduction</title> + <para> + debugobjects is a generic infrastructure to track the life time + of kernel objects and validate the operations on those. + </para> + <para> + debugobjects is useful to check for the following error patterns: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Activation of uninitialized objects</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Initialization of active objects</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Usage of freed/destroyed objects</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para> + debugobjects is not changing the data structure of the real + object so it can be compiled in with a minimal runtime impact + and enabled on demand with a kernel command line option. + </para> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="howto"> + <title>Howto use debugobjects</title> + <para> + A kernel subsystem needs to provide a data structure which + describes the object type and add calls into the debug code at + appropriate places. The data structure to describe the object + type needs at minimum the name of the object type. Optional + functions can and should be provided to fixup detected problems + so the kernel can continue to work and the debug information can + be retrieved from a live system instead of hard core debugging + with serial consoles and stack trace transcripts from the + monitor. + </para> + <para> + The debug calls provided by debugobjects are: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>debug_object_init</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>debug_object_init_on_stack</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>debug_object_activate</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>debug_object_deactivate</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>debug_object_destroy</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>debug_object_free</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + Each of these functions takes the address of the real object and + a pointer to the object type specific debug description + structure. + </para> + <para> + Each detected error is reported in the statistics and a limited + number of errors are printk'ed including a full stack trace. + </para> + <para> + The statistics are available via debugfs/debug_objects/stats. + They provide information about the number of warnings and the + number of successful fixups along with information about the + usage of the internal tracking objects and the state of the + internal tracking objects pool. + </para> + </chapter> + <chapter id="debugfunctions"> + <title>Debug functions</title> + <sect1 id="prototypes"> + <title>Debug object function reference</title> +!Elib/debugobjects.c + </sect1> + <sect1 id="debug_object_init"> + <title>debug_object_init</title> + <para> + This function is called whenever the initialization function + of a real object is called. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is + checked, whether the object can be initialized. Initializing + is not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When + debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the fixup_init + function of the object type description structure if provided + by the caller. The fixup function can correct the problem + before the real initialization of the object happens. E.g. it + can deactivate an active object in order to prevent damage to + the subsystem. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects, + debugobjects allocates a tracker object for the real object + and sets the tracker object state to ODEBUG_STATE_INIT. It + verifies that the object is not on the callers stack. If it is + on the callers stack then a limited number of warnings + including a full stack trace is printk'ed. The calling code + must use debug_object_init_on_stack() and remove the object + before leaving the function which allocated it. See next + section. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="debug_object_init_on_stack"> + <title>debug_object_init_on_stack</title> + <para> + This function is called whenever the initialization function + of a real object which resides on the stack is called. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is + checked, whether the object can be initialized. Initializing + is not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When + debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the fixup_init + function of the object type description structure if provided + by the caller. The fixup function can correct the problem + before the real initialization of the object happens. E.g. it + can deactivate an active object in order to prevent damage to + the subsystem. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects + debugobjects allocates a tracker object for the real object + and sets the tracker object state to ODEBUG_STATE_INIT. It + verifies that the object is on the callers stack. + </para> + <para> + An object which is on the stack must be removed from the + tracker by calling debug_object_free() before the function + which allocates the object returns. Otherwise we keep track of + stale objects. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="debug_object_activate"> + <title>debug_object_activate</title> + <para> + This function is called whenever the activation function of a + real object is called. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is + checked, whether the object can be activated. Activating is + not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When + debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the + fixup_activate function of the object type description + structure if provided by the caller. The fixup function can + correct the problem before the real activation of the object + happens. E.g. it can deactivate an active object in order to + prevent damage to the subsystem. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects then + the fixup_activate function is called if available. This is + necessary to allow the legitimate activation of statically + allocated and initialized objects. The fixup function checks + whether the object is valid and calls the debug_objects_init() + function to initialize the tracking of this object. + </para> + <para> + When the activation is legitimate, then the state of the + associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="debug_object_deactivate"> + <title>debug_object_deactivate</title> + <para> + This function is called whenever the deactivation function of + a real object is called. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked, + whether the object can be deactivated. Deactivating is not + allowed for untracked or destroyed objects. + </para> + <para> + When the deactivation is legitimate, then the state of the + associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="debug_object_destroy"> + <title>debug_object_destroy</title> + <para> + This function is called to mark an object destroyed. This is + useful to prevent the usage of invalid objects, which are + still available in memory: either statically allocated objects + or objects which are freed later. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked, + whether the object can be destroyed. Destruction is not + allowed for active and destroyed objects. When debugobjects + detects an error, then it calls the fixup_destroy function of + the object type description structure if provided by the + caller. The fixup function can correct the problem before the + real destruction of the object happens. E.g. it can deactivate + an active object in order to prevent damage to the subsystem. + </para> + <para> + When the destruction is legitimate, then the state of the + associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="debug_object_free"> + <title>debug_object_free</title> + <para> + This function is called before an object is freed. + </para> + <para> + When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked, + whether the object can be freed. Free is not allowed for + active objects. When debugobjects detects an error, then it + calls the fixup_free function of the object type description + structure if provided by the caller. The fixup function can + correct the problem before the real free of the object + happens. E.g. it can deactivate an active object in order to + prevent damage to the subsystem. + </para> + <para> + Note that debug_object_free removes the object from the + tracker. Later usage of the object is detected by the other + debug checks. + </para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter id="fixupfunctions"> + <title>Fixup functions</title> + <sect1 id="debug_obj_descr"> + <title>Debug object type description structure</title> +!Iinclude/linux/debugobjects.h + </sect1> + <sect1 id="fixup_init"> + <title>fixup_init</title> + <para> + This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem + in debug_object_init is detected. The function takes the + address of the object and the state which is currently + recorded in the tracker. + </para> + <para> + Called from debug_object_init when the object state is: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para> + The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful, + otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the + statistics. + </para> + <para> + Note, that the function needs to call the debug_object_init() + function again, after the damage has been repaired in order to + keep the state consistent. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="fixup_activate"> + <title>fixup_activate</title> + <para> + This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem + in debug_object_activate is detected. + </para> + <para> + Called from debug_object_activate when the object state is: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para> + The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful, + otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the + statistics. + </para> + <para> + Note that the function needs to call the debug_object_activate() + function again after the damage has been repaired in order to + keep the state consistent. + </para> + <para> + The activation of statically initialized objects is a special + case. When debug_object_activate() has no tracked object for + this object address then fixup_activate() is called with + object state ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE. The fixup function + needs to check whether this is a legitimate case of a + statically initialized object or not. In case it is it calls + debug_object_init() and debug_object_activate() to make the + object known to the tracker and marked active. In this case + the function should return 0 because this is not a real fixup. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="fixup_destroy"> + <title>fixup_destroy</title> + <para> + This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem + in debug_object_destroy is detected. + </para> + <para> + Called from debug_object_destroy when the object state is: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para> + The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful, + otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the + statistics. + </para> + </sect1> + <sect1 id="fixup_free"> + <title>fixup_free</title> + <para> + This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem + in debug_object_free is detected. Further it can be called + from the debug checks in kfree/vfree, when an active object is + detected from the debug_check_no_obj_freed() sanity checks. + </para> + <para> + Called from debug_object_free() or debug_check_no_obj_freed() + when the object state is: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para> + The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful, + otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the + statistics. + </para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter id="bugs"> + <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title> + <para> + None (knock on wood). + </para> + </chapter> +</book> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl index dc0f30c3e57..b7b1482f6e0 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ X!Ilib/string.c !Elib/string.c </sect1> <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title> -!Iinclude/asm-x86/bitops_32.h +!Iinclude/asm-x86/bitops.h </sect1> </chapter> @@ -297,11 +297,6 @@ X!Earch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c !Ikernel/acct.c </chapter> - <chapter id="pmfuncs"> - <title>Power Management</title> -!Ekernel/power/pm.c - </chapter> - <chapter id="devdrivers"> <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title> <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title> @@ -650,4 +645,58 @@ X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c !Edrivers/i2c/i2c-core.c </chapter> + <chapter id="clk"> + <title>Clock Framework</title> + + <para> + The clock framework defines programming interfaces to support + software management of the system clock tree. + This framework is widely used with System-On-Chip (SOC) platforms + to support power management and various devices which may need + custom clock rates. + Note that these "clocks" don't relate to timekeeping or real + time clocks (RTCs), each of which have separate frameworks. + These <structname>struct clk</structname> instances may be used + to manage for example a 96 MHz signal that is used to shift bits + into and out of peripherals or busses, or otherwise trigger + synchronous state machine transitions in system hardware. + </para> + + <para> + Power management is supported by explicit software clock gating: + unused clocks are disabled, so the system doesn't waste power + changing the state of transistors that aren't in active use. + On some systems this may be backed by hardware clock gating, + where clocks are gated without being disabled in software. + Sections of chips that are powered but not clocked may be able + to retain their last state. + This low power state is often called a <emphasis>retention + mode</emphasis>. + This mode still incurs leakage currents, especially with finer + circuit geometries, but for CMOS circuits power is mostly used + by clocked state changes. + </para> + + <para> + Power-aware drivers only enable their clocks when the device + they manage is in active use. Also, system sleep states often + differ according to which clock domains are active: while a + "standby" state may allow wakeup from several active domains, a + "mem" (suspend-to-RAM) state may require a more wholesale shutdown + of clocks derived from higher speed PLLs and oscillators, limiting + the number of possible wakeup event sources. A driver's suspend + method may need to be aware of system-specific clock constraints + on the target sleep state. + </para> + + <para> + Some platforms support programmable clock generators. These + can be used by external chips of various kinds, such as other + CPUs, multimedia codecs, and devices with strict requirements + for interface clocking. + </para> + +!Iinclude/linux/clk.h + </chapter> + </book> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl index 2e9d6b41f03..77c42f40be5 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ </para> <para> The third type is a semaphore - (<filename class="headerfile">include/asm/semaphore.h</filename>): it + (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/semaphore.h</filename>): it can have more than one holder at any time (the number decided at initialization time), although it is most commonly used as a single-holder lock (a mutex). If you can't get a semaphore, your @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ <para> If you have a data structure which is only ever accessed from user context, then you can use a simple semaphore - (<filename>linux/asm/semaphore.h</filename>) to protect it. This + (<filename>linux/linux/semaphore.h</filename>) to protect it. This is the most trivial case: you initialize the semaphore to the number of resources available (usually 1), and call <function>down_interruptible()</function> to grab the semaphore, and @@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ The change is shown below, in standard patch format: the }; -static DEFINE_MUTEX(cache_lock); -+static spinlock_t cache_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED; ++static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cache_lock); static LIST_HEAD(cache); static unsigned int cache_num = 0; #define MAX_CACHE_SIZE 10 @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ Here is the "lock-per-object" implementation: - int popularity; }; - static spinlock_t cache_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED; + static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cache_lock); @@ -77,6 +84,7 @@ obj->id = id; obj->popularity = 0; @@ -1656,7 +1656,7 @@ the amount of locking which needs to be done. #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/string.h> +#include <linux/rcupdate.h> - #include <asm/semaphore.h> + #include <linux/semaphore.h> #include <asm/errno.h> struct object diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..97618bed4d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl @@ -0,0 +1,447 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []> + +<book id="kgdbOnLinux"> + <bookinfo> + <title>Using kgdb and the kgdb Internals</title> + + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Jason</firstname> + <surname>Wessel</surname> + <affiliation> + <address> + <email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email> + </address> + </affiliation> + </author> + </authorgroup> + + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Tom</firstname> + <surname>Rini</surname> + <affiliation> + <address> + <email>trini@kernel.crashing.org</email> + </address> + </affiliation> + </author> + </authorgroup> + + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Amit S.</firstname> + <surname>Kale</surname> + <affiliation> + <address> + <email>amitkale@linsyssoft.com</email> + </address> + </affiliation> + </author> + </authorgroup> + + <copyright> + <year>2008</year> + <holder>Wind River Systems, Inc.</holder> + </copyright> + <copyright> + <year>2004-2005</year> + <holder>MontaVista Software, Inc.</holder> + </copyright> + <copyright> + <year>2004</year> + <holder>Amit S. Kale</holder> + </copyright> + + <legalnotice> + <para> + This file is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License + version 2. This program is licensed "as is" without any warranty of any + kind, whether express or implied. + </para> + + </legalnotice> + </bookinfo> + +<toc></toc> + <chapter id="Introduction"> + <title>Introduction</title> + <para> + kgdb is a source level debugger for linux kernel. It is used along + with gdb to debug a linux kernel. The expectation is that gdb can + be used to "break in" to the kernel to inspect memory, variables + and look through a cal stack information similar to what an + application developer would use gdb for. It is possible to place + breakpoints in kernel code and perform some limited execution + stepping. + </para> + <para> + Two machines are required for using kgdb. One of these machines is a + development machine and the other is a test machine. The kernel + to be debugged runs on the test machine. The development machine + runs an instance of gdb against the vmlinux file which contains + the symbols (not boot image such as bzImage, zImage, uImage...). + In gdb the developer specifies the connection parameters and + connects to kgdb. Depending on which kgdb I/O modules exist in + the kernel for a given architecture, it may be possible to debug + the test machine's kernel with the development machine using a + rs232 or ethernet connection. + </para> + </chapter> + <chapter id="CompilingAKernel"> + <title>Compiling a kernel</title> + <para> + To enable <symbol>CONFIG_KGDB</symbol>, look under the "Kernel debugging" + and then select "KGDB: kernel debugging with remote gdb". + </para> + <para> + Next you should choose one of more I/O drivers to interconnect debugging + host and debugged target. Early boot debugging requires a KGDB + I/O driver that supports early debugging and the driver must be + built into the kernel directly. Kgdb I/O driver configuration + takes place via kernel or module parameters, see following + chapter. + </para> + <para> + The kgdb test compile options are described in the kgdb test suite chapter. + </para> + + </chapter> + <chapter id="EnableKGDB"> + <title>Enable kgdb for debugging</title> + <para> + In order to use kgdb you must activate it by passing configuration + information to one of the kgdb I/O drivers. If you do not pass any + configuration information kgdb will not do anything at all. Kgdb + will only actively hook up to the kernel trap hooks if a kgdb I/O + driver is loaded and configured. If you unconfigure a kgdb I/O + driver, kgdb will unregister all the kernel hook points. + </para> + <para> + All drivers can be reconfigured at run time, if + <symbol>CONFIG_SYSFS</symbol> and <symbol>CONFIG_MODULES</symbol> + are enabled, by echo'ing a new config string to + <constant>/sys/module/<driver>/parameter/<option></constant>. + The driver can be unconfigured by passing an empty string. You cannot + change the configuration while the debugger is attached. Make sure + to detach the debugger with the <constant>detach</constant> command + prior to trying unconfigure a kgdb I/O driver. + </para> + <sect1 id="kgdbwait"> + <title>Kernel parameter: kgdbwait</title> + <para> + The Kernel command line option <constant>kgdbwait</constant> makes + kgdb wait for a debugger connection during booting of a kernel. You + can only use this option you compiled a kgdb I/O driver into the + kernel and you specified the I/O driver configuration as a kernel + command line option. The kgdbwait parameter should always follow the + configuration parameter for the kgdb I/O driver in the kernel + command line else the I/O driver will not be configured prior to + asking the kernel to use it to wait. + </para> + <para> + The kernel will stop and wait as early as the I/O driver and + architecture will allow when you use this option. If you build the + kgdb I/O driver as a kernel module kgdbwait will not do anything. + </para> + </sect1> + <sect1 id="kgdboc"> + <title>Kernel parameter: kgdboc</title> + <para> + The kgdboc driver was originally an abbreviation meant to stand for + "kgdb over console". Kgdboc is designed to work with a single + serial port. It was meant to cover the circumstance + where you wanted to use a serial console as your primary console as + well as using it to perform kernel debugging. Of course you can + also use kgdboc without assigning a console to the same port. + </para> + <sect2 id="UsingKgdboc"> + <title>Using kgdboc</title> + <para> + You can configure kgdboc via sysfs or a module or kernel boot line + parameter depending on if you build with CONFIG_KGDBOC as a module + or built-in. + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>From the module load or build-in</para> + <para><constant>kgdboc=<tty-device>,[baud]</constant></para> + <para> + The example here would be if your console port was typically ttyS0, you would use something like <constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant> or on the ARM Versatile AB you would likely use <constant>kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200</constant> + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>From sysfs</para> + <para><constant>echo ttyS0 > /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + <para> + NOTE: Kgdboc does not support interrupting the target via the + gdb remote protocol. You must manually send a sysrq-g unless you + have a proxy that splits console output to a terminal problem and + has a separate port for the debugger to connect to that sends the + sysrq-g for you. + </para> + <para>When using kgdboc with no debugger proxy, you can end up + connecting the debugger for one of two entry points. If an + exception occurs after you have loaded kgdboc a message should print + on the console stating it is waiting for the debugger. In case you + disconnect your terminal program and then connect the debugger in + its place. If you want to interrupt the target system and forcibly + enter a debug session you have to issue a Sysrq sequence and then + type the letter <constant>g</constant>. Then you disconnect the + terminal session and connect gdb. Your options if you don't like + this are to hack gdb to send the sysrq-g for you as well as on the + initial connect, or to use a debugger proxy that allows an + unmodified gdb to do the debugging. + </para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + <sect1 id="kgdbcon"> + <title>Kernel parameter: kgdbcon</title> + <para> + Kgdb supports using the gdb serial protocol to send console messages + to the debugger when the debugger is connected and running. There + are two ways to activate this feature. + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>Activate with the kernel command line option:</para> + <para><constant>kgdbcon</constant></para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>Use sysfs before configuring an io driver</para> + <para> + <constant>echo 1 > /sys/module/kgdb/parameters/kgdb_use_con</constant> + </para> + <para> + NOTE: If you do this after you configure the kgdb I/O driver, the + setting will not take effect until the next point the I/O is + reconfigured. + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + <para> + IMPORTANT NOTE: Using this option with kgdb over the console + (kgdboc) or kgdb over ethernet (kgdboe) is not supported. + </para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter id="ConnectingGDB"> + <title>Connecting gdb</title> + <para> + If you are using kgdboc, you need to have used kgdbwait as a boot + argument, issued a sysrq-g, or the system you are going to debug + has already taken an exception and is waiting for the debugger to + attach before you can connect gdb. + </para> + <para> + If you are not using different kgdb I/O driver other than kgdboc, + you should be able to connect and the target will automatically + respond. + </para> + <para> + Example (using a serial port): + </para> + <programlisting> + % gdb ./vmlinux + (gdb) set remotebaud 115200 + (gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0 + </programlisting> + <para> + Example (kgdb to a terminal server): + </para> + <programlisting> + % gdb ./vmlinux + (gdb) target remote udp:192.168.2.2:6443 + </programlisting> + <para> + Example (kgdb over ethernet): + </para> + <programlisting> + % gdb ./vmlinux + (gdb) target remote udp:192.168.2.2:6443 + </programlisting> + <para> + Once connected, you can debug a kernel the way you would debug an + application program. + </para> + <para> + If you are having problems connecting or something is going + seriously wrong while debugging, it will most often be the case + that you want to enable gdb to be verbose about its target + communications. You do this prior to issuing the <constant>target + remote</constant> command by typing in: <constant>set remote debug 1</constant> + </para> + </chapter> + <chapter id="KGDBTestSuite"> + <title>kgdb Test Suite</title> + <para> + When kgdb is enabled in the kernel config you can also elect to + enable the config parameter KGDB_TESTS. Turning this on will + enable a special kgdb I/O module which is designed to test the + kgdb internal functions. + </para> + <para> + The kgdb tests are mainly intended for developers to test the kgdb + internals as well as a tool for developing a new kgdb architecture + specific implementation. These tests are not really for end users + of the Linux kernel. The primary source of documentation would be + to look in the drivers/misc/kgdbts.c file. + </para> + <para> + The kgdb test suite can also be configured at compile time to run + the core set of tests by setting the kernel config parameter + KGDB_TESTS_ON_BOOT. This particular option is aimed at automated + regression testing and does not require modifying the kernel boot + config arguments. If this is turned on, the kgdb test suite can + be disabled by specifying "kgdbts=" as a kernel boot argument. + </para> + </chapter> + <chapter id="CommonBackEndReq"> + <title>KGDB Internals</title> + <sect1 id="kgdbArchitecture"> + <title>Architecture Specifics</title> + <para> + Kgdb is organized into three basic components: + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>kgdb core</para> + <para> + The kgdb core is found in kernel/kgdb.c. It contains: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>All the logic to implement the gdb serial protocol</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>A generic OS exception handler which includes sync'ing the processors into a stopped state on an multi cpu system.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The API to talk to the kgdb I/O drivers</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The API to make calls to the arch specific kgdb implementation</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The logic to perform safe memory reads and writes to memory while using the debugger</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>A full implementation for software breakpoints unless overridden by the arch</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>kgdb arch specific implementation</para> + <para> + This implementation is generally found in arch/*/kernel/kgdb.c. + As an example, arch/x86/kernel/kgdb.c contains the specifics to + implement HW breakpoint as well as the initialization to + dynamically register and unregister for the trap handlers on + this architecture. The arch specific portion implements: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>contains an arch specific trap catcher which + invokes kgdb_handle_exception() to start kgdb about doing its + work</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>translation to and from gdb specific packet format to pt_regs</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Registration and unregistration of architecture specific trap hooks</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Any special exception handling and cleanup</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>NMI exception handling and cleanup</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>(optional)HW breakpoints</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>kgdb I/O driver</para> + <para> + Each kgdb I/O driver has to provide an implemenation for the following: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>configuration via builtin or module</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>dynamic configuration and kgdb hook registration calls</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>read and write character interface</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>A cleanup handler for unconfiguring from the kgdb core</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>(optional) Early debug methodology</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + Any given kgdb I/O driver has to operate very closely with the + hardware and must do it in such a way that does not enable + interrupts or change other parts of the system context without + completely restoring them. The kgdb core will repeatedly "poll" + a kgdb I/O driver for characters when it needs input. The I/O + driver is expected to return immediately if there is no data + available. Doing so allows for the future possibility to touch + watch dog hardware in such a way as to have a target system not + reset when these are enabled. + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + <para> + If you are intent on adding kgdb architecture specific support + for a new architecture, the architecture should define + <constant>HAVE_ARCH_KGDB</constant> in the architecture specific + Kconfig file. This will enable kgdb for the architecture, and + at that point you must create an architecture specific kgdb + implementation. + </para> + <para> + There are a few flags which must be set on every architecture in + their <asm/kgdb.h> file. These are: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + NUMREGBYTES: The size in bytes of all of the registers, so + that we can ensure they will all fit into a packet. + </para> + <para> + BUFMAX: The size in bytes of the buffer GDB will read into. + This must be larger than NUMREGBYTES. + </para> + <para> + CACHE_FLUSH_IS_SAFE: Set to 1 if it is always safe to call + flush_cache_range or flush_icache_range. On some architectures, + these functions may not be safe to call on SMP since we keep other + CPUs in a holding pattern. + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para> + There are also the following functions for the common backend, + found in kernel/kgdb.c, that must be supplied by the + architecture-specific backend unless marked as (optional), in + which case a default function maybe used if the architecture + does not need to provide a specific implementation. + </para> +!Iinclude/linux/kgdb.h + </sect1> + <sect1 id="kgdbocDesign"> + <title>kgdboc internals</title> + <para> + The kgdboc driver is actually a very thin driver that relies on the + underlying low level to the hardware driver having "polling hooks" + which the to which the tty driver is attached. In the initial + implementation of kgdboc it the serial_core was changed to expose a + low level uart hook for doing polled mode reading and writing of a + single character while in an atomic context. When kgdb makes an I/O + request to the debugger, kgdboc invokes a call back in the serial + core which in turn uses the call back in the uart driver. It is + certainly possible to extend kgdboc to work with non-uart based + consoles in the future. + </para> + <para> + When using kgdboc with a uart, the uart driver must implement two callbacks in the <constant>struct uart_ops</constant>. Example from drivers/8250.c:<programlisting> +#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL + .poll_get_char = serial8250_get_poll_char, + .poll_put_char = serial8250_put_poll_char, +#endif + </programlisting> + Any implementation specifics around creating a polling driver use the + <constant>#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL</constant>, as shown above. + Keep in mind that polling hooks have to be implemented in such a way + that they can be called from an atomic context and have to restore + the state of the uart chip on return such that the system can return + to normal when the debugger detaches. You need to be very careful + with any kind of lock you consider, because failing here is most + going to mean pressing the reset button. + </para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter id="credits"> + <title>Credits</title> + <para> + The following people have contributed to this document: + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>Amit Kale<email>amitkale@linsyssoft.com</email></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Tom Rini<email>trini@kernel.crashing.org</email></para></listitem> + </orderedlist> + In March 2008 this document was completely rewritten by: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Jason Wessel<email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + </chapter> +</book> + diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b651e0a4b1c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []> + +<book id="mac80211-developers-guide"> + <bookinfo> + <title>The mac80211 subsystem for kernel developers</title> + + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Johannes</firstname> + <surname>Berg</surname> + <affiliation> + <address><email>johannes@sipsolutions.net</email></address> + </affiliation> + </author> + </authorgroup> + + <copyright> + <year>2007</year> + <year>2008</year> + <holder>Johannes Berg</holder> + </copyright> + + <legalnotice> + <para> + This documentation is free software; you can redistribute + it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public + License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation. + </para> + + <para> + This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied + warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + See the GNU General Public License for more details. + </para> + + <para> + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public + License along with this documentation; if not, write to the Free + Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, + MA 02111-1307 USA + </para> + + <para> + For more details see the file COPYING in the source + distribution of Linux. + </para> + </legalnotice> + + <abstract> +!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Introduction +!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Warning + </abstract> + </bookinfo> + + <toc></toc> + +<!-- +Generally, this document shall be ordered by increasing complexity. +It is important to note that readers should be able to read only +the first few sections to get a working driver and only advanced +usage should require reading the full document. +--> + + <part> + <title>The basic mac80211 driver interface</title> + <partintro> + <para> + You should read and understand the information contained + within this part of the book while implementing a driver. + In some chapters, advanced usage is noted, that may be + skipped at first. + </para> + <para> + This part of the book only covers station and monitor mode + functionality, additional information required to implement + the other modes is covered in the second part of the book. + </para> + </partintro> + + <chapter id="basics"> + <title>Basic hardware handling</title> + <para>TBD</para> + <para> + This chapter shall contain information on getting a hw + struct allocated and registered with mac80211. + </para> + <para> + Since it is required to allocate rates/modes before registering + a hw struct, this chapter shall also contain information on setting + up the rate/mode structs. + </para> + <para> + Additionally, some discussion about the callbacks and + the general programming model should be in here, including + the definition of ieee80211_ops which will be referred to + a lot. + </para> + <para> + Finally, a discussion of hardware capabilities should be done + with references to other parts of the book. + </para> +<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order --> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw_flags +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_DEV +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_PERM_ADDR +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ops +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_alloc_hw +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_register_hw +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tx_led_name +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_rx_led_name +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_assoc_led_name +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_radio_led_name +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_unregister_hw +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_free_hw + </chapter> + + <chapter id="phy-handling"> + <title>PHY configuration</title> + <para>TBD</para> + <para> + This chapter should describe PHY handling including + start/stop callbacks and the various structures used. + </para> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf_flags + </chapter> + + <chapter id="iface-handling"> + <title>Virtual interfaces</title> + <para>TBD</para> + <para> + This chapter should describe virtual interface basics + that are relevant to the driver (VLANs, MGMT etc are not.) + It should explain the use of the add_iface/remove_iface + callbacks as well as the interface configuration callbacks. + </para> + <para>Things related to AP mode should be discussed there.</para> + <para> + Things related to supporting multiple interfaces should be + in the appropriate chapter, a BIG FAT note should be here about + this though and the recommendation to allow only a single + interface in STA mode at first! + </para> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_types +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_init_conf +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_conf + </chapter> + + <chapter id="rx-tx"> + <title>Receive and transmit processing</title> + <sect1> + <title>what should be here</title> + <para>TBD</para> + <para> + This should describe the receive and transmit + paths in mac80211/the drivers as well as + transmit status handling. + </para> + </sect1> + <sect1> + <title>Frame format</title> +!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame format + </sect1> + <sect1> + <title>Alignment issues</title> + <para>TBD</para> + </sect1> + <sect1> + <title>Calling into mac80211 from interrupts</title> +!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Calling mac80211 from interrupts + </sect1> + <sect1> + <title>functions/definitions</title> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_status +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rx_flags +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_control +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_flags +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_irqsafe +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_get +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_duration +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_get +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_duration +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_generic_frame_duration +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen_from_skb +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queue +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queue +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_queues +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queues +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queues + </sect1> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="filters"> + <title>Frame filtering</title> +!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame filtering +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_filter_flags + </chapter> + </part> + + <part id="advanced"> + <title>Advanced driver interface</title> + <partintro> + <para> + Information contained within this part of the book is + of interest only for advanced interaction of mac80211 + with drivers to exploit more hardware capabilities and + improve performance. + </para> + </partintro> + + <chapter id="hardware-crypto-offload"> + <title>Hardware crypto acceleration</title> +!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Hardware crypto acceleration +<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order --> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h set_key_cmd +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_conf +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_alg +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_flags + </chapter> + + <chapter id="qos"> + <title>Multiple queues and QoS support</title> + <para>TBD</para> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_params +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_stats_data +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue + </chapter> + + <chapter id="AP"> + <title>Access point mode support</title> + <para>TBD</para> + <para>Some parts of the if_conf should be discussed here instead</para> + <para> + Insert notes about VLAN interfaces with hw crypto here or + in the hw crypto chapter. + </para> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_buffered_bc +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_get + </chapter> + + <chapter id="multi-iface"> + <title>Supporting multiple virtual interfaces</title> + <para>TBD</para> + <para> + Note: WDS with identical MAC address should almost always be OK + </para> + <para> + Insert notes about having multiple virtual interfaces with + different MAC addresses here, note which configurations are + supported by mac80211, add notes about supporting hw crypto + with it. + </para> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="hardware-scan-offload"> + <title>Hardware scan offload</title> + <para>TBD</para> +!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_scan_completed + </chapter> + </part> + + <part id="rate-control"> + <title>Rate control interface</title> + <partintro> + <para>TBD</para> + <para> + This part of the book describes the rate control algorithm + interface and how it relates to mac80211 and drivers. + </para> + </partintro> + <chapter id="dummy"> + <title>dummy chapter</title> + <para>TBD</para> + </chapter> + </part> + + <part id="internal"> + <title>Internals</title> + <partintro> + <para>TBD</para> + <para> + This part of the book describes mac80211 internals. + </para> + </partintro> + + <chapter id="key-handling"> + <title>Key handling</title> + <sect1> + <title>Key handling basics</title> +!Pnet/mac80211/key.c Key handling basics + </sect1> + <sect1> + <title>MORE TBD</title> + <para>TBD</para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="rx-processing"> + <title>Receive processing</title> + <para>TBD</para> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="tx-processing"> + <title>Transmit processing</title> + <para>TBD</para> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="sta-info"> + <title>Station info handling</title> + <sect1> + <title>Programming information</title> +!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_info +!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h ieee80211_sta_info_flags + </sect1> + <sect1> + <title>STA information lifetime rules</title> +!Pnet/mac80211/sta_info.c STA information lifetime rules + </sect1> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="synchronisation"> + <title>Synchronisation</title> + <para>TBD</para> + <para>Locking, lots of RCU</para> + </chapter> + </part> +</book> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/rapidio.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/rapidio.tmpl index b9e143e28c6..54eb26b5737 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/rapidio.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/rapidio.tmpl @@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ !Idrivers/rapidio/rio-sysfs.c </sect1> <sect1 id="PPC32_support"><title>PPC32 support</title> -!Iarch/powerpc/kernel/rio.c !Earch/powerpc/sysdev/fsl_rio.c !Iarch/powerpc/sysdev/fsl_rio.c </sect1> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl index d4188d4ff53..eeff19ca831 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl @@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ useful documents, at the USB home page (see Resources). An excellent introduction to the Linux USB subsystem can be found at the USB Working Devices List (see Resources). It explains how the Linux USB subsystem is - structured and introduces the reader to the concept of USB urbs, which - are essential to USB drivers. + structured and introduces the reader to the concept of USB urbs + (USB Request Blocks), which are essential to USB drivers. </para> <para> The first thing a Linux USB driver needs to do is register itself with @@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ static int __init usb_skel_init(void) module_init(usb_skel_init); </programlisting> <para> - When the driver is unloaded from the system, it needs to unregister - itself with the USB subsystem. This is done with the usb_unregister + When the driver is unloaded from the system, it needs to deregister + itself with the USB subsystem. This is done with the usb_deregister function: </para> <programlisting> @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, were passed to the USB subsystem will be called from a user program trying to talk to the device. The first function called will be open, as the program tries to open the device for I/O. We increment our private usage - count and save off a pointer to our internal structure in the file + count and save a pointer to our internal structure in the file structure. This is done so that future calls to file operations will enable the driver to determine which device the user is addressing. All of this is done with the following code: @@ -252,8 +252,8 @@ file->private_data = dev; send to the device based on the size of the write urb it has created (this size depends on the size of the bulk out end point that the device has). Then it copies the data from user space to kernel space, points the urb to - the data and submits the urb to the USB subsystem. This can be shown in - he following code: + the data and submits the urb to the USB subsystem. This can be seen in + the following code: </para> <programlisting> /* we can only write as much as 1 urb will hold */ diff --git a/Documentation/HOWTO b/Documentation/HOWTO index 54835610b3d..0291ade44c1 100644 --- a/Documentation/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/HOWTO @@ -249,9 +249,11 @@ process is as follows: release a new -rc kernel every week. - Process continues until the kernel is considered "ready", the process should last around 6 weeks. - - A list of known regressions present in each -rc release is - tracked at the following URI: - http://kernelnewbies.org/known_regressions + - Known regressions in each release are periodically posted to the + linux-kernel mailing list. The goal is to reduce the length of + that list to zero before declaring the kernel to be "ready," but, in + the real world, a small number of regressions often remain at + release time. It is worth mentioning what Andrew Morton wrote on the linux-kernel mailing list about kernel releases: @@ -261,7 +263,7 @@ mailing list about kernel releases: 2.6.x.y -stable kernel tree --------------------------- -Kernels with 4 digit versions are -stable kernels. They contain +Kernels with 4-part versions are -stable kernels. They contain relatively small and critical fixes for security problems or significant regressions discovered in a given 2.6.x kernel. @@ -273,7 +275,10 @@ If no 2.6.x.y kernel is available, then the highest numbered 2.6.x kernel is the current stable kernel. 2.6.x.y are maintained by the "stable" team <stable@kernel.org>, and are -released almost every other week. +released as needs dictate. The normal release period is approximately +two weeks, but it can be longer if there are no pressing problems. A +security-related problem, instead, can cause a release to happen almost +instantly. The file Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt in the kernel tree documents what kinds of changes are acceptable for the -stable tree, and @@ -298,7 +303,9 @@ a while Andrew or the subsystem maintainer pushes it on to Linus for inclusion in mainline. It is heavily encouraged that all new patches get tested in the -mm tree -before they are sent to Linus for inclusion in the main kernel tree. +before they are sent to Linus for inclusion in the main kernel tree. Code +which does not make an appearance in -mm before the opening of the merge +window will prove hard to merge into the mainline. These kernels are not appropriate for use on systems that are supposed to be stable and they are more risky to run than any of the other @@ -354,11 +361,12 @@ Here is a list of some of the different kernel trees available: - SCSI, James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@SteelEye.com> git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-misc-2.6.git + - x86, Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> + git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/x86/linux-2.6-x86.git + quilt trees: - - USB, PCI, Driver Core, and I2C, Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> + - USB, Driver Core, and I2C, Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/gregkh/gregkh-2.6/ - - x86-64, partly i386, Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> - ftp.firstfloor.org:/pub/ak/x86_64/quilt/ Other kernel trees can be found listed at http://git.kernel.org/ and in the MAINTAINERS file. @@ -392,8 +400,8 @@ If you want to be advised of the future bug reports, you can subscribe to the bugme-new mailing list (only new bug reports are mailed here) or to the bugme-janitor mailing list (every change in the bugzilla is mailed here) - http://lists.osdl.org/mailman/listinfo/bugme-new - http://lists.osdl.org/mailman/listinfo/bugme-janitors + http://lists.linux-foundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bugme-new + http://lists.linux-foundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bugme-janitors diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX b/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..49f43946c6b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +00-INDEX + - this file +PCI-DMA-mapping.txt + - info for PCI drivers using DMA portably across all platforms +PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt + - a guide describing the PCI Express Port Bus driver +pci-error-recovery.txt + - info on PCI error recovery +pci.txt + - info on the PCI subsystem for device driver authors +pcieaer-howto.txt + - the PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO diff --git a/Documentation/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/PCI/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt index c93f42a74d7..9a07e38631b 100644 --- a/Documentation/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/PCI/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt @@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ advantages of using the PCI Express Port Bus driver are listed below: - Allow service drivers implemented in an independent staged approach. - + - Allow one service driver to run on multiple PCI-PCI Bridge - Port devices. + Port devices. - Manage and distribute resources of a PCI-PCI Bridge Port device to requested service drivers. @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Model requires some minimal changes on existing service drivers that imposes no impact on the functionality of existing service drivers. A service driver is required to use the two APIs shown below to -register its service with the PCI Express Port Bus driver (see +register its service with the PCI Express Port Bus driver (see section 5.2.1 & 5.2.2). It is important that a service driver initializes the pcie_port_service_driver data structure, included in header file /include/linux/pcieport_if.h, before calling these APIs. @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ driver. static int __init aerdrv_service_init(void) { int retval = 0; - + retval = pcie_port_service_register(&root_aerdrv); if (!retval) { /* @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ static int __init aerdrv_service_init(void) return retval; } -static void __exit aerdrv_service_exit(void) +static void __exit aerdrv_service_exit(void) { pcie_port_service_unregister(&root_aerdrv); } @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ same physical Root Port. Both service drivers call pci_enable_msi to request MSI based interrupts. A service driver may not know whether any other service drivers have run on this Root Port. If either one of them calls pci_disable_msi, it puts the other service driver -in a wrong interrupt mode. +in a wrong interrupt mode. To avoid this situation all service drivers are not permitted to switch interrupt mode on its device. The PCI Express Port Bus driver diff --git a/Documentation/pci-error-recovery.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt index 6650af43252..6650af43252 100644 --- a/Documentation/pci-error-recovery.txt +++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt diff --git a/Documentation/pci.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt index d2c2e6e2b22..8d4dc6250c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/pci.txt +++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ initialization with a pointer to a structure describing the driver the power state of a device before reboot. e.g. drivers/net/e100.c. - err_handler See Documentation/pci-error-recovery.txt + err_handler See Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt The ID table is an array of struct pci_device_id entries ending with an diff --git a/Documentation/pcieaer-howto.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt index d5da8617010..16c251230c8 100644 --- a/Documentation/pcieaer-howto.txt +++ b/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Reporting (AER) driver and provides information on how to use it, as well as how to enable the drivers of endpoint devices to conform with PCI Express AER driver. -1.2 Copyright © Intel Corporation 2006. +1.2 Copyright © Intel Corporation 2006. 1.3 What is the PCI Express AER Driver? diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index 1fc4e7144dc..9c93a03ea33 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ Even if the maintainer did not respond in step #4, make sure to ALWAYS copy the maintainer when you change their code. For small patches you may want to CC the Trivial Patch Monkey -trivial@kernel.org managed by Adrian Bunk; which collects "trivial" +trivial@kernel.org managed by Jesper Juhl; which collects "trivial" patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules: Spelling fixes in documentation Spelling fixes which could break grep(1) @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules: since people copy, as long as it's trivial) Any fix by the author/maintainer of the file (ie. patch monkey in re-transmission mode) -URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/bunk/trivial/> +URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/juhl/trivial/> diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/NAND.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/NAND.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bc478a3409b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/NAND.txt @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + S3C24XX NAND Support + ==================== + +Introduction +------------ + +Small Page NAND +--------------- + +The driver uses a 512 byte (1 page) ECC code for this setup. The +ECC code is not directly compatible with the default kernel ECC +code, so the driver enforces its own OOB layout and ECC parameters + +Large Page NAND +--------------- + +The driver is capable of handling NAND flash with a 2KiB page +size, with support for hardware ECC generation and correction. + +Unlike the 512byte page mode, the driver generates ECC data for +each 256 byte block in an 2KiB page. This means that more than +one error in a page can be rectified. It also means that the +OOB layout remains the default kernel layout for these flashes. + + +Document Author +--------------- + +Ben Dooks, Copyright 2007 Simtec Electronics + diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt index c31b76fa66c..d04e1e30c47 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt @@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ NAND controller. If there are any problems the latest linux-mtd code can be found from http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ + For more information see Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/NAND.txt + Serial ------ diff --git a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt index 93f223b9723..4dbb8be1c99 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt @@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ lock themselves, if required. Drivers that explicitly used the io_request_lock for serialization need to be modified accordingly. Usually it's as easy as adding a global lock: - static spinlock_t my_driver_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED; + static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(my_driver_lock); and passing the address to that lock to blk_init_queue(). diff --git a/Documentation/braille-console.txt b/Documentation/braille-console.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..000b0fbdc10 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/braille-console.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + Linux Braille Console + +To get early boot messages on a braille device (before userspace screen +readers can start), you first need to compile the support for the usual serial +console (see serial-console.txt), and for braille device (in Device Drivers - +Accessibility). + +Then you need to specify a console=brl, option on the kernel command line, the +format is: + + console=brl,serial_options... + +where serial_options... are the same as described in serial-console.txt + +So for instance you can use console=brl,ttyS0 if the braille device is connected +to the first serial port, and console=brl,ttyS0,115200 to override the baud rate +to 115200, etc. + +By default, the braille device will just show the last kernel message (console +mode). To review previous messages, press the Insert key to switch to the VT +review mode. In review mode, the arrow keys permit to browse in the VT content, +page up/down keys go at the top/bottom of the screen, and the home key goes back +to the cursor, hence providing very basic screen reviewing facility. + +Sound feedback can be obtained by adding the braille_console.sound=1 kernel +parameter. + +For simplicity, only one braille console can be enabled, other uses of +console=brl,... will be discarded. Also note that it does not interfere with +the console selection mecanism described in serial-console.txt + +For now, only the VisioBraille device is supported. + +Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> diff --git a/Documentation/cdrom/cdrom-standard.tex b/Documentation/cdrom/cdrom-standard.tex index c713aeb020c..c06233fe52a 100644 --- a/Documentation/cdrom/cdrom-standard.tex +++ b/Documentation/cdrom/cdrom-standard.tex @@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ Note that a driver must have one static structure, $<device>_dops$, while it may have as many structures $<device>_info$ as there are minor devices active. $Register_cdrom()$ builds a linked list from these. -\subsection{$Int\ unregister_cdrom(struct\ cdrom_device_info * cdi)$} +\subsection{$Void\ unregister_cdrom(struct\ cdrom_device_info * cdi)$} Unregistering device $cdi$ with minor number $MINOR(cdi\to dev)$ removes the minor device from the list. If it was the last registered minor for diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups.txt b/Documentation/cgroups.txt index 31d12e21ff8..c298a6690e0 100644 --- a/Documentation/cgroups.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups.txt @@ -500,8 +500,7 @@ post-attachment activity that requires memory allocations or blocking. void fork(struct cgroup_subsy *ss, struct task_struct *task) -Called when a task is forked into a cgroup. Also called during -registration for all existing tasks. +Called when a task is forked into a cgroup. void exit(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct task_struct *task) diff --git a/Documentation/cli-sti-removal.txt b/Documentation/cli-sti-removal.txt index 0223c9d2033..60932b02fcb 100644 --- a/Documentation/cli-sti-removal.txt +++ b/Documentation/cli-sti-removal.txt @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ would execute while the cli()-ed section is executing. but from now on a more direct method of locking has to be used: - spinlock_t driver_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED; + DEFINE_SPINLOCK(driver_lock); struct driver_data; irq_handler (...) diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt b/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4dcea42432c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +Device Whitelist Controller + +1. Description: + +Implement a cgroup to track and enforce open and mknod restrictions +on device files. A device cgroup associates a device access +whitelist with each cgroup. A whitelist entry has 4 fields. +'type' is a (all), c (char), or b (block). 'all' means it applies +to all types and all major and minor numbers. Major and minor are +either an integer or * for all. Access is a composition of r +(read), w (write), and m (mknod). + +The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child device +cgroup gets a copy of the parent. Administrators can then remove +devices from the whitelist or add new entries. A child cgroup can +never receive a device access which is denied its parent. However +when a device access is removed from a parent it will not also be +removed from the child(ren). + +2. User Interface + +An entry is added using devices.allow, and removed using +devices.deny. For instance + + echo 'c 1:3 mr' > /cgroups/1/devices.allow + +allows cgroup 1 to read and mknod the device usually known as +/dev/null. Doing + + echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.deny + +will remove the default 'a *:* mrw' entry. + +3. Security + +Any task can move itself between cgroups. This clearly won't +suffice, but we can decide the best way to adequately restrict +movement as people get some experience with this. We may just want +to require CAP_SYS_ADMIN, which at least is a separate bit from +CAP_MKNOD. We may want to just refuse moving to a cgroup which +isn't a descendent of the current one. Or we may want to use +CAP_MAC_ADMIN, since we really are trying to lock down root. + +CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to modify the whitelist or move another +task to a new cgroup. (Again we'll probably want to change that). + +A cgroup may not be granted more permissions than the cgroup's +parent has. diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/resource_counter.txt b/Documentation/controllers/resource_counter.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f196ac1d7d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/controllers/resource_counter.txt @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ + + The Resource Counter + +The resource counter, declared at include/linux/res_counter.h, +is supposed to facilitate the resource management by controllers +by providing common stuff for accounting. + +This "stuff" includes the res_counter structure and routines +to work with it. + + + +1. Crucial parts of the res_counter structure + + a. unsigned long long usage + + The usage value shows the amount of a resource that is consumed + by a group at a given time. The units of measurement should be + determined by the controller that uses this counter. E.g. it can + be bytes, items or any other unit the controller operates on. + + b. unsigned long long max_usage + + The maximal value of the usage over time. + + This value is useful when gathering statistical information about + the particular group, as it shows the actual resource requirements + for a particular group, not just some usage snapshot. + + c. unsigned long long limit + + The maximal allowed amount of resource to consume by the group. In + case the group requests for more resources, so that the usage value + would exceed the limit, the resource allocation is rejected (see + the next section). + + d. unsigned long long failcnt + + The failcnt stands for "failures counter". This is the number of + resource allocation attempts that failed. + + c. spinlock_t lock + + Protects changes of the above values. + + + +2. Basic accounting routines + + a. void res_counter_init(struct res_counter *rc) + + Initializes the resource counter. As usual, should be the first + routine called for a new counter. + + b. int res_counter_charge[_locked] + (struct res_counter *rc, unsigned long val) + + When a resource is about to be allocated it has to be accounted + with the appropriate resource counter (controller should determine + which one to use on its own). This operation is called "charging". + + This is not very important which operation - resource allocation + or charging - is performed first, but + * if the allocation is performed first, this may create a + temporary resource over-usage by the time resource counter is + charged; + * if the charging is performed first, then it should be uncharged + on error path (if the one is called). + + c. void res_counter_uncharge[_locked] + (struct res_counter *rc, unsigned long val) + + When a resource is released (freed) it should be de-accounted + from the resource counter it was accounted to. This is called + "uncharging". + + The _locked routines imply that the res_counter->lock is taken. + + + 2.1 Other accounting routines + + There are more routines that may help you with common needs, like + checking whether the limit is reached or resetting the max_usage + value. They are all declared in include/linux/res_counter.h. + + + +3. Analyzing the resource counter registrations + + a. If the failcnt value constantly grows, this means that the counter's + limit is too tight. Either the group is misbehaving and consumes too + many resources, or the configuration is not suitable for the group + and the limit should be increased. + + b. The max_usage value can be used to quickly tune the group. One may + set the limits to maximal values and either load the container with + a common pattern or leave one for a while. After this the max_usage + value shows the amount of memory the container would require during + its common activity. + + Setting the limit a bit above this value gives a pretty good + configuration that works in most of the cases. + + c. If the max_usage is much less than the limit, but the failcnt value + is growing, then the group tries to allocate a big chunk of resource + at once. + + d. If the max_usage is much less than the limit, but the failcnt value + is 0, then this group is given too high limit, that it does not + require. It is better to lower the limit a bit leaving more resource + for other groups. + + + +4. Communication with the control groups subsystem (cgroups) + +All the resource controllers that are using cgroups and resource counters +should provide files (in the cgroup filesystem) to work with the resource +counter fields. They are recommended to adhere to the following rules: + + a. File names + + Field name File name + --------------------------------------------------- + usage usage_in_<unit_of_measurement> + max_usage max_usage_in_<unit_of_measurement> + limit limit_in_<unit_of_measurement> + failcnt failcnt + lock no file :) + + b. Reading from file should show the corresponding field value in the + appropriate format. + + c. Writing to file + + Field Expected behavior + ---------------------------------- + usage prohibited + max_usage reset to usage + limit set the limit + failcnt reset to zero + + + +5. Usage example + + a. Declare a task group (take a look at cgroups subsystem for this) and + fold a res_counter into it + + struct my_group { + struct res_counter res; + + <other fields> + } + + b. Put hooks in resource allocation/release paths + + int alloc_something(...) + { + if (res_counter_charge(res_counter_ptr, amount) < 0) + return -ENOMEM; + + <allocate the resource and return to the caller> + } + + void release_something(...) + { + res_counter_uncharge(res_counter_ptr, amount); + + <release the resource> + } + + In order to keep the usage value self-consistent, both the + "res_counter_ptr" and the "amount" in release_something() should be + the same as they were in the alloc_something() when the releasing + resource was allocated. + + c. Provide the way to read res_counter values and set them (the cgroups + still can help with it). + + c. Compile and run :) diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt index af3b925ece0..6c442d8426b 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt @@ -154,6 +154,11 @@ scaling_governor, and by "echoing" the name of another that some governors won't load - they only work on some specific architectures or processors. + +cpuinfo_cur_freq : Current speed of the CPU, in KHz. + +scaling_available_frequencies : List of available frequencies, in KHz. + scaling_min_freq and scaling_max_freq show the current "policy limits" (in kHz). By echoing new values into these @@ -162,6 +167,15 @@ scaling_max_freq show the current "policy limits" (in first set scaling_max_freq, then scaling_min_freq. +affected_cpus : List of CPUs that require software coordination + of frequency. + +related_cpus : List of CPUs that need some sort of frequency + coordination, whether software or hardware. + +scaling_driver : Hardware driver for cpufreq. + +scaling_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU, in KHz. If you have selected the "userspace" governor which allows you to set the CPU operating frequency to a specific value, you can read out diff --git a/Documentation/cpusets.txt b/Documentation/cpusets.txt index ad2bb3b3acc..fb7b361e6ee 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpusets.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpusets.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Modified by Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Modified by Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Modified by Paul Menage <menage@google.com> +Modified by Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com> CONTENTS: ========= @@ -20,7 +21,8 @@ CONTENTS: 1.5 What is memory_pressure ? 1.6 What is memory spread ? 1.7 What is sched_load_balance ? - 1.8 How do I use cpusets ? + 1.8 What is sched_relax_domain_level ? + 1.9 How do I use cpusets ? 2. Usage Examples and Syntax 2.1 Basic Usage 2.2 Adding/removing cpus @@ -169,6 +171,7 @@ files describing that cpuset: - memory_migrate flag: if set, move pages to cpusets nodes - cpu_exclusive flag: is cpu placement exclusive? - mem_exclusive flag: is memory placement exclusive? + - mem_hardwall flag: is memory allocation hardwalled - memory_pressure: measure of how much paging pressure in cpuset In addition, the root cpuset only has the following file: @@ -220,17 +223,18 @@ If a cpuset is cpu or mem exclusive, no other cpuset, other than a direct ancestor or descendent, may share any of the same CPUs or Memory Nodes. -A cpuset that is mem_exclusive restricts kernel allocations for -page, buffer and other data commonly shared by the kernel across -multiple users. All cpusets, whether mem_exclusive or not, restrict -allocations of memory for user space. This enables configuring a -system so that several independent jobs can share common kernel data, -such as file system pages, while isolating each jobs user allocation in -its own cpuset. To do this, construct a large mem_exclusive cpuset to -hold all the jobs, and construct child, non-mem_exclusive cpusets for -each individual job. Only a small amount of typical kernel memory, -such as requests from interrupt handlers, is allowed to be taken -outside even a mem_exclusive cpuset. +A cpuset that is mem_exclusive *or* mem_hardwall is "hardwalled", +i.e. it restricts kernel allocations for page, buffer and other data +commonly shared by the kernel across multiple users. All cpusets, +whether hardwalled or not, restrict allocations of memory for user +space. This enables configuring a system so that several independent +jobs can share common kernel data, such as file system pages, while +isolating each job's user allocation in its own cpuset. To do this, +construct a large mem_exclusive cpuset to hold all the jobs, and +construct child, non-mem_exclusive cpusets for each individual job. +Only a small amount of typical kernel memory, such as requests from +interrupt handlers, is allowed to be taken outside even a +mem_exclusive cpuset. 1.5 What is memory_pressure ? @@ -497,7 +501,73 @@ the cpuset code to update these sched domains, it compares the new partition requested with the current, and updates its sched domains, removing the old and adding the new, for each change. -1.8 How do I use cpusets ? + +1.8 What is sched_relax_domain_level ? +-------------------------------------- + +In sched domain, the scheduler migrates tasks in 2 ways; periodic load +balance on tick, and at time of some schedule events. + +When a task is woken up, scheduler try to move the task on idle CPU. +For example, if a task A running on CPU X activates another task B +on the same CPU X, and if CPU Y is X's sibling and performing idle, +then scheduler migrate task B to CPU Y so that task B can start on +CPU Y without waiting task A on CPU X. + +And if a CPU run out of tasks in its runqueue, the CPU try to pull +extra tasks from other busy CPUs to help them before it is going to +be idle. + +Of course it takes some searching cost to find movable tasks and/or +idle CPUs, the scheduler might not search all CPUs in the domain +everytime. In fact, in some architectures, the searching ranges on +events are limited in the same socket or node where the CPU locates, +while the load balance on tick searchs all. + +For example, assume CPU Z is relatively far from CPU X. Even if CPU Z +is idle while CPU X and the siblings are busy, scheduler can't migrate +woken task B from X to Z since it is out of its searching range. +As the result, task B on CPU X need to wait task A or wait load balance +on the next tick. For some applications in special situation, waiting +1 tick may be too long. + +The 'sched_relax_domain_level' file allows you to request changing +this searching range as you like. This file takes int value which +indicates size of searching range in levels ideally as follows, +otherwise initial value -1 that indicates the cpuset has no request. + + -1 : no request. use system default or follow request of others. + 0 : no search. + 1 : search siblings (hyperthreads in a core). + 2 : search cores in a package. + 3 : search cpus in a node [= system wide on non-NUMA system] + ( 4 : search nodes in a chunk of node [on NUMA system] ) + ( 5~ : search system wide [on NUMA system]) + +This file is per-cpuset and affect the sched domain where the cpuset +belongs to. Therefore if the flag 'sched_load_balance' of a cpuset +is disabled, then 'sched_relax_domain_level' have no effect since +there is no sched domain belonging the cpuset. + +If multiple cpusets are overlapping and hence they form a single sched +domain, the largest value among those is used. Be careful, if one +requests 0 and others are -1 then 0 is used. + +Note that modifying this file will have both good and bad effects, +and whether it is acceptable or not will be depend on your situation. +Don't modify this file if you are not sure. + +If your situation is: + - The migration costs between each cpu can be assumed considerably + small(for you) due to your special application's behavior or + special hardware support for CPU cache etc. + - The searching cost doesn't have impact(for you) or you can make + the searching cost enough small by managing cpuset to compact etc. + - The latency is required even it sacrifices cache hit rate etc. +then increasing 'sched_relax_domain_level' would benefit you. + + +1.9 How do I use cpusets ? -------------------------- In order to minimize the impact of cpusets on critical kernel @@ -639,7 +709,7 @@ Now you want to do something with this cpuset. In this directory you can find several files: # ls -cpus cpu_exclusive mems mem_exclusive tasks +cpus cpu_exclusive mems mem_exclusive mem_hardwall tasks Reading them will give you information about the state of this cpuset: the CPUs and Memory Nodes it can use, the processes that are using diff --git a/Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt b/Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt index c360d4e91b4..59a91e5c690 100644 --- a/Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt +++ b/Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt @@ -41,15 +41,19 @@ to a working state and enables physical DMA by default for all remote nodes. This can be turned off by ohci1394's module parameter phys_dma=0. The alternative firewire-ohci driver in drivers/firewire uses filtered physical -DMA, hence is not yet suitable for remote debugging. +DMA by default, which is more secure but not suitable for remote debugging. +Compile the driver with CONFIG_FIREWIRE_OHCI_REMOTE_DMA (Kernel hacking menu: +Remote debugging over FireWire with firewire-ohci) to get unfiltered physical +DMA. -Because ohci1394 depends on the PCI enumeration to be completed, an -initialization routine which runs pretty early (long before console_init() -which makes the printk buffer appear on the console can be called) was written. +Because ohci1394 and firewire-ohci depend on the PCI enumeration to be +completed, an initialization routine which runs pretty early has been +implemented for x86. This routine runs long before console_init() can be +called, i.e. before the printk buffer appears on the console. To activate it, enable CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT (Kernel hacking menu: -Provide code for enabling DMA over FireWire early on boot) and pass the -parameter "ohci1394_dma=early" to the recompiled kernel on boot. +Remote debugging over FireWire early on boot) and pass the parameter +"ohci1394_dma=early" to the recompiled kernel on boot. Tools ----- diff --git a/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt b/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6680cab2c70 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +dm-crypt +========= + +Device-Mapper's "crypt" target provides transparent encryption of block devices +using the kernel crypto API. + +Parameters: <cipher> <key> <iv_offset> <device path> <offset> + +<cipher> + Encryption cipher and an optional IV generation mode. + (In format cipher-chainmode-ivopts:ivmode). + Examples: + des + aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 + twofish-ecb + + /proc/crypto contains supported crypto modes + +<key> + Key used for encryption. It is encoded as a hexadecimal number. + You can only use key sizes that are valid for the selected cipher. + +<iv_offset> + The IV offset is a sector count that is added to the sector number + before creating the IV. + +<device path> + This is the device that is going to be used as backend and contains the + encrypted data. You can specify it as a path like /dev/xxx or a device + number <major>:<minor>. + +<offset> + Starting sector within the device where the encrypted data begins. + +Example scripts +=============== +LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is now the preferred way to set up disk +encryption with dm-crypt using the 'cryptsetup' utility, see +http://luks.endorphin.org/ + +[[ +#!/bin/sh +# Create a crypt device using dmsetup +dmsetup create crypt1 --table "0 `blockdev --getsize $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 babebabebabebabebabebabebabebabe 0 $1 0" +]] + +[[ +#!/bin/sh +# Create a crypt device using cryptsetup and LUKS header with default cipher +cryptsetup luksFormat $1 +cryptsetup luksOpen $1 crypt1 +]] diff --git a/Documentation/dontdiff b/Documentation/dontdiff index c09a96b9935..881e6dd03ae 100644 --- a/Documentation/dontdiff +++ b/Documentation/dontdiff @@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ .mm 53c700_d.h 53c8xx_d.h* -BitKeeper COPYING CREDITS CVS @@ -142,6 +141,7 @@ mkprep mktables mktree modpost +modules.order modversions.h* offset.h offsets.h @@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ sm_tbl* split-include tags tftpboot.img +timeconst.h times.h* tkparse trix_boot.h diff --git a/Documentation/early-userspace/README b/Documentation/early-userspace/README index 766d320c8eb..e35d8305219 100644 --- a/Documentation/early-userspace/README +++ b/Documentation/early-userspace/README @@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ the 2.7 era (it missed the boat for 2.5). You can obtain somewhat infrequent snapshots of klibc from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ -For active users, you are better off using the klibc BitKeeper -repositories, at http://klibc.bkbits.net/ +For active users, you are better off using the klibc git +repository, at http://git.kernel.org/?p=libs/klibc/klibc.git The standalone klibc distribution currently provides three components, in addition to the klibc library: diff --git a/Documentation/fb/gxfb.txt b/Documentation/fb/gxfb.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2f640903bbb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/fb/gxfb.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +[This file is cloned from VesaFB/aty128fb] + +What is gxfb? +================= + +This is a graphics framebuffer driver for AMD Geode GX2 based processors. + +Advantages: + + * No need to use AMD's VSA code (or other VESA emulation layer) in the + BIOS. + * It provides a nice large console (128 cols + 48 lines with 1024x768) + without using tiny, unreadable fonts. + * You can run XF68_FBDev on top of /dev/fb0 + * Most important: boot logo :-) + +Disadvantages: + + * graphic mode is slower than text mode... + + +How to use it? +============== + +Switching modes is done using gxfb.mode_option=<resolution>... boot +parameter or using `fbset' program. + +See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt for more information on modedb +resolutions. + + +X11 +=== + +XF68_FBDev should generally work fine, but it is non-accelerated. + + +Configuration +============= + +You can pass kernel command line options to gxfb with gxfb.<option>. +For example, gxfb.mode_option=800x600@75. +Accepted options: + +mode_option - specify the video mode. Of the form + <x>x<y>[-<bpp>][@<refresh>] +vram - size of video ram (normally auto-detected) +vt_switch - enable vt switching during suspend/resume. The vt + switch is slow, but harmless. + +-- +Andres Salomon <dilinger@debian.org> diff --git a/Documentation/fb/intelfb.txt b/Documentation/fb/intelfb.txt index da5ee74219e..27a3160650a 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/intelfb.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/intelfb.txt @@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ graphics devices. These would include: Intel 915GM Intel 945G Intel 945GM + Intel 965G + Intel 965GM B. List of available options diff --git a/Documentation/fb/lxfb.txt b/Documentation/fb/lxfb.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..38b3ca6f6ca --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/fb/lxfb.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +[This file is cloned from VesaFB/aty128fb] + +What is lxfb? +================= + +This is a graphics framebuffer driver for AMD Geode LX based processors. + +Advantages: + + * No need to use AMD's VSA code (or other VESA emulation layer) in the + BIOS. + * It provides a nice large console (128 cols + 48 lines with 1024x768) + without using tiny, unreadable fonts. + * You can run XF68_FBDev on top of /dev/fb0 + * Most important: boot logo :-) + +Disadvantages: + + * graphic mode is slower than text mode... + + +How to use it? +============== + +Switching modes is done using lxfb.mode_option=<resolution>... boot +parameter or using `fbset' program. + +See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt for more information on modedb +resolutions. + + +X11 +=== + +XF68_FBDev should generally work fine, but it is non-accelerated. + + +Configuration +============= + +You can pass kernel command line options to lxfb with lxfb.<option>. +For example, lxfb.mode_option=800x600@75. +Accepted options: + +mode_option - specify the video mode. Of the form + <x>x<y>[-<bpp>][@<refresh>] +vram - size of video ram (normally auto-detected) +vt_switch - enable vt switching during suspend/resume. The vt + switch is slow, but harmless. + +-- +Andres Salomon <dilinger@debian.org> diff --git a/Documentation/fb/metronomefb.txt b/Documentation/fb/metronomefb.txt index b9a2e7b7e83..237ca412582 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/metronomefb.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/metronomefb.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Metronomefb ----------- Maintained by Jaya Kumar <jayakumar.lkml.gmail.com> -Last revised: Nov 20, 2007 +Last revised: Mar 10, 2008 Metronomefb is a driver for the Metronome display controller. The controller is from E-Ink Corporation. It is intended to be used to drive the E-Ink @@ -11,20 +11,18 @@ display media here http://www.e-ink.com/products/matrix/metronome.html . Metronome is interfaced to the host CPU through the AMLCD interface. The host CPU generates the control information and the image in a framebuffer which is then delivered to the AMLCD interface by a host specific method. -Currently, that's implemented for the PXA's LCDC controller. The display and -error status are each pulled through individual GPIOs. +The display and error status are each pulled through individual GPIOs. -Metronomefb was written for the PXA255/gumstix/lyre combination and -therefore currently has board set specific code in it. If other boards based on -other architectures are available, then the host specific code can be separated -and abstracted out. +Metronomefb is platform independent and depends on a board specific driver +to do all physical IO work. Currently, an example is implemented for the +PXA board used in the AM-200 EPD devkit. This example is am200epd.c Metronomefb requires waveform information which is delivered via the AMLCD interface to the metronome controller. The waveform information is expected to be delivered from userspace via the firmware class interface. The waveform file can be compressed as long as your udev or hotplug script is aware of the need -to uncompress it before delivering it. metronomefb will ask for waveform.wbf -which would typically go into /lib/firmware/waveform.wbf depending on your +to uncompress it before delivering it. metronomefb will ask for metronome.wbf +which would typically go into /lib/firmware/metronome.wbf depending on your udev/hotplug setup. I have only tested with a single waveform file which was originally labeled 23P01201_60_WT0107_MTC. I do not know what it stands for. Caution should be exercised when manipulating the waveform as there may be diff --git a/Documentation/fb/modedb.txt b/Documentation/fb/modedb.txt index 4fcdb4cf4cc..ec4dee75a35 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/modedb.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/modedb.txt @@ -125,8 +125,12 @@ There may be more modes. amifb - Amiga chipset frame buffer aty128fb - ATI Rage128 / Pro frame buffer atyfb - ATI Mach64 frame buffer + pm2fb - Permedia 2/2V frame buffer + pm3fb - Permedia 3 frame buffer + sstfb - Voodoo 1/2 (SST1) chipset frame buffer tdfxfb - 3D Fx frame buffer tridentfb - Trident (Cyber)blade chipset frame buffer + vt8623fb - VIA 8623 frame buffer BTW, only a few drivers use this at the moment. Others are to follow (feel free to send patches). diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index bf0e3df8e7a..3c35d452b1a 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -128,15 +128,6 @@ Who: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> --------------------------- -What: vm_ops.nopage -When: Soon, provided in-kernel callers have been converted -Why: This interface is replaced by vm_ops.fault, but it has been around - forever, is used by a lot of drivers, and doesn't cost much to - maintain. -Who: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> - ---------------------------- - What: PHYSDEVPATH, PHYSDEVBUS, PHYSDEVDRIVER in the uevent environment When: October 2008 Why: The stacking of class devices makes these values misleading and @@ -147,6 +138,24 @@ Who: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@suse.de> --------------------------- +What: find_task_by_pid +When: 2.6.26 +Why: With pid namespaces, calling this funciton will return the + wrong task when called from inside a namespace. + + The best way to save a task pid and find a task by this + pid later, is to find this task's struct pid pointer (or get + it directly from the task) and call pid_task() later. + + If someone really needs to get a task by its pid_t, then + he most likely needs the find_task_by_vpid() to get the + task from the same namespace as the current task is in, but + this may be not so in general. + +Who: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> + +--------------------------- + What: ACPI procfs interface When: July 2008 Why: ACPI sysfs conversion should be finished by January 2008. @@ -203,16 +212,8 @@ Who: linuxppc-dev@ozlabs.org --------------------------- -What: sk98lin network driver -When: Feburary 2008 -Why: In kernel tree version of driver is unmaintained. Sk98lin driver - replaced by the skge driver. -Who: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org> - ---------------------------- - What: i386/x86_64 bzImage symlinks -When: April 2008 +When: April 2010 Why: The i386/x86_64 merge provides a symlink to the old bzImage location so not yet updated user space tools, e.g. package @@ -221,8 +222,6 @@ Who: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> --------------------------- ---------------------------- - What: i2c-i810, i2c-prosavage and i2c-savage4 When: May 2008 Why: These drivers are superseded by i810fb, intelfb and savagefb. @@ -230,33 +229,6 @@ Who: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> --------------------------- -What: bcm43xx wireless network driver -When: 2.6.26 -Files: drivers/net/wireless/bcm43xx -Why: This driver's functionality has been replaced by the - mac80211-based b43 and b43legacy drivers. -Who: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com> - ---------------------------- - -What: ieee80211 softmac wireless networking component -When: 2.6.26 (or after removal of bcm43xx and port of zd1211rw to mac80211) -Files: net/ieee80211/softmac -Why: No in-kernel drivers will depend on it any longer. -Who: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com> - ---------------------------- - -What: rc80211-simple rate control algorithm for mac80211 -When: 2.6.26 -Files: net/mac80211/rc80211-simple.c -Why: This algorithm was provided for reference but always exhibited bad - responsiveness and performance and has some serious flaws. It has been - replaced by rc80211-pid. -Who: Stefano Brivio <stefano.brivio@polimi.it> - ---------------------------- - What (Why): - include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_TOS.h ipt_tos.h header files (superseded by xt_TOS/xt_tos target & match) @@ -298,17 +270,6 @@ Who: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de> --------------------------- -What: Solaris/SunOS syscall and binary support on Sparc -When: 2.6.26 -Why: Largely unmaintained and almost entirely unused. File system - layering used to divert library and dynamic linker searches to - /usr/gnemul is extremely buggy and unfixable. Making it work - is largely pointless as without a lot of work only the most - trivial of Solaris binaries can work with the emulation code. -Who: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> - ---------------------------- - What: init_mm export When: 2.6.26 Why: Not used in-tree. The current out-of-tree users used it to @@ -318,3 +279,28 @@ Why: Not used in-tree. The current out-of-tree users used it to code / infrastructure should be in the kernel and not in some out-of-tree driver. Who: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> + +---------------------------- + +What: usedac i386 kernel parameter +When: 2.6.27 +Why: replaced by allowdac and no dac combination +Who: Glauber Costa <gcosta@redhat.com> + +--------------------------- + +What: /sys/o2cb symlink +When: January 2010 +Why: /sys/fs/o2cb is the proper location for this information - /sys/o2cb + exists as a symlink for backwards compatibility for old versions of + ocfs2-tools. 2 years should be sufficient time to phase in new versions + which know to look in /sys/fs/o2cb. +Who: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com + +--------------------------- + +What: asm/semaphore.h +When: 2.6.26 +Why: Implementation became generic; users should now include + linux/semaphore.h instead. +Who: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking index 42d4b30b104..c2992bc54f2 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking @@ -511,7 +511,6 @@ prototypes: void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct*); void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct*); int (*fault)(struct vm_area_struct*, struct vm_fault *); - struct page *(*nopage)(struct vm_area_struct*, unsigned long, int *); int (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *, struct page *); locking rules: @@ -519,7 +518,6 @@ locking rules: open: no yes close: no yes fault: no yes -nopage: no yes page_mkwrite: no yes no ->page_mkwrite() is called when a previously read-only page is @@ -537,4 +535,3 @@ NULL. ipc/shm.c::shm_delete() - may need BKL. ->read() and ->write() in many drivers are (probably) missing BKL. -drivers/sgi/char/graphics.c::sgi_graphics_nopage() - may need BKL. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d0ec45ae4e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +################################################################################ +# # +# NFS/RDMA README # +# # +################################################################################ + + Author: NetApp and Open Grid Computing + Date: April 15, 2008 + +Table of Contents +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + - Overview + - Getting Help + - Installation + - Check RDMA and NFS Setup + - NFS/RDMA Setup + +Overview +~~~~~~~~ + + This document describes how to install and setup the Linux NFS/RDMA client + and server software. + + The NFS/RDMA client was first included in Linux 2.6.24. The NFS/RDMA server + was first included in the following release, Linux 2.6.25. + + In our testing, we have obtained excellent performance results (full 10Gbit + wire bandwidth at minimal client CPU) under many workloads. The code passes + the full Connectathon test suite and operates over both Infiniband and iWARP + RDMA adapters. + +Getting Help +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + If you get stuck, you can ask questions on the + + nfs-rdma-devel@lists.sourceforge.net + + mailing list. + +Installation +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + These instructions are a step by step guide to building a machine for + use with NFS/RDMA. + + - Install an RDMA device + + Any device supported by the drivers in drivers/infiniband/hw is acceptable. + + Testing has been performed using several Mellanox-based IB cards, the + Ammasso AMS1100 iWARP adapter, and the Chelsio cxgb3 iWARP adapter. + + - Install a Linux distribution and tools + + The first kernel release to contain both the NFS/RDMA client and server was + Linux 2.6.25 Therefore, a distribution compatible with this and subsequent + Linux kernel release should be installed. + + The procedures described in this document have been tested with + distributions from Red Hat's Fedora Project (http://fedora.redhat.com/). + + - Install nfs-utils-1.1.1 or greater on the client + + An NFS/RDMA mount point can only be obtained by using the mount.nfs + command in nfs-utils-1.1.1 or greater. To see which version of mount.nfs + you are using, type: + + > /sbin/mount.nfs -V + + If the version is less than 1.1.1 or the command does not exist, + then you will need to install the latest version of nfs-utils. + + Download the latest package from: + + http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/nfs + + Uncompress the package and follow the installation instructions. + + If you will not be using GSS and NFSv4, the installation process + can be simplified by disabling these features when running configure: + + > ./configure --disable-gss --disable-nfsv4 + + For more information on this see the package's README and INSTALL files. + + After building the nfs-utils package, there will be a mount.nfs binary in + the utils/mount directory. This binary can be used to initiate NFS v2, v3, + or v4 mounts. To initiate a v4 mount, the binary must be called mount.nfs4. + The standard technique is to create a symlink called mount.nfs4 to mount.nfs. + + NOTE: mount.nfs and therefore nfs-utils-1.1.1 or greater is only needed + on the NFS client machine. You do not need this specific version of + nfs-utils on the server. Furthermore, only the mount.nfs command from + nfs-utils-1.1.1 is needed on the client. + + - Install a Linux kernel with NFS/RDMA + + The NFS/RDMA client and server are both included in the mainline Linux + kernel version 2.6.25 and later. This and other versions of the 2.6 Linux + kernel can be found at: + + ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ + + Download the sources and place them in an appropriate location. + + - Configure the RDMA stack + + Make sure your kernel configuration has RDMA support enabled. Under + Device Drivers -> InfiniBand support, update the kernel configuration + to enable InfiniBand support [NOTE: the option name is misleading. Enabling + InfiniBand support is required for all RDMA devices (IB, iWARP, etc.)]. + + Enable the appropriate IB HCA support (mlx4, mthca, ehca, ipath, etc.) or + iWARP adapter support (amso, cxgb3, etc.). + + If you are using InfiniBand, be sure to enable IP-over-InfiniBand support. + + - Configure the NFS client and server + + Your kernel configuration must also have NFS file system support and/or + NFS server support enabled. These and other NFS related configuration + options can be found under File Systems -> Network File Systems. + + - Build, install, reboot + + The NFS/RDMA code will be enabled automatically if NFS and RDMA + are turned on. The NFS/RDMA client and server are configured via the hidden + SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA config option that depends on SUNRPC and INFINIBAND. The + value of SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA will be: + + - N if either SUNRPC or INFINIBAND are N, in this case the NFS/RDMA client + and server will not be built + - M if both SUNRPC and INFINIBAND are on (M or Y) and at least one is M, + in this case the NFS/RDMA client and server will be built as modules + - Y if both SUNRPC and INFINIBAND are Y, in this case the NFS/RDMA client + and server will be built into the kernel + + Therefore, if you have followed the steps above and turned no NFS and RDMA, + the NFS/RDMA client and server will be built. + + Build a new kernel, install it, boot it. + +Check RDMA and NFS Setup +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Before configuring the NFS/RDMA software, it is a good idea to test + your new kernel to ensure that the kernel is working correctly. + In particular, it is a good idea to verify that the RDMA stack + is functioning as expected and standard NFS over TCP/IP and/or UDP/IP + is working properly. + + - Check RDMA Setup + + If you built the RDMA components as modules, load them at + this time. For example, if you are using a Mellanox Tavor/Sinai/Arbel + card: + + > modprobe ib_mthca + > modprobe ib_ipoib + + If you are using InfiniBand, make sure there is a Subnet Manager (SM) + running on the network. If your IB switch has an embedded SM, you can + use it. Otherwise, you will need to run an SM, such as OpenSM, on one + of your end nodes. + + If an SM is running on your network, you should see the following: + + > cat /sys/class/infiniband/driverX/ports/1/state + 4: ACTIVE + + where driverX is mthca0, ipath5, ehca3, etc. + + To further test the InfiniBand software stack, use IPoIB (this + assumes you have two IB hosts named host1 and host2): + + host1> ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.x + host2> ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.y + host1> ping a.b.c.y + host2> ping a.b.c.x + + For other device types, follow the appropriate procedures. + + - Check NFS Setup + + For the NFS components enabled above (client and/or server), + test their functionality over standard Ethernet using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. + +NFS/RDMA Setup +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + We recommend that you use two machines, one to act as the client and + one to act as the server. + + One time configuration: + + - On the server system, configure the /etc/exports file and + start the NFS/RDMA server. + + Exports entries with the following formats have been tested: + + /vol0 192.168.0.47(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_squash) + /vol0 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_squash) + + The IP address(es) is(are) the client's IPoIB address for an InfiniBand HCA or the + cleint's iWARP address(es) for an RNIC. + + NOTE: The "insecure" option must be used because the NFS/RDMA client does not + use a reserved port. + + Each time a machine boots: + + - Load and configure the RDMA drivers + + For InfiniBand using a Mellanox adapter: + + > modprobe ib_mthca + > modprobe ib_ipoib + > ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.d + + NOTE: use unique addresses for the client and server + + - Start the NFS server + + If the NFS/RDMA server was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in kernel config), + load the RDMA transport module: + + > modprobe svcrdma + + Regardless of how the server was built (module or built-in), start the server: + + > /etc/init.d/nfs start + + or + + > service nfs start + + Instruct the server to listen on the RDMA transport: + + > echo rdma 2050 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist + + - On the client system + + If the NFS/RDMA client was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in kernel config), + load the RDMA client module: + + > modprobe xprtrdma.ko + + Regardless of how the client was built (module or built-in), issue the mount.nfs command: + + > /path/to/your/mount.nfs <IPoIB-server-name-or-address>:/<export> /mnt -i -o rdma,port=2050 + + To verify that the mount is using RDMA, run "cat /proc/mounts" and check the + "proto" field for the given mount. + + Congratulations! You're using NFS/RDMA! diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index 518ebe609e2..dbc3c6a3650 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ Table of Contents 2.13 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score 2.14 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields 2.15 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings + 2.16 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Preface @@ -462,11 +463,17 @@ SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 968 kB Writeback: 0 kB +AnonPages: 861800 kB Mapped: 280372 kB -Slab: 684068 kB +Slab: 284364 kB +SReclaimable: 159856 kB +SUnreclaim: 124508 kB +PageTables: 24448 kB +NFS_Unstable: 0 kB +Bounce: 0 kB +WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 7669796 kB Committed_AS: 100056 kB -PageTables: 24448 kB VmallocTotal: 112216 kB VmallocUsed: 428 kB VmallocChunk: 111088 kB @@ -502,8 +509,17 @@ VmallocChunk: 111088 kB on the disk Dirty: Memory which is waiting to get written back to the disk Writeback: Memory which is actively being written back to the disk + AnonPages: Non-file backed pages mapped into userspace page tables Mapped: files which have been mmaped, such as libraries Slab: in-kernel data structures cache +SReclaimable: Part of Slab, that might be reclaimed, such as caches + SUnreclaim: Part of Slab, that cannot be reclaimed on memory pressure + PageTables: amount of memory dedicated to the lowest level of page + tables. +NFS_Unstable: NFS pages sent to the server, but not yet committed to stable + storage + Bounce: Memory used for block device "bounce buffers" +WritebackTmp: Memory used by FUSE for temporary writeback buffers CommitLimit: Based on the overcommit ratio ('vm.overcommit_ratio'), this is the total amount of memory currently available to be allocated on the system. This limit is only adhered to @@ -530,8 +546,6 @@ Committed_AS: The amount of memory presently allocated on the system. above) will not be permitted. This is useful if one needs to guarantee that processes will not fail due to lack of memory once that memory has been successfully allocated. - PageTables: amount of memory dedicated to the lowest level of page - tables. VmallocTotal: total size of vmalloc memory area VmallocUsed: amount of vmalloc area which is used VmallocChunk: largest contigious block of vmalloc area which is free @@ -2348,4 +2362,41 @@ For example: $ echo 0x7 > /proc/self/coredump_filter $ ./some_program +2.16 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts +-------------------------------------------------------- + +This file contains lines of the form: + +36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root rw,errors=continue +(1)(2)(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) + +(1) mount ID: unique identifier of the mount (may be reused after umount) +(2) parent ID: ID of parent (or of self for the top of the mount tree) +(3) major:minor: value of st_dev for files on filesystem +(4) root: root of the mount within the filesystem +(5) mount point: mount point relative to the process's root +(6) mount options: per mount options +(7) optional fields: zero or more fields of the form "tag[:value]" +(8) separator: marks the end of the optional fields +(9) filesystem type: name of filesystem of the form "type[.subtype]" +(10) mount source: filesystem specific information or "none" +(11) super options: per super block options + +Parsers should ignore all unrecognised optional fields. Currently the +possible optional fields are: + +shared:X mount is shared in peer group X +master:X mount is slave to peer group X +propagate_from:X mount is slave and receives propagation from peer group X (*) +unbindable mount is unbindable + +(*) X is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root. If +X is the immediate master of the mount, or if there's no dominant peer +group under the same root, then only the "master:X" field is present +and not the "propagate_from:X" field. + +For more information on mount propagation see: + + Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt index 7fb8e6dc62b..b843743aa0b 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt @@ -122,8 +122,7 @@ stop() is the place to free it. } Finally, the show() function should format the object currently pointed to -by the iterator for output. It should return zero, or an error code if -something goes wrong. The example module's show() function is: +by the iterator for output. The example module's show() function is: static int ct_seq_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v) { @@ -132,6 +131,12 @@ something goes wrong. The example module's show() function is: return 0; } +If all is well, the show() function should return zero. A negative error +code in the usual manner indicates that something went wrong; it will be +passed back to user space. This function can also return SEQ_SKIP, which +causes the current item to be skipped; if the show() function has already +generated output before returning SEQ_SKIP, that output will be dropped. + We will look at seq_printf() in a moment. But first, the definition of the seq_file iterator is finished by creating a seq_operations structure with the four functions we have just defined: @@ -182,12 +187,18 @@ The first two output a single character and a string, just like one would expect. seq_escape() is like seq_puts(), except that any character in s which is in the string esc will be represented in octal form in the output. -There is also a function for printing filenames: +There is also a pair of functions for printing filenames: int seq_path(struct seq_file *m, struct path *path, char *esc); + int seq_path_root(struct seq_file *m, struct path *path, + struct path *root, char *esc) Here, path indicates the file of interest, and esc is a set of characters -which should be escaped in the output. +which should be escaped in the output. A call to seq_path() will output +the path relative to the current process's filesystem root. If a different +root is desired, it can be used with seq_path_root(). Note that, if it +turns out that path cannot be reached from root, the value of root will be +changed in seq_file_root() to a root which *does* work. Making it all work diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt index 4598ef7b622..7f27b8f840d 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt @@ -176,8 +176,10 @@ implementations: Recall that an attribute should only be exporting one value, or an array of similar values, so this shouldn't be that expensive. - This allows userspace to do partial reads and seeks arbitrarily over - the entire file at will. + This allows userspace to do partial reads and forward seeks + arbitrarily over the entire file at will. If userspace seeks back to + zero or does a pread(2) with an offset of '0' the show() method will + be called again, rearmed, to fill the buffer. - On write(2), sysfs expects the entire buffer to be passed during the first write. Sysfs then passes the entire buffer to the store() @@ -192,6 +194,9 @@ implementations: Other notes: +- Writing causes the show() method to be rearmed regardless of current + file position. + - The buffer will always be PAGE_SIZE bytes in length. On i386, this is 4096. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt index 145e4408635..222437efd75 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt @@ -92,6 +92,18 @@ NodeList format is a comma-separated list of decimal numbers and ranges, a range being two hyphen-separated decimal numbers, the smallest and largest node numbers in the range. For example, mpol=bind:0-3,5,7,9-15 +NUMA memory allocation policies have optional flags that can be used in +conjunction with their modes. These optional flags can be specified +when tmpfs is mounted by appending them to the mode before the NodeList. +See Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt for a list of all available +memory allocation policy mode flags. + + =static is equivalent to MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES + =relative is equivalent to MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES + +For example, mpol=bind=static:NodeList, is the equivalent of an +allocation policy of MPOL_BIND | MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES. + Note that trying to mount a tmpfs with an mpol option will fail if the running kernel does not support NUMA; and will fail if its nodelist specifies a node which is not online. If your system relies on that diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt index fcc123ffa25..2d5e1e582e1 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt @@ -17,6 +17,21 @@ dmask=### -- The permission mask for the directory. fmask=### -- The permission mask for files. The default is the umask of current process. +allow_utime=### -- This option controls the permission check of mtime/atime. + + 20 - If current process is in group of file's group ID, + you can change timestamp. + 2 - Other users can change timestamp. + + The default is set from `dmask' option. (If the directory is + writable, utime(2) is also allowed. I.e. ~dmask & 022) + + Normally utime(2) checks current process is owner of + the file, or it has CAP_FOWNER capability. But FAT + filesystem doesn't have uid/gid on disk, so normal + check is too unflexible. With this option you can + relax it. + codepage=### -- Sets the codepage number for converting to shortname characters on FAT filesystem. By default, FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE setting is used. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt index 74aeb142ae5..0a1668ba260 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt @@ -52,16 +52,15 @@ When mounting an XFS filesystem, the following options are accepted. and also gets the setgid bit set if it is a directory itself. ihashsize=value - Sets the number of hash buckets available for hashing the - in-memory inodes of the specified mount point. If a value - of zero is used, the value selected by the default algorithm - will be displayed in /proc/mounts. + In memory inode hashes have been removed, so this option has + no function as of August 2007. Option is deprecated. ikeep/noikeep - When inode clusters are emptied of inodes, keep them around - on the disk (ikeep) - this is the traditional XFS behaviour - and is still the default for now. Using the noikeep option, - inode clusters are returned to the free space pool. + When ikeep is specified, XFS does not delete empty inode clusters + and keeps them around on disk. ikeep is the traditional XFS + behaviour. When noikeep is specified, empty inode clusters + are returned to the free space pool. The default is noikeep for + non-DMAPI mounts, while ikeep is the default when DMAPI is in use. inode64 Indicates that XFS is allowed to create inodes at any location diff --git a/Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_driver.c b/Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_driver.c deleted file mode 100644 index 6865cbe075e..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_driver.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,115 +0,0 @@ -/* - * firmware_sample_driver.c - - * - * Copyright (c) 2003 Manuel Estrada Sainz - * - * Sample code on how to use request_firmware() from drivers. - * - */ - -#include <linux/module.h> -#include <linux/kernel.h> -#include <linux/init.h> -#include <linux/device.h> -#include <linux/string.h> - -#include "linux/firmware.h" - -static struct device ghost_device = { - .bus_id = "ghost0", -}; - - -static void sample_firmware_load(char *firmware, int size) -{ - u8 buf[size+1]; - memcpy(buf, firmware, size); - buf[size] = '\0'; - printk(KERN_INFO "firmware_sample_driver: firmware: %s\n", buf); -} - -static void sample_probe_default(void) -{ - /* uses the default method to get the firmware */ - const struct firmware *fw_entry; - printk(KERN_INFO "firmware_sample_driver: a ghost device got inserted :)\n"); - - if(request_firmware(&fw_entry, "sample_driver_fw", &ghost_device)!=0) - { - printk(KERN_ERR - "firmware_sample_driver: Firmware not available\n"); - return; - } - - sample_firmware_load(fw_entry->data, fw_entry->size); - - release_firmware(fw_entry); - - /* finish setting up the device */ -} -static void sample_probe_specific(void) -{ - /* Uses some specific hotplug support to get the firmware from - * userspace directly into the hardware, or via some sysfs file */ - - /* NOTE: This currently doesn't work */ - - printk(KERN_INFO "firmware_sample_driver: a ghost device got inserted :)\n"); - - if(request_firmware(NULL, "sample_driver_fw", &ghost_device)!=0) - { - printk(KERN_ERR - "firmware_sample_driver: Firmware load failed\n"); - return; - } - - /* request_firmware blocks until userspace finished, so at - * this point the firmware should be already in the device */ - - /* finish setting up the device */ -} -static void sample_probe_async_cont(const struct firmware *fw, void *context) -{ - if(!fw){ - printk(KERN_ERR - "firmware_sample_driver: firmware load failed\n"); - return; - } - - printk(KERN_INFO "firmware_sample_driver: device pointer \"%s\"\n", - (char *)context); - sample_firmware_load(fw->data, fw->size); -} -static void sample_probe_async(void) -{ - /* Let's say that I can't sleep */ - int error; - error = request_firmware_nowait (THIS_MODULE, FW_ACTION_NOHOTPLUG, - "sample_driver_fw", &ghost_device, - "my device pointer", - sample_probe_async_cont); - if(error){ - printk(KERN_ERR - "firmware_sample_driver:" - " request_firmware_nowait failed\n"); - } -} - -static int sample_init(void) -{ - device_initialize(&ghost_device); - /* since there is no real hardware insertion I just call the - * sample probe functions here */ - sample_probe_specific(); - sample_probe_default(); - sample_probe_async(); - return 0; -} -static void __exit sample_exit(void) -{ -} - -module_init (sample_init); -module_exit (sample_exit); - -MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); diff --git a/Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_firmware_class.c b/Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_firmware_class.c deleted file mode 100644 index 2de62854f0e..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_firmware_class.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,207 +0,0 @@ -/* - * firmware_sample_firmware_class.c - - * - * Copyright (c) 2003 Manuel Estrada Sainz - * - * NOTE: This is just a probe of concept, if you think that your driver would - * be well served by this mechanism please contact me first. - * - * DON'T USE THIS CODE AS IS - * - */ - -#include <linux/device.h> -#include <linux/module.h> -#include <linux/init.h> -#include <linux/timer.h> -#include <linux/slab.h> -#include <linux/string.h> -#include <linux/firmware.h> - - -MODULE_AUTHOR("Manuel Estrada Sainz"); -MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Hackish sample for using firmware class directly"); -MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); - -static inline struct class_device *to_class_dev(struct kobject *obj) -{ - return container_of(obj,struct class_device,kobj); -} -static inline -struct class_device_attribute *to_class_dev_attr(struct attribute *_attr) -{ - return container_of(_attr,struct class_device_attribute,attr); -} - -int sysfs_create_bin_file(struct kobject * kobj, struct bin_attribute * attr); -int sysfs_remove_bin_file(struct kobject * kobj, struct bin_attribute * attr); - -struct firmware_priv { - char fw_id[FIRMWARE_NAME_MAX]; - s32 loading:2; - u32 abort:1; -}; - -extern struct class firmware_class; - -static ssize_t firmware_loading_show(struct class_device *class_dev, char *buf) -{ - struct firmware_priv *fw_priv = class_get_devdata(class_dev); - return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", fw_priv->loading); -} -static ssize_t firmware_loading_store(struct class_device *class_dev, - const char *buf, size_t count) -{ - struct firmware_priv *fw_priv = class_get_devdata(class_dev); - int prev_loading = fw_priv->loading; - - fw_priv->loading = simple_strtol(buf, NULL, 10); - - switch(fw_priv->loading){ - case -1: - /* abort load an panic */ - break; - case 1: - /* setup load */ - break; - case 0: - if(prev_loading==1){ - /* finish load and get the device back to working - * state */ - } - break; - } - - return count; -} -static CLASS_DEVICE_ATTR(loading, 0644, - firmware_loading_show, firmware_loading_store); - -static ssize_t firmware_data_read(struct kobject *kobj, - struct bin_attribute *bin_attr, - char *buffer, loff_t offset, size_t count) -{ - struct class_device *class_dev = to_class_dev(kobj); - struct firmware_priv *fw_priv = class_get_devdata(class_dev); - - /* read from the devices firmware memory */ - - return count; -} -static ssize_t firmware_data_write(struct kobject *kobj, - struct bin_attribute *bin_attr, - char *buffer, loff_t offset, size_t count) -{ - struct class_device *class_dev = to_class_dev(kobj); - struct firmware_priv *fw_priv = class_get_devdata(class_dev); - - /* write to the devices firmware memory */ - - return count; -} -static struct bin_attribute firmware_attr_data = { - .attr = {.name = "data", .mode = 0644}, - .size = 0, - .read = firmware_data_read, - .write = firmware_data_write, -}; -static int fw_setup_class_device(struct class_device *class_dev, - const char *fw_name, - struct device *device) -{ - int retval; - struct firmware_priv *fw_priv; - - fw_priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct firmware_priv), GFP_KERNEL); - if (!fw_priv) { - retval = -ENOMEM; - goto out; - } - - memset(class_dev, 0, sizeof(*class_dev)); - - strncpy(fw_priv->fw_id, fw_name, FIRMWARE_NAME_MAX); - fw_priv->fw_id[FIRMWARE_NAME_MAX-1] = '\0'; - - strncpy(class_dev->class_id, device->bus_id, BUS_ID_SIZE); - class_dev->class_id[BUS_ID_SIZE-1] = '\0'; - class_dev->dev = device; - - class_dev->class = &firmware_class, - class_set_devdata(class_dev, fw_priv); - retval = class_device_register(class_dev); - if (retval){ - printk(KERN_ERR "%s: class_device_register failed\n", - __FUNCTION__); - goto error_free_fw_priv; - } - - retval = sysfs_create_bin_file(&class_dev->kobj, &firmware_attr_data); - if (retval){ - printk(KERN_ERR "%s: sysfs_create_bin_file failed\n", - __FUNCTION__); - goto error_unreg_class_dev; - } - - retval = class_device_create_file(class_dev, - &class_device_attr_loading); - if (retval){ - printk(KERN_ERR "%s: class_device_create_file failed\n", - __FUNCTION__); - goto error_remove_data; - } - - goto out; - -error_remove_data: - sysfs_remove_bin_file(&class_dev->kobj, &firmware_attr_data); -error_unreg_class_dev: - class_device_unregister(class_dev); -error_free_fw_priv: - kfree(fw_priv); -out: - return retval; -} -static void fw_remove_class_device(struct class_device *class_dev) -{ - struct firmware_priv *fw_priv = class_get_devdata(class_dev); - - class_device_remove_file(class_dev, &class_device_attr_loading); - sysfs_remove_bin_file(&class_dev->kobj, &firmware_attr_data); - class_device_unregister(class_dev); -} - -static struct class_device *class_dev; - -static struct device my_device = { - .bus_id = "my_dev0", -}; - -static int __init firmware_sample_init(void) -{ - int error; - - device_initialize(&my_device); - class_dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct class_device), GFP_KERNEL); - if(!class_dev) - return -ENOMEM; - - error = fw_setup_class_device(class_dev, "my_firmware_image", - &my_device); - if(error){ - kfree(class_dev); - return error; - } - return 0; - -} -static void __exit firmware_sample_exit(void) -{ - struct firmware_priv *fw_priv = class_get_devdata(class_dev); - fw_remove_class_device(class_dev); - kfree(fw_priv); - kfree(class_dev); -} -module_init(firmware_sample_init); -module_exit(firmware_sample_exit); - diff --git a/Documentation/gpio.txt b/Documentation/gpio.txt index 54630095aa3..c35ca9e40d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/gpio.txt +++ b/Documentation/gpio.txt @@ -107,6 +107,16 @@ type of GPIO controller, and on one particular board 80-95 with an FPGA. The numbers need not be contiguous; either of those platforms could also use numbers 2000-2063 to identify GPIOs in a bank of I2C GPIO expanders. +If you want to initialize a structure with an invalid GPIO number, use +some negative number (perhaps "-EINVAL"); that will never be valid. To +test if a number could reference a GPIO, you may use this predicate: + + int gpio_is_valid(int number); + +A number that's not valid will be rejected by calls which may request +or free GPIOs (see below). Other numbers may also be rejected; for +example, a number might be valid but unused on a given board. + Whether a platform supports multiple GPIO controllers is currently a platform-specific implementation issue. diff --git a/Documentation/highuid.txt b/Documentation/highuid.txt index 76034d9dbfc..6bad6f1d1ca 100644 --- a/Documentation/highuid.txt +++ b/Documentation/highuid.txt @@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ What's left to be done for 32-bit UIDs on all Linux architectures: uses the 32-bit UID system calls properly otherwise. This affects at least: - SunOS emulation - Solaris emulation iBCS on Intel sparc32 emulation on sparc64 diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients index bfb0a552081..ee75cbace28 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients +++ b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients @@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ I2C device drivers using this binding model work just like any other kind of driver in Linux: they provide a probe() method to bind to those devices, and a remove() method to unbind. - static int foo_probe(struct i2c_client *client); + static int foo_probe(struct i2c_client *client, + const struct i2c_device_id *id); static int foo_remove(struct i2c_client *client); Remember that the i2c_driver does not create those client handles. The diff --git a/Documentation/i386/boot.txt b/Documentation/i386/boot.txt index fc49b79bc1a..95ad15c3b01 100644 --- a/Documentation/i386/boot.txt +++ b/Documentation/i386/boot.txt @@ -40,8 +40,18 @@ Protocol 2.05: (Kernel 2.6.20) Make protected mode kernel relocatable. Introduce relocatable_kernel and kernel_alignment fields. Protocol 2.06: (Kernel 2.6.22) Added a field that contains the size of - the boot command line + the boot command line. +Protocol 2.07: (Kernel 2.6.24) Added paravirtualised boot protocol. + Introduced hardware_subarch and hardware_subarch_data + and KEEP_SEGMENTS flag in load_flags. + +Protocol 2.08: (Kernel 2.6.26) Added crc32 checksum and ELF format + payload. Introduced payload_offset and payload length + fields to aid in locating the payload. + +Protocol 2.09: (Kernel 2.6.26) Added a field of 64-bit physical + pointer to single linked list of struct setup_data. **** MEMORY LAYOUT @@ -170,6 +180,10 @@ Offset Proto Name Meaning 0238/4 2.06+ cmdline_size Maximum size of the kernel command line 023C/4 2.07+ hardware_subarch Hardware subarchitecture 0240/8 2.07+ hardware_subarch_data Subarchitecture-specific data +0248/4 2.08+ payload_offset Offset of kernel payload +024C/4 2.08+ payload_length Length of kernel payload +0250/8 2.09+ setup_data 64-bit physical pointer to linked list + of struct setup_data (1) For backwards compatibility, if the setup_sects field contains 0, the real value is 4. @@ -512,6 +526,32 @@ Protocol: 2.07+ A pointer to data that is specific to hardware subarch +Field name: payload_offset +Type: read +Offset/size: 0x248/4 +Protocol: 2.08+ + + If non-zero then this field contains the offset from the end of the + real-mode code to the payload. + + The payload may be compressed. The format of both the compressed and + uncompressed data should be determined using the standard magic + numbers. Currently only gzip compressed ELF is used. + +Field name: payload_length +Type: read +Offset/size: 0x24c/4 +Protocol: 2.08+ + + The length of the payload. + +**** THE IMAGE CHECKSUM + +From boot protocol version 2.08 onwards the CRC-32 is calculated over +the entire file using the characteristic polynomial 0x04C11DB7 and an +initial remainder of 0xffffffff. The checksum is appended to the +file; therefore the CRC of the file up to the limit specified in the +syssize field of the header is always 0. **** THE KERNEL COMMAND LINE @@ -544,6 +584,28 @@ command line is entered using the following protocol: covered by setup_move_size, so you may need to adjust this field. +Field name: setup_data +Type: write (obligatory) +Offset/size: 0x250/8 +Protocol: 2.09+ + + The 64-bit physical pointer to NULL terminated single linked list of + struct setup_data. This is used to define a more extensible boot + parameters passing mechanism. The definition of struct setup_data is + as follow: + + struct setup_data { + u64 next; + u32 type; + u32 len; + u8 data[0]; + }; + + Where, the next is a 64-bit physical pointer to the next node of + linked list, the next field of the last node is 0; the type is used + to identify the contents of data; the len is the length of data + field; the data holds the real payload. + **** MEMORY LAYOUT OF THE REAL-MODE CODE diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/kvm.txt b/Documentation/ia64/kvm.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bec9d815da3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ia64/kvm.txt @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +Currently, kvm module in EXPERIMENTAL stage on IA64. This means that +interfaces are not stable enough to use. So, plase had better don't run +critical applications in virtual machine. We will try our best to make it +strong in future versions! + Guide: How to boot up guests on kvm/ia64 + +This guide is to describe how to enable kvm support for IA-64 systems. + +1. Get the kvm source from git.kernel.org. + Userspace source: + git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm-userspace.git + Kernel Source: + git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xiantao/kvm-ia64.git + +2. Compile the source code. + 2.1 Compile userspace code: + (1)cd ./kvm-userspace + (2)./configure + (3)cd kernel + (4)make sync LINUX= $kernel_dir (kernel_dir is the directory of kernel source.) + (5)cd .. + (6)make qemu + (7)cd qemu; make install + + 2.2 Compile kernel source code: + (1) cd ./$kernel_dir + (2) Make menuconfig + (3) Enter into virtualization option, and choose kvm. + (4) make + (5) Once (4) done, make modules_install + (6) Make initrd, and use new kernel to reboot up host machine. + (7) Once (6) done, cd $kernel_dir/arch/ia64/kvm + (8) insmod kvm.ko; insmod kvm-intel.ko + +Note: For step 2, please make sure that host page size == TARGET_PAGE_SIZE of qemu, otherwise, may fail. + +3. Get Guest Firmware named as Flash.fd, and put it under right place: + (1) If you have the guest firmware (binary) released by Intel Corp for Xen, use it directly. + + (2) If you have no firmware at hand, Please download its source from + hg clone http://xenbits.xensource.com/ext/efi-vfirmware.hg + you can get the firmware's binary in the directory of efi-vfirmware.hg/binaries. + + (3) Rename the firware you owned to Flash.fd, and copy it to /usr/local/share/qemu + +4. Boot up Linux or Windows guests: + 4.1 Create or install a image for guest boot. If you have xen experience, it should be easy. + + 4.2 Boot up guests use the following command. + /usr/local/bin/qemu-system-ia64 -smp xx -m 512 -hda $your_image + (xx is the number of virtual processors for the guest, now the maximum value is 4) + +5. Known possibile issue on some platforms with old Firmware. + +If meet strange host crashe issues, try to solve it through either of the following ways: + +(1): Upgrade your Firmware to the latest one. + +(2): Applying the below patch to kernel source. +diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S +index 0b53344..f02b0f7 100644 +--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S ++++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S +@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ GLOBAL_ENTRY(ia64_pal_call_static) + mov ar.pfs = loc1 + mov rp = loc0 + ;; +- srlz.d // seralize restoration of psr.l ++ srlz.i // seralize restoration of psr.l ++ ;; + br.ret.sptk.many b0 + END(ia64_pal_call_static) + +6. Bug report: + If you found any issues when use kvm/ia64, Please post the bug info to kvm-ia64-devel mailing list. + https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/kvm-ia64-devel/ + +Thanks for your interest! Let's work together, and make kvm/ia64 stronger and stronger! + + + Xiantao Zhang <xiantao.zhang@intel.com> + 2008.3.10 diff --git a/Documentation/ide/ide-tape.txt b/Documentation/ide/ide-tape.txt index 658f271a373..3f348a0b21d 100644 --- a/Documentation/ide/ide-tape.txt +++ b/Documentation/ide/ide-tape.txt @@ -1,146 +1,65 @@ -/* - * IDE ATAPI streaming tape driver. - * - * This driver is a part of the Linux ide driver. - * - * The driver, in co-operation with ide.c, basically traverses the - * request-list for the block device interface. The character device - * interface, on the other hand, creates new requests, adds them - * to the request-list of the block device, and waits for their completion. - * - * Pipelined operation mode is now supported on both reads and writes. - * - * The block device major and minor numbers are determined from the - * tape's relative position in the ide interfaces, as explained in ide.c. - * - * The character device interface consists of the following devices: - * - * ht0 major 37, minor 0 first IDE tape, rewind on close. - * ht1 major 37, minor 1 second IDE tape, rewind on close. - * ... - * nht0 major 37, minor 128 first IDE tape, no rewind on close. - * nht1 major 37, minor 129 second IDE tape, no rewind on close. - * ... - * - * The general magnetic tape commands compatible interface, as defined by - * include/linux/mtio.h, is accessible through the character device. - * - * General ide driver configuration options, such as the interrupt-unmask - * flag, can be configured by issuing an ioctl to the block device interface, - * as any other ide device. - * - * Our own ide-tape ioctl's can be issued to either the block device or - * the character device interface. - * - * Maximal throughput with minimal bus load will usually be achieved in the - * following scenario: - * - * 1. ide-tape is operating in the pipelined operation mode. - * 2. No buffering is performed by the user backup program. - * - * Testing was done with a 2 GB CONNER CTMA 4000 IDE ATAPI Streaming Tape Drive. - * - * Here are some words from the first releases of hd.c, which are quoted - * in ide.c and apply here as well: - * - * | Special care is recommended. Have Fun! - * - * - * An overview of the pipelined operation mode. - * - * In the pipelined write mode, we will usually just add requests to our - * pipeline and return immediately, before we even start to service them. The - * user program will then have enough time to prepare the next request while - * we are still busy servicing previous requests. In the pipelined read mode, - * the situation is similar - we add read-ahead requests into the pipeline, - * before the user even requested them. - * - * The pipeline can be viewed as a "safety net" which will be activated when - * the system load is high and prevents the user backup program from keeping up - * with the current tape speed. At this point, the pipeline will get - * shorter and shorter but the tape will still be streaming at the same speed. - * Assuming we have enough pipeline stages, the system load will hopefully - * decrease before the pipeline is completely empty, and the backup program - * will be able to "catch up" and refill the pipeline again. - * - * When using the pipelined mode, it would be best to disable any type of - * buffering done by the user program, as ide-tape already provides all the - * benefits in the kernel, where it can be done in a more efficient way. - * As we will usually not block the user program on a request, the most - * efficient user code will then be a simple read-write-read-... cycle. - * Any additional logic will usually just slow down the backup process. - * - * Using the pipelined mode, I get a constant over 400 KBps throughput, - * which seems to be the maximum throughput supported by my tape. - * - * However, there are some downfalls: - * - * 1. We use memory (for data buffers) in proportional to the number - * of pipeline stages (each stage is about 26 KB with my tape). - * 2. In the pipelined write mode, we cheat and postpone error codes - * to the user task. In read mode, the actual tape position - * will be a bit further than the last requested block. - * - * Concerning (1): - * - * 1. We allocate stages dynamically only when we need them. When - * we don't need them, we don't consume additional memory. In - * case we can't allocate stages, we just manage without them - * (at the expense of decreased throughput) so when Linux is - * tight in memory, we will not pose additional difficulties. - * - * 2. The maximum number of stages (which is, in fact, the maximum - * amount of memory) which we allocate is limited by the compile - * time parameter IDETAPE_MAX_PIPELINE_STAGES. - * - * 3. The maximum number of stages is a controlled parameter - We - * don't start from the user defined maximum number of stages - * but from the lower IDETAPE_MIN_PIPELINE_STAGES (again, we - * will not even allocate this amount of stages if the user - * program can't handle the speed). We then implement a feedback - * loop which checks if the pipeline is empty, and if it is, we - * increase the maximum number of stages as necessary until we - * reach the optimum value which just manages to keep the tape - * busy with minimum allocated memory or until we reach - * IDETAPE_MAX_PIPELINE_STAGES. - * - * Concerning (2): - * - * In pipelined write mode, ide-tape can not return accurate error codes - * to the user program since we usually just add the request to the - * pipeline without waiting for it to be serviced. In case an error - * occurs, I will report it on the next user request. - * - * In the pipelined read mode, subsequent read requests or forward - * filemark spacing will perform correctly, as we preserve all blocks - * and filemarks which we encountered during our excess read-ahead. - * - * For accurate tape positioning and error reporting, disabling - * pipelined mode might be the best option. - * - * You can enable/disable/tune the pipelined operation mode by adjusting - * the compile time parameters below. - * - * - * Possible improvements. - * - * 1. Support for the ATAPI overlap protocol. - * - * In order to maximize bus throughput, we currently use the DSC - * overlap method which enables ide.c to service requests from the - * other device while the tape is busy executing a command. The - * DSC overlap method involves polling the tape's status register - * for the DSC bit, and servicing the other device while the tape - * isn't ready. - * - * In the current QIC development standard (December 1995), - * it is recommended that new tape drives will *in addition* - * implement the ATAPI overlap protocol, which is used for the - * same purpose - efficient use of the IDE bus, but is interrupt - * driven and thus has much less CPU overhead. - * - * ATAPI overlap is likely to be supported in most new ATAPI - * devices, including new ATAPI cdroms, and thus provides us - * a method by which we can achieve higher throughput when - * sharing a (fast) ATA-2 disk with any (slow) new ATAPI device. - */ +IDE ATAPI streaming tape driver. + +This driver is a part of the Linux ide driver. + +The driver, in co-operation with ide.c, basically traverses the +request-list for the block device interface. The character device +interface, on the other hand, creates new requests, adds them +to the request-list of the block device, and waits for their completion. + +The block device major and minor numbers are determined from the +tape's relative position in the ide interfaces, as explained in ide.c. + +The character device interface consists of the following devices: + +ht0 major 37, minor 0 first IDE tape, rewind on close. +ht1 major 37, minor 1 second IDE tape, rewind on close. +... +nht0 major 37, minor 128 first IDE tape, no rewind on close. +nht1 major 37, minor 129 second IDE tape, no rewind on close. +... + +The general magnetic tape commands compatible interface, as defined by +include/linux/mtio.h, is accessible through the character device. + +General ide driver configuration options, such as the interrupt-unmask +flag, can be configured by issuing an ioctl to the block device interface, +as any other ide device. + +Our own ide-tape ioctl's can be issued to either the block device or +the character device interface. + +Maximal throughput with minimal bus load will usually be achieved in the +following scenario: + + 1. ide-tape is operating in the pipelined operation mode. + 2. No buffering is performed by the user backup program. + +Testing was done with a 2 GB CONNER CTMA 4000 IDE ATAPI Streaming Tape Drive. + +Here are some words from the first releases of hd.c, which are quoted +in ide.c and apply here as well: + +| Special care is recommended. Have Fun! + +Possible improvements: + +1. Support for the ATAPI overlap protocol. + +In order to maximize bus throughput, we currently use the DSC +overlap method which enables ide.c to service requests from the +other device while the tape is busy executing a command. The +DSC overlap method involves polling the tape's status register +for the DSC bit, and servicing the other device while the tape +isn't ready. + +In the current QIC development standard (December 1995), +it is recommended that new tape drives will *in addition* +implement the ATAPI overlap protocol, which is used for the +same purpose - efficient use of the IDE bus, but is interrupt +driven and thus has much less CPU overhead. + +ATAPI overlap is likely to be supported in most new ATAPI +devices, including new ATAPI cdroms, and thus provides us +a method by which we can achieve higher throughput when +sharing a (fast) ATA-2 disk with any (slow) new ATAPI device. diff --git a/Documentation/ide/ide.txt b/Documentation/ide/ide.txt index 818676aad45..0c78f4b1d9d 100644 --- a/Documentation/ide/ide.txt +++ b/Documentation/ide/ide.txt @@ -71,29 +71,6 @@ This driver automatically probes for most IDE interfaces (including all PCI ones), for the drives/geometries attached to those interfaces, and for the IRQ lines being used by the interfaces (normally 14, 15 for ide0/ide1). -For special cases, interfaces may be specified using kernel "command line" -options. For example, - - ide3=0x168,0x36e,10 /* ioports 0x168-0x16f,0x36e, irq 10 */ - -Normally the irq number need not be specified, as ide.c will probe for it: - - ide3=0x168,0x36e /* ioports 0x168-0x16f,0x36e */ - -The standard port, and irq values are these: - - ide0=0x1f0,0x3f6,14 - ide1=0x170,0x376,15 - ide2=0x1e8,0x3ee,11 - ide3=0x168,0x36e,10 - -Note that the first parameter reserves 8 contiguous ioports, whereas the -second value denotes a single ioport. If in doubt, do a 'cat /proc/ioports'. - -In all probability the device uses these ports and IRQs if it is attached -to the appropriate ide channel. Pass the parameter for the correct ide -channel to the kernel, as explained above. - Any number of interfaces may share a single IRQ if necessary, at a slight performance penalty, whether on separate cards or a single VLB card. The IDE driver automatically detects and handles this. However, this may @@ -105,27 +82,26 @@ Drives are normally found by auto-probing and/or examining the CMOS/BIOS data. For really weird situations, the apparent (fdisk) geometry can also be specified on the kernel "command line" using LILO. The format of such lines is: - hdx=cyls,heads,sects -or hdx=cdrom + ide_core.chs=[interface_number.device_number]:cyls,heads,sects +or ide_core.cdrom=[interface_number.device_number] -where hdx can be any of hda through hdh, Three values are required -(cyls,heads,sects). For example: +For example: - hdc=1050,32,64 hdd=cdrom + ide_core.chs=1.0:1050,32,64 ide_core.cdrom=1.1 -either {hda,hdb} or {hdc,hdd}. The results of successful auto-probing may -override the physical geometry/irq specified, though the "original" geometry -may be retained as the "logical" geometry for partitioning purposes (fdisk). +The results of successful auto-probing may override the physical geometry/irq +specified, though the "original" geometry may be retained as the "logical" +geometry for partitioning purposes (fdisk). If the auto-probing during boot time confuses a drive (ie. the drive works with hd.c but not with ide.c), then an command line option may be specified for each drive for which you'd like the drive to skip the hardware probe/identification sequence. For example: - hdb=noprobe + ide_core.noprobe=0.1 or - hdc=768,16,32 - hdc=noprobe + ide_core.chs=1.0:768,16,32 + ide_core.noprobe=1.0 Note that when only one IDE device is attached to an interface, it should be jumpered as "single" or "master", *not* "slave". Many folks have had @@ -141,9 +117,9 @@ If for some reason your cdrom drive is *not* found at boot time, you can force the probe to look harder by supplying a kernel command line parameter via LILO, such as: - hdc=cdrom /* hdc = "master" on second interface */ + ide_core.cdrom=1.0 /* "master" on second interface (hdc) */ or - hdd=cdrom /* hdd = "slave" on second interface */ + ide_core.cdrom=1.1 /* "slave" on second interface (hdd) */ For example, a GW2000 system might have a hard drive on the primary interface (/dev/hda) and an IDE cdrom drive on the secondary interface @@ -184,13 +160,6 @@ provided it is mounted with the default block size of 1024 (as above). Please pass on any feedback on any of this stuff to the maintainer, whose address can be found in linux/MAINTAINERS. -Note that if BOTH hd.c and ide.c are configured into the kernel, -hd.c will normally be allowed to control the primary IDE interface. -This is useful for older hardware that may be incompatible with ide.c, -and still allows newer hardware to run on the 2nd/3rd/4th IDE ports -under control of ide.c. To have ide.c also "take over" the primary -IDE port in this situation, use the "command line" parameter: ide0=0x1f0 - The IDE driver is modularized. The high level disk/CD-ROM/tape/floppy drivers can always be compiled as loadable modules, the chipset drivers can only be compiled into the kernel, and the core code (ide.c) can be @@ -204,9 +173,7 @@ to /etc/modprobe.conf. When ide.c is used as a module, you can pass command line parameters to the driver using the "options=" keyword to insmod, while replacing any ',' with -';'. For example: - - insmod ide.o options="ide0=serialize ide1=serialize ide2=0x1e8;0x3ee;11" +';'. ================================================================================ @@ -214,81 +181,48 @@ driver using the "options=" keyword to insmod, while replacing any ',' with Summary of ide driver parameters for kernel command line -------------------------------------------------------- - "hdx=" is recognized for all "x" from "a" to "u", such as "hdc". - - "idex=" is recognized for all "x" from "0" to "9", such as "ide1". - - "hdx=noprobe" : drive may be present, but do not probe for it - - "hdx=none" : drive is NOT present, ignore cmos and do not probe - - "hdx=nowerr" : ignore the WRERR_STAT bit on this drive - - "hdx=cdrom" : drive is present, and is a cdrom drive - - "hdx=cyl,head,sect" : disk drive is present, with specified geometry - - "hdx=autotune" : driver will attempt to tune interface speed - to the fastest PIO mode supported, - if possible for this drive only. - Not fully supported by all chipset types, - and quite likely to cause trouble with - older/odd IDE drives. - - "hdx=nodma" : disallow DMA - - "idebus=xx" : inform IDE driver of VESA/PCI bus speed in MHz, - where "xx" is between 20 and 66 inclusive, - used when tuning chipset PIO modes. - For PCI bus, 25 is correct for a P75 system, - 30 is correct for P90,P120,P180 systems, - and 33 is used for P100,P133,P166 systems. - If in doubt, use idebus=33 for PCI. - As for VLB, it is safest to not specify it. - Bigger values are safer than smaller ones. +For legacy IDE VLB host drivers (ali14xx/dtc2278/ht6560b/qd65xx/umc8672) +you need to explicitly enable probing by using "probe" kernel parameter, +i.e. to enable probing for ALI M14xx chipsets (ali14xx host driver) use: - "idex=base" : probe for an interface at the addr specified, - where "base" is usually 0x1f0 or 0x170 - and "ctl" is assumed to be "base"+0x206 +* "ali14xx.probe" boot option when ali14xx driver is built-in the kernel - "idex=base,ctl" : specify both base and ctl +* "probe" module parameter when ali14xx driver is compiled as module + ("modprobe ali14xx probe") - "idex=base,ctl,irq" : specify base, ctl, and irq number +Also for legacy CMD640 host driver (cmd640) you need to use "probe_vlb" +kernel paremeter to enable probing for VLB version of the chipset (PCI ones +are detected automatically). - "idex=serialize" : do not overlap operations on idex. Please note - that you will have to specify this option for - both the respective primary and secondary channel - to take effect. +You also need to use "probe" kernel parameter for ide-4drives driver +(support for IDE generic chipset with four drives on one port). - "idex=four" : four drives on idex and ide(x^1) share same ports +To enable support for IDE doublers on Amiga use "doubler" kernel parameter +for gayle host driver (i.e. "gayle.doubler" if the driver is built-in). - "idex=reset" : reset interface after probe +To force ignoring cable detection (this should be needed only if you're using +short 40-wires cable which cannot be automatically detected - if this is not +a case please report it as a bug instead) use "ignore_cable" kernel parameter: - "idex=ata66" : informs the interface that it has an 80c cable - for chipsets that are ATA-66 capable, but the - ability to bit test for detection is currently - unknown. +* "ide_core.ignore_cable=[interface_number]" boot option if IDE is built-in + (i.e. "ide_core.ignore_cable=1" to force ignoring cable for "ide1") - "ide=reverse" : formerly called to pci sub-system, but now local. +* "ignore_cable=[interface_number]" module parameter (for ide_core module) + if IDE is compiled as module - "ide=doubler" : probe/support IDE doublers on Amiga +Other kernel parameters for ide_core are: -There may be more options than shown -- use the source, Luke! +* "nodma=[interface_number.device_number]" to disallow DMA for a device -Everything else is rejected with a "BAD OPTION" message. +* "noflush=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable flush requests -For legacy IDE VLB host drivers (ali14xx/dtc2278/ht6560b/qd65xx/umc8672) -you need to explicitly enable probing by using "probe" kernel parameter, -i.e. to enable probing for ALI M14xx chipsets (ali14xx host driver) use: +* "noprobe=[interface_number.device_number]" to skip probing -* "ali14xx.probe" boot option when ali14xx driver is built-in the kernel +* "nowerr=[interface_number.device_number]" to ignore the WRERR_STAT bit -* "probe" module parameter when ali14xx driver is compiled as module - ("modprobe ali14xx probe") +* "cdrom=[interface_number.device_number]" to force device as a CD-ROM -Also for legacy CMD640 host driver (cmd640) you need to use "probe_vlb" -kernel paremeter to enable probing for VLB version of the chipset (PCI ones -are detected automatically). +* "chs=[interface_number.device_number]" to force device as a disk (using CHS) ================================================================================ diff --git a/Documentation/ide/warm-plug-howto.txt b/Documentation/ide/warm-plug-howto.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d5885468b07 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ide/warm-plug-howto.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +IDE warm-plug HOWTO +=================== + +To warm-plug devices on a port 'idex': + +# echo -n "1" > /sys/class/ide_port/idex/delete_devices + +unplug old device(s) and plug new device(s) + +# echo -n "1" > /sys/class/ide_port/idex/scan + +done diff --git a/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt b/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt index c18363bd8d1..240ce7a56c4 100644 --- a/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt +++ b/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt @@ -183,6 +183,8 @@ Code Seq# Include File Comments 0xAC 00-1F linux/raw.h 0xAD 00 Netfilter device in development: <mailto:rusty@rustcorp.com.au> +0xAE all linux/kvm.h Kernel-based Virtual Machine + <mailto:kvm-devel@lists.sourceforge.net> 0xB0 all RATIO devices in development: <mailto:vgo@ratio.de> 0xB1 00-1F PPPoX <mailto:mostrows@styx.uwaterloo.ca> diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt index 649cb879989..00b950d1c19 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt @@ -104,14 +104,15 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax). Reverse dependencies can only be used with boolean or tristate symbols. Note: - select is evil.... select will by brute force set a symbol - equal to 'y' without visiting the dependencies. So abusing - select you are able to select a symbol FOO even if FOO depends - on BAR that is not set. In general use select only for - non-visible symbols (no prompts anywhere) and for symbols with - no dependencies. That will limit the usefulness but on the - other hand avoid the illegal configurations all over. kconfig - should one day warn about such things. + select should be used with care. select will force + a symbol to a value without visiting the dependencies. + By abusing select you are able to select a symbol FOO even + if FOO depends on BAR that is not set. + In general use select only for non-visible symbols + (no prompts anywhere) and for symbols with no dependencies. + That will limit the usefulness but on the other hand avoid + the illegal configurations all over. + kconfig should one day warn about such things. - numerical ranges: "range" <symbol> <symbol> ["if" <expr>] This allows to limit the range of possible input values for int diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt index 1d247d59ad5..1821c077b43 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ Module.symvers contains a list of all exported symbols from a kernel build. Sometimes, an external module uses exported symbols from another external module. Kbuild needs to have full knowledge on all symbols to avoid spitting out warnings about undefined symbols. - Two solutions exist to let kbuild know all symbols of more than + Three solutions exist to let kbuild know all symbols of more than one external module. The method with a top-level kbuild file is recommended but may be impractical in certain situations. @@ -523,6 +523,13 @@ Module.symvers contains a list of all exported symbols from a kernel build. containing the sum of all symbols defined and not part of the kernel. + Use make variable KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS in the Makefile + If it is impractical to copy Module.symvers from another + module, you can assign a space separated list of files to + KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS in your Makfile. These files will be + loaded by modpost during the initialisation of its symbol + tables. + === 8. Tips & Tricks --- 8.1 Testing for CONFIG_FOO_BAR diff --git a/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt index d0ac72cc19f..b8e52c0355d 100644 --- a/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt +++ b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt @@ -245,6 +245,8 @@ The syntax is: crashkernel=<range1>:<size1>[,<range2>:<size2>,...][@offset] range=start-[end] + 'start' is inclusive and 'end' is exclusive. + For example: crashkernel=512M-2G:64M,2G-:128M @@ -253,10 +255,11 @@ This would mean: 1) if the RAM is smaller than 512M, then don't reserve anything (this is the "rescue" case) - 2) if the RAM size is between 512M and 2G, then reserve 64M + 2) if the RAM size is between 512M and 2G (exclusive), then reserve 64M 3) if the RAM size is larger than 2G, then reserve 128M + Boot into System Kernel ======================= diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index dafd001bf83..a3c35446e75 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -366,6 +366,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file possible to determine what the correct size should be. This option provides an override for these situations. + security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot. + If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first + security module asking for security registration will be + loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated + as if no module has been chosen. + capability.disable= [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally be used only if an alternative security model is to be @@ -490,6 +496,11 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file switching to the matching ttyS device later. The options are the same as for ttyS, above. + If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille + device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance + console=brl,ttyS0 + For now, only VisioBraille is supported. + earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options. uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options] uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options] @@ -550,6 +561,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally only useful to kernel developers. + debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging + decnet.addr= [HW,NET] Format: <area>[,<node>] See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt. @@ -621,8 +634,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file eata= [HW,SCSI] edd= [EDD] - Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"} - See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S + Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"} eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW] See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c. @@ -763,11 +775,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]] ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse - See Documentation/ide/ide.txt. - - ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters. + Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler See Documentation/ide/ide.txt. idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed @@ -812,6 +820,19 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file inttest= [IA64] + iommu= [x86] + off + force + noforce + biomerge + panic + nopanic + merge + nomerge + forcesac + soft + + intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option off Disable intel iommu driver. @@ -828,6 +849,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look for translation below 32 bit and if not available then look in the higher range. + strict [Default Off] + With this option on every unmap_single operation will + result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed + to batching them for performance. io_delay= [X86-32,X86-64] I/O delay method 0x80 @@ -928,8 +953,15 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file kstack=N [X86-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack in oops dumps. + kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles. + Requires a tty driver that supports console polling. + (only serial suported for now) + Format: <serial_device>[,baud] + l2cr= [PPC] + l3cr= [PPC] + lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS disabled it. @@ -1134,6 +1166,11 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file or memmap=0x10000$0x18690000 + memtest= [KNL,X86_64] Enable memtest + Format: <integer> + range: 0,4 : pattern number + default : 0 <disable> + meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt. @@ -1251,8 +1288,16 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file noexec [IA-64] noexec [X86-32,X86-64] + On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels. noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default) - noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings + noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings + + noexec32 [X86-64] + This affects only 32-bit executables. + noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default) + read doesn't imply executable mappings + noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings + read implies executable mappings nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended register save and restore. The kernel will only save @@ -1339,6 +1384,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file nowb [ARM] + nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB + purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or + SAL PALO. + numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA. one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified This can be set from sysctl after boot. @@ -1346,6 +1395,13 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered. + olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands + Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC + command is not properly ACKed, override the length + of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while + waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high + interrupts *may* be lost! + opl3= [HW,OSS] Format: <io> @@ -1428,10 +1484,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide. - nosort [X86-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to - order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is - done to get a device order compatible with - older kernels. biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt routing table. These calls are known to be buggy on several machines and they hang the machine diff --git a/Documentation/keys-request-key.txt b/Documentation/keys-request-key.txt index 266955d23ee..09b55e46174 100644 --- a/Documentation/keys-request-key.txt +++ b/Documentation/keys-request-key.txt @@ -11,26 +11,29 @@ request_key*(): struct key *request_key(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string); + const char *callout_info); or: struct key *request_key_with_auxdata(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string, + const char *callout_info, + size_t callout_len, void *aux); or: struct key *request_key_async(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string); + const char *callout_info, + size_t callout_len); or: struct key *request_key_async_with_auxdata(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string, + const char *callout_info, + size_t callout_len, void *aux); Or by userspace invoking the request_key system call: diff --git a/Documentation/keys.txt b/Documentation/keys.txt index 51652d39e61..d5c7a57d170 100644 --- a/Documentation/keys.txt +++ b/Documentation/keys.txt @@ -170,7 +170,8 @@ The key service provides a number of features besides keys: amount of description and payload space that can be consumed. The user can view information on this and other statistics through procfs - files. + files. The root user may also alter the quota limits through sysctl files + (see the section "New procfs files"). Process-specific and thread-specific keyrings are not counted towards a user's quota. @@ -329,6 +330,27 @@ about the status of the key service: <bytes>/<max> Key size quota +Four new sysctl files have been added also for the purpose of controlling the +quota limits on keys: + + (*) /proc/sys/kernel/keys/root_maxkeys + /proc/sys/kernel/keys/root_maxbytes + + These files hold the maximum number of keys that root may have and the + maximum total number of bytes of data that root may have stored in those + keys. + + (*) /proc/sys/kernel/keys/maxkeys + /proc/sys/kernel/keys/maxbytes + + These files hold the maximum number of keys that each non-root user may + have and the maximum total number of bytes of data that each of those + users may have stored in their keys. + +Root may alter these by writing each new limit as a decimal number string to +the appropriate file. + + =============================== USERSPACE SYSTEM CALL INTERFACE =============================== @@ -711,6 +733,27 @@ The keyctl syscall functions are: The assumed authoritative key is inherited across fork and exec. + (*) Get the LSM security context attached to a key. + + long keyctl(KEYCTL_GET_SECURITY, key_serial_t key, char *buffer, + size_t buflen) + + This function returns a string that represents the LSM security context + attached to a key in the buffer provided. + + Unless there's an error, it always returns the amount of data it could + produce, even if that's too big for the buffer, but it won't copy more + than requested to userspace. If the buffer pointer is NULL then no copy + will take place. + + A NUL character is included at the end of the string if the buffer is + sufficiently big. This is included in the returned count. If no LSM is + in force then an empty string will be returned. + + A process must have view permission on the key for this function to be + successful. + + =============== KERNEL SERVICES =============== @@ -771,7 +814,7 @@ payload contents" for more information. struct key *request_key(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string); + const char *callout_info); This is used to request a key or keyring with a description that matches the description specified according to the key type's match function. This @@ -793,24 +836,28 @@ payload contents" for more information. struct key *request_key_with_auxdata(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string, + const void *callout_info, + size_t callout_len, void *aux); This is identical to request_key(), except that the auxiliary data is - passed to the key_type->request_key() op if it exists. + passed to the key_type->request_key() op if it exists, and the callout_info + is a blob of length callout_len, if given (the length may be 0). (*) A key can be requested asynchronously by calling one of: struct key *request_key_async(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string); + const void *callout_info, + size_t callout_len); or: struct key *request_key_async_with_auxdata(const struct key_type *type, const char *description, - const char *callout_string, + const char *callout_info, + size_t callout_len, void *aux); which are asynchronous equivalents of request_key() and diff --git a/Documentation/kprobes.txt b/Documentation/kprobes.txt index be89f393274..6877e718711 100644 --- a/Documentation/kprobes.txt +++ b/Documentation/kprobes.txt @@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ registration function such as register_kprobe() specifies where the probe is to be inserted and what handler is to be called when the probe is hit. +There are also register_/unregister_*probes() functions for batch +registration/unregistration of a group of *probes. These functions +can speed up unregistration process when you have to unregister +a lot of probes at once. + The next three subsections explain how the different types of probes work. They explain certain things that you'll need to know in order to make the best use of Kprobes -- e.g., the @@ -190,10 +195,11 @@ code mapping. 4. API Reference The Kprobes API includes a "register" function and an "unregister" -function for each type of probe. Here are terse, mini-man-page -specifications for these functions and the associated probe handlers -that you'll write. See the files in the samples/kprobes/ sub-directory -for examples. +function for each type of probe. The API also includes "register_*probes" +and "unregister_*probes" functions for (un)registering arrays of probes. +Here are terse, mini-man-page specifications for these functions and +the associated probe handlers that you'll write. See the files in the +samples/kprobes/ sub-directory for examples. 4.1 register_kprobe @@ -319,6 +325,43 @@ void unregister_kretprobe(struct kretprobe *rp); Removes the specified probe. The unregister function can be called at any time after the probe has been registered. +NOTE: +If the functions find an incorrect probe (ex. an unregistered probe), +they clear the addr field of the probe. + +4.5 register_*probes + +#include <linux/kprobes.h> +int register_kprobes(struct kprobe **kps, int num); +int register_kretprobes(struct kretprobe **rps, int num); +int register_jprobes(struct jprobe **jps, int num); + +Registers each of the num probes in the specified array. If any +error occurs during registration, all probes in the array, up to +the bad probe, are safely unregistered before the register_*probes +function returns. +- kps/rps/jps: an array of pointers to *probe data structures +- num: the number of the array entries. + +NOTE: +You have to allocate(or define) an array of pointers and set all +of the array entries before using these functions. + +4.6 unregister_*probes + +#include <linux/kprobes.h> +void unregister_kprobes(struct kprobe **kps, int num); +void unregister_kretprobes(struct kretprobe **rps, int num); +void unregister_jprobes(struct jprobe **jps, int num); + +Removes each of the num probes in the specified array at once. + +NOTE: +If the functions find some incorrect probes (ex. unregistered +probes) in the specified array, they clear the addr field of those +incorrect probes. However, other probes in the array are +unregistered correctly. + 5. Kprobes Features and Limitations Kprobes allows multiple probes at the same address. Currently, diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt b/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt index 23df051dbf6..79b7dbd2214 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ once you enable the radio, will depend on your hardware and driver combination. e.g. With the BCM4318 on the Acer Aspire 5020 series: ndiswrapper: Light blinks on when transmitting -bcm43xx/b43: Solid light, blinks off when transmitting +b43: Solid light, blinks off when transmitting Wireless radio control is unconditionally enabled - all Acer laptops that support acer-wmi come with built-in wireless. However, should you feel so inclined to diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt index 76cb428435d..01c6c3d8a7e 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ ThinkPad ACPI Extras Driver - Version 0.19 - January 06th, 2008 + Version 0.20 + April 09th, 2008 Borislav Deianov <borislav@users.sf.net> Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@hmh.eng.br> @@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ This driver used to be named ibm-acpi until kernel 2.6.21 and release moved to the drivers/misc tree and renamed to thinkpad-acpi for kernel 2.6.22, and release 0.14. +The driver is named "thinkpad-acpi". In some places, like module +names, "thinkpad_acpi" is used because of userspace issues. + +"tpacpi" is used as a shorthand where "thinkpad-acpi" would be too +long due to length limitations on some Linux kernel versions. Status ------ @@ -571,6 +576,47 @@ netlink interface and the input layer interface, and don't bother at all with hotkey_report_mode. +Brightness hotkey notes: + +These are the current sane choices for brightness key mapping in +thinkpad-acpi: + +For IBM and Lenovo models *without* ACPI backlight control (the ones on +which thinkpad-acpi will autoload its backlight interface by default, +and on which ACPI video does not export a backlight interface): + +1. Don't enable or map the brightness hotkeys in thinkpad-acpi, as + these older firmware versions unfortunately won't respect the hotkey + mask for brightness keys anyway, and always reacts to them. This + usually work fine, unless X.org drivers are doing something to block + the BIOS. In that case, use (3) below. This is the default mode of + operation. + +2. Enable the hotkeys, but map them to something else that is NOT + KEY_BRIGHTNESS_UP/DOWN or any other keycode that would cause + userspace to try to change the backlight level, and use that as an + on-screen-display hint. + +3. IF AND ONLY IF X.org drivers find a way to block the firmware from + automatically changing the brightness, enable the hotkeys and map + them to KEY_BRIGHTNESS_UP and KEY_BRIGHTNESS_DOWN, and feed that to + something that calls xbacklight. thinkpad-acpi will not be able to + change brightness in that case either, so you should disable its + backlight interface. + +For Lenovo models *with* ACPI backlight control: + +1. Load up ACPI video and use that. ACPI video will report ACPI + events for brightness change keys. Do not mess with thinkpad-acpi + defaults in this case. thinkpad-acpi should not have anything to do + with backlight events in a scenario where ACPI video is loaded: + brightness hotkeys must be disabled, and the backlight interface is + to be kept disabled as well. This is the default mode of operation. + +2. Do *NOT* load up ACPI video, enable the hotkeys in thinkpad-acpi, + and map them to KEY_BRIGHTNESS_UP and KEY_BRIGHTNESS_DOWN. Process + these keys on userspace somehow (e.g. by calling xbacklight). + Bluetooth --------- @@ -647,16 +693,31 @@ while others are still having problems. For more information: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2000 -ThinkLight control -- /proc/acpi/ibm/light ------------------------------------------- +ThinkLight control +------------------ + +procfs: /proc/acpi/ibm/light +sysfs attributes: as per LED class, for the "tpacpi::thinklight" LED -The current status of the ThinkLight can be found in this file. A few -models which do not make the status available will show it as -"unknown". The available commands are: +procfs notes: + +The ThinkLight status can be read and set through the procfs interface. A +few models which do not make the status available will show the ThinkLight +status as "unknown". The available commands are: echo on > /proc/acpi/ibm/light echo off > /proc/acpi/ibm/light +sysfs notes: + +The ThinkLight sysfs interface is documented by the LED class +documentation, in Documentation/leds-class.txt. The ThinkLight LED name +is "tpacpi::thinklight". + +Due to limitations in the sysfs LED class, if the status of the thinklight +cannot be read or if it is unknown, thinkpad-acpi will report it as "off". +It is impossible to know if the status returned through sysfs is valid. + Docking / undocking -- /proc/acpi/ibm/dock ------------------------------------------ @@ -815,28 +876,63 @@ The cmos command interface is prone to firmware split-brain problems, as in newer ThinkPads it is just a compatibility layer. Do not use it, it is exported just as a debug tool. -LED control -- /proc/acpi/ibm/led ---------------------------------- +LED control +----------- + +procfs: /proc/acpi/ibm/led +sysfs attributes: as per LED class, see below for names + +Some of the LED indicators can be controlled through this feature. On +some older ThinkPad models, it is possible to query the status of the +LED indicators as well. Newer ThinkPads cannot query the real status +of the LED indicators. -Some of the LED indicators can be controlled through this feature. The -available commands are: +procfs notes: + +The available commands are: - echo '<led number> on' >/proc/acpi/ibm/led - echo '<led number> off' >/proc/acpi/ibm/led - echo '<led number> blink' >/proc/acpi/ibm/led + echo '<LED number> on' >/proc/acpi/ibm/led + echo '<LED number> off' >/proc/acpi/ibm/led + echo '<LED number> blink' >/proc/acpi/ibm/led -The <led number> range is 0 to 7. The set of LEDs that can be -controlled varies from model to model. Here is the mapping on the X40: +The <LED number> range is 0 to 7. The set of LEDs that can be +controlled varies from model to model. Here is the common ThinkPad +mapping: 0 - power 1 - battery (orange) 2 - battery (green) - 3 - UltraBase + 3 - UltraBase/dock 4 - UltraBay + 5 - UltraBase battery slot + 6 - (unknown) 7 - standby All of the above can be turned on and off and can be made to blink. +sysfs notes: + +The ThinkPad LED sysfs interface is described in detail by the LED class +documentation, in Documentation/leds-class.txt. + +The leds are named (in LED ID order, from 0 to 7): +"tpacpi::power", "tpacpi:orange:batt", "tpacpi:green:batt", +"tpacpi::dock_active", "tpacpi::bay_active", "tpacpi::dock_batt", +"tpacpi::unknown_led", "tpacpi::standby". + +Due to limitations in the sysfs LED class, if the status of the LED +indicators cannot be read due to an error, thinkpad-acpi will report it as +a brightness of zero (same as LED off). + +If the thinkpad firmware doesn't support reading the current status, +trying to read the current LED brightness will just return whatever +brightness was last written to that attribute. + +These LEDs can blink using hardware acceleration. To request that a +ThinkPad indicator LED should blink in hardware accelerated mode, use the +"timer" trigger, and leave the delay_on and delay_off parameters set to +zero (to request hardware acceleration autodetection). + ACPI sounds -- /proc/acpi/ibm/beep ---------------------------------- @@ -1090,6 +1186,15 @@ it there will be the following attributes: dim the display. +WARNING: + + Whatever you do, do NOT ever call thinkpad-acpi backlight-level change + interface and the ACPI-based backlight level change interface + (available on newer BIOSes, and driven by the Linux ACPI video driver) + at the same time. The two will interact in bad ways, do funny things, + and maybe reduce the life of the backlight lamps by needlessly kicking + its level up and down at every change. + Volume control -- /proc/acpi/ibm/volume --------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/leds-class.txt b/Documentation/leds-class.txt index 56757c751d6..18860ad9935 100644 --- a/Documentation/leds-class.txt +++ b/Documentation/leds-class.txt @@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ optimises away. Complex triggers whilst available to all LEDs have LED specific parameters and work on a per LED basis. The timer trigger is an example. +The timer trigger will periodically change the LED brightness between +LED_OFF and the current brightness setting. The "on" and "off" time can +be specified via /sys/class/leds/<device>/delay_{on,off} in milliseconds. +You can change the brightness value of a LED independently of the timer +trigger. However, if you set the brightness value to LED_OFF it will +also disable the timer trigger. You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO scheduler is chosen (via /sys/class/leds/<device>/trigger). Trigger specific @@ -63,9 +69,9 @@ value if it is called with *delay_on==0 && *delay_off==0 parameters. In this case the driver should give back the chosen value through delay_on and delay_off parameters to the leds subsystem. -Any call to the brightness_set() callback function should cancel the -previously programmed hardware blinking function so setting the brightness -to 0 can also cancel the blinking of the LED. +Setting the brightness to zero with brightness_set() callback function +should completely turn off the LED and cancel the previously programmed +hardware blinking function, if any. Known Issues diff --git a/Documentation/magic-number.txt b/Documentation/magic-number.txt index bd450e79755..95070028d15 100644 --- a/Documentation/magic-number.txt +++ b/Documentation/magic-number.txt @@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group include/linux/ufs_fs.h A2232_MAGIC 0x000a2232 gs_port drivers/char/ser_a2232.h -SOLARIS_SOCKET_MAGIC 0x000ADDED sol_socket_struct arch/sparc64/solaris/socksys.h RPORT_MAGIC 0x00525001 r_port drivers/char/rocket_int.h LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse drivers/fc4/fc.c GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h diff --git a/Documentation/md.txt b/Documentation/md.txt index 396cdd982c2..a8b43062747 100644 --- a/Documentation/md.txt +++ b/Documentation/md.txt @@ -450,3 +450,9 @@ These currently include there are upper and lower limits (32768, 16). Default is 128. strip_cache_active (currently raid5 only) number of active entries in the stripe cache + preread_bypass_threshold (currently raid5 only) + number of times a stripe requiring preread will be bypassed by + a stripe that does not require preread. For fairness defaults + to 1. Setting this to 0 disables bypass accounting and + requires preread stripes to wait until all full-width stripe- + writes are complete. Valid values are 0 to stripe_cache_size. diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt index 1f506f7830e..e5a819a4f0c 100644 --- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt +++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt @@ -430,8 +430,8 @@ There are certain things that the Linux kernel memory barriers do not guarantee: [*] For information on bus mastering DMA and coherency please read: - Documentation/pci.txt - Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt + Documentation/PCI/pci.txt + Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt Documentation/DMA-API.txt diff --git a/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README b/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README index 5c8334123f4..25a6ed1aaa5 100644 --- a/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README +++ b/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README @@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ Two files are introduced: a) 'include/asm-mips/mach-au1x00/au1xxx_ide.h' containes : struct _auide_hwif - struct drive_list_entry dma_white_list - struct drive_list_entry dma_black_list timing parameters for PIO mode 0/1/2/3/4 timing parameters for MWDMA 0/1/2 @@ -63,12 +61,6 @@ Four configs variables are introduced: CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_SEQTS_PER_RQ - maximum transfer size per descriptor -If MWDMA is enabled and the connected hard disc is not on the white list, the -kernel switches to a "safe mwdma mode" at boot time. In this mode the IDE -performance is substantial slower then in full speed mwdma. In this case -please add your hard disc to the white list (follow instruction from 'ADD NEW -HARD DISC TO WHITE OR BLACK LIST' section). - SUPPORTED IDE MODES ------------------- @@ -120,44 +112,6 @@ CONFIG_IDEDMA_AUTO=y Also undefine 'IDE_AU1XXX_BURSTMODE' in 'drivers/ide/mips/au1xxx-ide.c' to disable the burst support on DBDMA controller. -ADD NEW HARD DISC TO WHITE OR BLACK LIST ----------------------------------------- - -Step 1 : detect the model name of your hard disc - - a) connect your hard disc to the AU1XXX - - b) boot your kernel and get the hard disc model. - - Example boot log: - - --snipped-- - Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2 - ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx - Au1xxx IDE(builtin) configured for MWDMA2 - Probing IDE interface ide0... - hda: Maxtor 6E040L0, ATA DISK drive - ide0 at 0xac800000-0xac800007,0xac8001c0 on irq 64 - hda: max request size: 64KiB - hda: 80293248 sectors (41110 MB) w/2048KiB Cache, CHS=65535/16/63, (U)DMA - --snipped-- - - In this example 'Maxtor 6E040L0'. - -Step 2 : edit 'include/asm-mips/mach-au1x00/au1xxx_ide.h' - - Add your hard disc to the dma_white_list or dma_black_list structur. - -Step 3 : Recompile the kernel - - Enable MWDMA support in the kernel configuration. Recompile the kernel and - reboot. - -Step 4 : Tests - - If you have add a hard disc to the white list, please run some stress tests - for verification. - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX b/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX index c485ee028bd..1634c6dceca 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX @@ -100,8 +100,6 @@ tuntap.txt - TUN/TAP device driver, allowing user space Rx/Tx of packets. vortex.txt - info on using 3Com Vortex (3c590, 3c592, 3c595, 3c597) Ethernet cards. -wan-router.txt - - WAN router documentation wavelan.txt - AT&T GIS (nee NCR) WaveLAN card: An Ethernet-like radio transceiver x25.txt diff --git a/Documentation/networking/bcm43xx.txt b/Documentation/networking/bcm43xx.txt deleted file mode 100644 index d602c8d6ff3..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/networking/bcm43xx.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ - - BCM43xx Linux Driver Project - ============================ - -Introduction ------------- - -Many of the wireless devices found in modern notebook computers are -based on the wireless chips produced by Broadcom. These devices have -been a problem for Linux users as there is no open-source driver -available. In addition, Broadcom has not released specifications -for the device, and driver availability has been limited to the -binary-only form used in the GPL versions of AP hardware such as the -Linksys WRT54G, and the Windows and OS X drivers. Before this project -began, the only way to use these devices were to use the Windows or -OS X drivers with either the Linuxant or ndiswrapper modules. There -is a strong penalty if this method is used as loading the binary-only -module "taints" the kernel, and no kernel developer will help diagnose -any kernel problems. - -Development ------------ - -This driver has been developed using -a clean-room technique that is described at -http://bcm-specs.sipsolutions.net/ReverseEngineeringProcess. For legal -reasons, none of the clean-room crew works on the on the Linux driver, -and none of the Linux developers sees anything but the specifications, -which are the ultimate product of the reverse-engineering group. - -Software --------- - -Since the release of the 2.6.17 kernel, the bcm43xx driver has been -distributed with the kernel source, and is prebuilt in most, if not -all, distributions. There is, however, additional software that is -required. The firmware used by the chip is the intellectual property -of Broadcom and they have not given the bcm43xx team redistribution -rights to this firmware. Since we cannot legally redistribute -the firmware we cannot include it with the driver. Furthermore, it -cannot be placed in the downloadable archives of any distributing -organization; therefore, the user is responsible for obtaining the -firmware and placing it in the appropriate location so that the driver -can find it when initializing. - -To help with this process, the bcm43xx developers provide a separate -program named bcm43xx-fwcutter to "cut" the firmware out of a -Windows or OS X driver and write the extracted files to the proper -location. This program is usually provided with the distribution; -however, it may be downloaded from - -http://developer.berlios.de/project/showfiles.php?group_id=4547 - -The firmware is available in two versions. V3 firmware is used with -the in-kernel bcm43xx driver that uses a software MAC layer called -SoftMAC, and will have a microcode revision of 0x127 or smaller. The -V4 firmware is used by an out-of-kernel driver employing a variation of -the Devicescape MAC layer known as d80211. Once bcm43xx-d80211 reaches -a satisfactory level of development, it will replace bcm43xx-softmac -in the kernel as it is much more flexible and powerful. - -A source for the latest V3 firmware is - -http://downloads.openwrt.org/sources/wl_apsta-3.130.20.0.o - -Once this file is downloaded, the command -'bcm43xx-fwcutter -w <dir> <filename>' -will extract the microcode and write it to directory -<dir>. The correct directory will depend on your distribution; -however, most use '/lib/firmware'. Once this step is completed, -the bcm3xx driver should load when the system is booted. To see -any messages relating to the driver, issue the command 'dmesg | -grep bcm43xx' from a terminal window. If there are any problems, -please send that output to Bcm43xx-dev@lists.berlios.de. - -Although the driver has been in-kernel since 2.6.17, the earliest -version is quite limited in its capability. Patches that include -all features of later versions are available for the stable kernel -versions from 2.6.18. These will be needed if you use a BCM4318, -or a PCI Express version (BCM4311 and BCM4312). In addition, if you -have an early BCM4306 and more than 1 GB RAM, your kernel will need -to be patched. These patches, which are being updated regularly, -are available at ftp://lwfinger.dynalias.org/patches. Look for -combined_2.6.YY.patch. Of course you will need kernel source downloaded -from kernel.org, or the source from your distribution. - -If you build your own kernel, please enable CONFIG_BCM43XX_DEBUG -and CONFIG_IEEE80211_SOFTMAC_DEBUG. The log information provided is -essential for solving any problems. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/phy.txt b/Documentation/networking/phy.txt index 0bc95eab151..8df6a7b0e66 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/phy.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/phy.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ ------- PHY Abstraction Layer -(Updated 2006-11-30) +(Updated 2008-04-08) Purpose @@ -291,3 +291,39 @@ Writing a PHY driver Feel free to look at the Marvell, Cicada, and Davicom drivers in drivers/net/phy/ for examples (the lxt and qsemi drivers have not been tested as of this writing) + +Board Fixups + + Sometimes the specific interaction between the platform and the PHY requires + special handling. For instance, to change where the PHY's clock input is, + or to add a delay to account for latency issues in the data path. In order + to support such contingencies, the PHY Layer allows platform code to register + fixups to be run when the PHY is brought up (or subsequently reset). + + When the PHY Layer brings up a PHY it checks to see if there are any fixups + registered for it, matching based on UID (contained in the PHY device's phy_id + field) and the bus identifier (contained in phydev->dev.bus_id). Both must + match, however two constants, PHY_ANY_ID and PHY_ANY_UID, are provided as + wildcards for the bus ID and UID, respectively. + + When a match is found, the PHY layer will invoke the run function associated + with the fixup. This function is passed a pointer to the phy_device of + interest. It should therefore only operate on that PHY. + + The platform code can either register the fixup using phy_register_fixup(): + + int phy_register_fixup(const char *phy_id, + u32 phy_uid, u32 phy_uid_mask, + int (*run)(struct phy_device *)); + + Or using one of the two stubs, phy_register_fixup_for_uid() and + phy_register_fixup_for_id(): + + int phy_register_fixup_for_uid(u32 phy_uid, u32 phy_uid_mask, + int (*run)(struct phy_device *)); + int phy_register_fixup_for_id(const char *phy_id, + int (*run)(struct phy_device *)); + + The stubs set one of the two matching criteria, and set the other one to + match anything. + diff --git a/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt b/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt deleted file mode 100644 index bc2ab419a74..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,621 +0,0 @@ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Linux WAN Router Utilities Package ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Version 2.2.1 -Mar 28, 2001 -Author: Nenad Corbic <ncorbic@sangoma.com> -Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Sangoma Technologies Inc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -INTRODUCTION - -Wide Area Networks (WANs) are used to interconnect Local Area Networks (LANs) -and/or stand-alone hosts over vast distances with data transfer rates -significantly higher than those achievable with commonly used dial-up -connections. - -Usually an external device called `WAN router' sitting on your local network -or connected to your machine's serial port provides physical connection to -WAN. Although router's job may be as simple as taking your local network -traffic, converting it to WAN format and piping it through the WAN link, these -devices are notoriously expensive, with prices as much as 2 - 5 times higher -then the price of a typical PC box. - -Alternatively, considering robustness and multitasking capabilities of Linux, -an internal router can be built (most routers use some sort of stripped down -Unix-like operating system anyway). With a number of relatively inexpensive WAN -interface cards available on the market, a perfectly usable router can be -built for less than half a price of an external router. Yet a Linux box -acting as a router can still be used for other purposes, such as fire-walling, -running FTP, WWW or DNS server, etc. - -This kernel module introduces the notion of a WAN Link Driver (WLD) to Linux -operating system and provides generic hardware-independent services for such -drivers. Why can existing Linux network device interface not be used for -this purpose? Well, it can. However, there are a few key differences between -a typical network interface (e.g. Ethernet) and a WAN link. - -Many WAN protocols, such as X.25 and frame relay, allow for multiple logical -connections (known as `virtual circuits' in X.25 terminology) over a single -physical link. Each such virtual circuit may (and almost always does) lead -to a different geographical location and, therefore, different network. As a -result, it is the virtual circuit, not the physical link, that represents a -route and, therefore, a network interface in Linux terms. - -To further complicate things, virtual circuits are usually volatile in nature -(excluding so called `permanent' virtual circuits or PVCs). With almost no -time required to set up and tear down a virtual circuit, it is highly desirable -to implement on-demand connections in order to minimize network charges. So -unlike a typical network driver, the WAN driver must be able to handle multiple -network interfaces and cope as multiple virtual circuits come into existence -and go away dynamically. - -Last, but not least, WAN configuration is much more complex than that of say -Ethernet and may well amount to several dozens of parameters. Some of them -are "link-wide" while others are virtual circuit-specific. The same holds -true for WAN statistics which is by far more extensive and extremely useful -when troubleshooting WAN connections. Extending the ifconfig utility to suit -these needs may be possible, but does not seem quite reasonable. Therefore, a -WAN configuration utility and corresponding application programmer's interface -is needed for this purpose. - -Most of these problems are taken care of by this module. Its goal is to -provide a user with more-or-less standard look and feel for all WAN devices and -assist a WAN device driver writer by providing common services, such as: - - o User-level interface via /proc file system - o Centralized configuration - o Device management (setup, shutdown, etc.) - o Network interface management (dynamic creation/destruction) - o Protocol encapsulation/decapsulation - -To ba able to use the Linux WAN Router you will also need a WAN Tools package -available from - - ftp.sangoma.com/pub/linux/current_wanpipe/wanpipe-X.Y.Z.tgz - -where vX.Y.Z represent the wanpipe version number. - -For technical questions and/or comments please e-mail to ncorbic@sangoma.com. -For general inquiries please contact Sangoma Technologies Inc. by - - Hotline: 1-800-388-2475 (USA and Canada, toll free) - Phone: (905) 474-1990 ext: 106 - Fax: (905) 474-9223 - E-mail: dm@sangoma.com (David Mandelstam) - WWW: http://www.sangoma.com - - -INSTALLATION - -Please read the WanpipeForLinux.pdf manual on how to -install the WANPIPE tools and drivers properly. - - -After installing wanpipe package: /usr/local/wanrouter/doc. -On the ftp.sangoma.com : /linux/current_wanpipe/doc - - -COPYRIGHT AND LICENSING INFORMATION - -This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under -the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software -Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. - -This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT -ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS -FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. - -You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with -this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass -Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. - - - -ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - -This product is based on the WANPIPE(tm) Multiprotocol WAN Router developed -by Sangoma Technologies Inc. for Linux 2.0.x and 2.2.x. Success of the WANPIPE -together with the next major release of Linux kernel in summer 1996 commanded -adequate changes to the WANPIPE code to take full advantage of new Linux -features. - -Instead of continuing developing proprietary interface tied to Sangoma WAN -cards, we decided to separate all hardware-independent code into a separate -module and defined two levels of interfaces - one for user-level applications -and another for kernel-level WAN drivers. WANPIPE is now implemented as a -WAN driver compliant with the WAN Link Driver interface. Also a general -purpose WAN configuration utility and a set of shell scripts was developed to -support WAN router at the user level. - -Many useful ideas concerning hardware-independent interface implementation -were given by Mike McLagan <mike.mclagan@linux.org> and his implementation -of the Frame Relay router and drivers for Sangoma cards (dlci/sdla). - -With the new implementation of the APIs being incorporated into the WANPIPE, -a special thank goes to Alan Cox in providing insight into BSD sockets. - -Special thanks to all the WANPIPE users who performed field-testing, reported -bugs and made valuable comments and suggestions that help us to improve this -product. - - - -NEW IN THIS RELEASE - - o Updated the WANCFG utility - Calls the pppconfig to configure the PPPD - for async connections. - - o Added the PPPCONFIG utility - Used to configure the PPPD daemon for the - WANPIPE Async PPP and standard serial port. - The wancfg calls the pppconfig to configure - the pppd. - - o Fixed the PCI autodetect feature. - The SLOT 0 was used as an autodetect option - however, some high end PC's slot numbers start - from 0. - - o This release has been tested with the new backupd - daemon release. - - -PRODUCT COMPONENTS AND RELATED FILES - -/etc: (or user defined) - wanpipe1.conf default router configuration file - -/lib/modules/X.Y.Z/misc: - wanrouter.o router kernel loadable module - af_wanpipe.o wanpipe api socket module - -/lib/modules/X.Y.Z/net: - sdladrv.o Sangoma SDLA support module - wanpipe.o Sangoma WANPIPE(tm) driver module - -/proc/net/wanrouter - Config reads current router configuration - Status reads current router status - {name} reads WAN driver statistics - -/usr/sbin: - wanrouter wanrouter start-up script - wanconfig wanrouter configuration utility - sdladump WANPIPE adapter memory dump utility - fpipemon Monitor for Frame Relay - cpipemon Monitor for Cisco HDLC - ppipemon Monitor for PPP - xpipemon Monitor for X25 - wpkbdmon WANPIPE keyboard led monitor/debugger - -/usr/local/wanrouter: - README this file - COPYING GNU General Public License - Setup installation script - Filelist distribution definition file - wanrouter.rc meta-configuration file - (used by the Setup and wanrouter script) - -/usr/local/wanrouter/doc: - wanpipeForLinux.pdf WAN Router User's Manual - -/usr/local/wanrouter/patches: - wanrouter-v2213.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.11 up to 2.2.13. - wanrouter-v2214.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.2.14. - wanrouter-v2215.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.15 to 2.2.17. - wanrouter-v2218.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.18 and up. - wanrouter-v240.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.4.0. - wanrouter-v242.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.4.2 and up. - wanrouter-v2034.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.0.34 - wanrouter-v2036.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.0.36 and up. - -/usr/local/wanrouter/patches/kdrivers: - Sources of the latest WANPIPE device drivers. - These are used to UPGRADE the linux kernel to the newest - version if the kernel source has already been patched with - WANPIPE drivers. - -/usr/local/wanrouter/samples: - interface sample interface configuration file - wanpipe1.cpri CHDLC primary port - wanpipe2.csec CHDLC secondary port - wanpipe1.fr Frame Relay protocol - wanpipe1.ppp PPP protocol ) - wanpipe1.asy CHDLC ASYNC protocol - wanpipe1.x25 X25 protocol - wanpipe1.stty Sync TTY driver (Used by Kernel PPPD daemon) - wanpipe1.atty Async TTY driver (Used by Kernel PPPD daemon) - wanrouter.rc sample meta-configuration file - -/usr/local/wanrouter/util: - * wan-tools utilities source code - -/usr/local/wanrouter/api/x25: - * x25 api sample programs. -/usr/local/wanrouter/api/chdlc: - * chdlc api sample programs. -/usr/local/wanrouter/api/fr: - * fr api sample programs. -/usr/local/wanrouter/config/wancfg: - wancfg WANPIPE GUI configuration program. - Creates wanpipe#.conf files. -/usr/local/wanrouter/config/cfgft1: - cfgft1 GUI CSU/DSU configuration program. - -/usr/include/linux: - wanrouter.h router API definitions - wanpipe.h WANPIPE API definitions - sdladrv.h SDLA support module API definitions - sdlasfm.h SDLA firmware module definitions - if_wanpipe.h WANPIPE Socket definitions - sdlapci.h WANPIPE PCI definitions - - -/usr/src/linux/net/wanrouter: - * wanrouter source code - -/var/log: - wanrouter wanrouter start-up log (created by the Setup script) - -/var/lock: (or /var/lock/subsys for RedHat) - wanrouter wanrouter lock file (created by the Setup script) - -/usr/local/wanrouter/firmware: - fr514.sfm Frame relay firmware for Sangoma S508/S514 card - cdual514.sfm Dual Port Cisco HDLC firmware for Sangoma S508/S514 card - ppp514.sfm PPP Firmware for Sangoma S508 and S514 cards - x25_508.sfm X25 Firmware for Sangoma S508 card. - - -REVISION HISTORY - -1.0.0 December 31, 1996 Initial version - -1.0.1 January 30, 1997 Status and statistics can be read via /proc - filesystem entries. - -1.0.2 April 30, 1997 Added UDP management via monitors. - -1.0.3 June 3, 1997 UDP management for multiple boards using Frame - Relay and PPP - Enabled continuous transmission of Configure - Request Packet for PPP (for 508 only) - Connection Timeout for PPP changed from 900 to 0 - Flow Control Problem fixed for Frame Relay - -1.0.4 July 10, 1997 S508/FT1 monitoring capability in fpipemon and - ppipemon utilities. - Configurable TTL for UDP packets. - Multicast and Broadcast IP source addresses are - silently discarded. - -1.0.5 July 28, 1997 Configurable T391,T392,N391,N392,N393 for Frame - Relay in router.conf. - Configurable Memory Address through router.conf - for Frame Relay, PPP and X.25. (commenting this - out enables auto-detection). - Fixed freeing up received buffers using kfree() - for Frame Relay and X.25. - Protect sdla_peek() by calling save_flags(), - cli() and restore_flags(). - Changed number of Trace elements from 32 to 20 - Added DLCI specific data monitoring in FPIPEMON. -2.0.0 Nov 07, 1997 Implemented protection of RACE conditions by - critical flags for FRAME RELAY and PPP. - DLCI List interrupt mode implemented. - IPX support in FRAME RELAY and PPP. - IPX Server Support (MARS) - More driver specific stats included in FPIPEMON - and PIPEMON. - -2.0.1 Nov 28, 1997 Bug Fixes for version 2.0.0. - Protection of "enable_irq()" while - "disable_irq()" has been enabled from any other - routine (for Frame Relay, PPP and X25). - Added additional Stats for Fpipemon and Ppipemon - Improved Load Sharing for multiple boards - -2.0.2 Dec 09, 1997 Support for PAP and CHAP for ppp has been - implemented. - -2.0.3 Aug 15, 1998 New release supporting Cisco HDLC, CIR for Frame - relay, Dynamic IP assignment for PPP and Inverse - Arp support for Frame-relay. Man Pages are - included for better support and a new utility - for configuring FT1 cards. - -2.0.4 Dec 09, 1998 Dual Port support for Cisco HDLC. - Support for HDLC (LAPB) API. - Supports BiSync Streaming code for S502E - and S503 cards. - Support for Streaming HDLC API. - Provides a BSD socket interface for - creating applications using BiSync - streaming. - -2.0.5 Aug 04, 1999 CHDLC initialization bug fix. - PPP interrupt driven driver: - Fix to the PPP line hangup problem. - New PPP firmware - Added comments to the startup SYSTEM ERROR messages - Xpipemon debugging application for the X25 protocol - New USER_MANUAL.txt - Fixed the odd boundary 4byte writes to the board. - BiSync Streaming code has been taken out. - Available as a patch. - Streaming HDLC API has been taken out. - Available as a patch. - -2.0.6 Aug 17, 1999 Increased debugging in statup scripts - Fixed installation bugs from 2.0.5 - Kernel patch works for both 2.2.10 and 2.2.11 kernels. - There is no functional difference between the two packages - -2.0.7 Aug 26, 1999 o Merged X25API code into WANPIPE. - o Fixed a memory leak for X25API - o Updated the X25API code for 2.2.X kernels. - o Improved NEM handling. - -2.1.0 Oct 25, 1999 o New code for S514 PCI Card - o New CHDLC and Frame Relay drivers - o PPP and X25 are not supported in this release - -2.1.1 Nov 30, 1999 o PPP support for S514 PCI Cards - -2.1.3 Apr 06, 2000 o Socket based x25api - o Socket based chdlc api - o Socket based fr api - o Dual Port Receive only CHDLC support. - o Asynchronous CHDLC support (Secondary Port) - o cfgft1 GUI csu/dsu configurator - o wancfg GUI configuration file - configurator. - o Architectural directory changes. - -beta-2.1.4 Jul 2000 o Dynamic interface configuration: - Network interfaces reflect the state - of protocol layer. If the protocol becomes - disconnected, driver will bring down - the interface. Once the protocol reconnects - the interface will be brought up. - - Note: This option is turned off by default. - - o Dynamic wanrouter setup using 'wanconfig': - wanconfig utility can be used to - shutdown,restart,start or reconfigure - a virtual circuit dynamically. - - Frame Relay: Each DLCI can be: - created,stopped,restarted and reconfigured - dynamically using wanconfig. - - ex: wanconfig card wanpipe1 dev wp1_fr16 up - - o Wanrouter startup via command line arguments: - wanconfig also supports wanrouter startup via command line - arguments. Thus, there is no need to create a wanpipe#.conf - configuration file. - - o Socket based x25api update/bug fixes. - Added support for LCN numbers greater than 255. - Option to pass up modem messages. - Provided a PCI IRQ check, so a single S514 - card is guaranteed to have a non-sharing interrupt. - - o Fixes to the wancfg utility. - o New FT1 debugging support via *pipemon utilities. - o Frame Relay ARP support Enabled. - -beta3-2.1.4 Jul 2000 o X25 M_BIT Problem fix. - o Added the Multi-Port PPP - Updated utilities for the Multi-Port PPP. - -2.1.4 Aut 2000 - o In X25API: - Maximum packet an application can send - to the driver has been extended to 4096 bytes. - - Fixed the x25 startup bug. Enable - communications only after all interfaces - come up. HIGH SVC/PVC is used to calculate - the number of channels. - Enable protocol only after all interfaces - are enabled. - - o Added an extra state to the FT1 config, kernel module. - o Updated the pipemon debuggers. - - o Blocked the Multi-Port PPP from running on kernels - 2.2.16 or greater, due to syncppp kernel module - change. - -beta1-2.1.5 Nov 15 2000 - o Fixed the MultiPort PPP Support for kernels 2.2.16 and above. - 2.2.X kernels only - - o Secured the driver UDP debugging calls - - All illegal network debugging calls are reported to - the log. - - Defined a set of allowed commands, all other denied. - - o Cpipemon - - Added set FT1 commands to the cpipemon. Thus CSU/DSU - configuration can be performed using cpipemon. - All systems that cannot run cfgft1 GUI utility should - use cpipemon to configure the on board CSU/DSU. - - - o Keyboard Led Monitor/Debugger - - A new utility /usr/sbin/wpkbdmon uses keyboard leds - to convey operational statistic information of the - Sangoma WANPIPE cards. - NUM_LOCK = Line State (On=connected, Off=disconnected) - CAPS_LOCK = Tx data (On=transmitting, Off=no tx data) - SCROLL_LOCK = Rx data (On=receiving, Off=no rx data - - o Hardware probe on module load and dynamic device allocation - - During WANPIPE module load, all Sangoma cards are probed - and found information is printed in the /var/log/messages. - - If no cards are found, the module load fails. - - Appropriate number of devices are dynamically loaded - based on the number of Sangoma cards found. - - Note: The kernel configuration option - CONFIG_WANPIPE_CARDS has been taken out. - - o Fixed the Frame Relay and Chdlc network interfaces so they are - compatible with libpcap libraries. Meaning, tcpdump, snort, - ethereal, and all other packet sniffers and debuggers work on - all WANPIPE network interfaces. - - Set the network interface encoding type to ARPHRD_PPP. - This tell the sniffers that data obtained from the - network interface is in pure IP format. - Fix for 2.2.X kernels only. - - o True interface encoding option for Frame Relay and CHDLC - - The above fix sets the network interface encoding - type to ARPHRD_PPP, however some customers use - the encoding interface type to determine the - protocol running. Therefore, the TURE ENCODING - option will set the interface type back to the - original value. - - NOTE: If this option is used with Frame Relay and CHDLC - libpcap library support will be broken. - i.e. tcpdump will not work. - Fix for 2.2.x Kernels only. - - o Ethernet Bridgind over Frame Relay - - The Frame Relay bridging has been developed by - Kristian Hoffmann and Mark Wells. - - The Linux kernel bridge is used to send ethernet - data over the frame relay links. - For 2.2.X Kernels only. - - o Added extensive 2.0.X support. Most new features of - 2.1.5 for protocols Frame Relay, PPP and CHDLC are - supported under 2.0.X kernels. - -beta1-2.2.0 Dec 30 2000 - o Updated drivers for 2.4.X kernels. - o Updated drivers for SMP support. - o X25API is now able to share PCI interrupts. - o Took out a general polling routine that was used - only by X25API. - o Added appropriate locks to the dynamic reconfiguration - code. - o Fixed a bug in the keyboard debug monitor. - -beta2-2.2.0 Jan 8 2001 - o Patches for 2.4.0 kernel - o Patches for 2.2.18 kernel - o Minor updates to PPP and CHLDC drivers. - Note: No functional difference. - -beta3-2.2.9 Jan 10 2001 - o I missed the 2.2.18 kernel patches in beta2-2.2.0 - release. They are included in this release. - -Stable Release -2.2.0 Feb 01 2001 - o Bug fix in wancfg GUI configurator. - The edit function didn't work properly. - - -bata1-2.2.1 Feb 09 2001 - o WANPIPE TTY Driver emulation. - Two modes of operation Sync and Async. - Sync: Using the PPPD daemon, kernel SyncPPP layer - and the Wanpipe sync TTY driver: a PPP protocol - connection can be established via Sangoma adapter, over - a T1 leased line. - - The 2.4.0 kernel PPP layer supports MULTILINK - protocol, that can be used to bundle any number of Sangoma - adapters (T1 lines) into one, under a single IP address. - Thus, efficiently obtaining multiple T1 throughput. - - NOTE: The remote side must also implement MULTILINK PPP - protocol. - - Async:Using the PPPD daemon, kernel AsyncPPP layer - and the WANPIPE async TTY driver: a PPP protocol - connection can be established via Sangoma adapter and - a modem, over a telephone line. - - Thus, the WANPIPE async TTY driver simulates a serial - TTY driver that would normally be used to interface the - MODEM to the linux kernel. - - o WANPIPE PPP Backup Utility - This utility will monitor the state of the PPP T1 line. - In case of failure, a dial up connection will be established - via pppd daemon, ether via a serial tty driver (serial port), - or a WANPIPE async TTY driver (in case serial port is unavailable). - - Furthermore, while in dial up mode, the primary PPP T1 link - will be monitored for signs of life. - - If the PPP T1 link comes back to life, the dial up connection - will be shutdown and T1 line re-established. - - - o New Setup installation script. - Option to UPGRADE device drivers if the kernel source has - already been patched with WANPIPE. - - Option to COMPILE WANPIPE modules against the currently - running kernel, thus no need for manual kernel and module - re-compilation. - - o Updates and Bug Fixes to wancfg utility. - -bata2-2.2.1 Feb 20 2001 - - o Bug fixes to the CHDLC device drivers. - The driver had compilation problems under kernels - 2.2.14 or lower. - - o Bug fixes to the Setup installation script. - The device drivers compilation options didn't work - properly. - - o Update to the wpbackupd daemon. - Optimized the cross-over times, between the primary - link and the backup dialup. - -beta3-2.2.1 Mar 02 2001 - o Patches for 2.4.2 kernel. - - o Bug fixes to util/ make files. - o Bug fixes to the Setup installation script. - - o Took out the backupd support and made it into - as separate package. - -beta4-2.2.1 Mar 12 2001 - - o Fix to the Frame Relay Device driver. - IPSAC sends a packet of zero length - header to the frame relay driver. The - driver tries to push its own 2 byte header - into the packet, which causes the driver to - crash. - - o Fix the WANPIPE re-configuration code. - Bug was found by trying to run the cfgft1 while the - interface was already running. - - o Updates to cfgft1. - Writes a wanpipe#.cfgft1 configuration file - once the CSU/DSU is configured. This file can - holds the current CSU/DSU configuration. - - - ->>>>>> END OF README <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< - - diff --git a/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt b/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt index 7f60dfe642c..b152e81da59 100644 --- a/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt +++ b/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt @@ -253,6 +253,10 @@ characters, each representing a particular tainted value. 8: 'D' if the kernel has died recently, i.e. there was an OOPS or BUG. + 9: 'A' if the ACPI table has been overridden. + + 10: 'W' if a warning has previously been issued by the kernel. + The primary reason for the 'Tainted: ' string is to tell kernel debuggers if this is a clean kernel or if anything unusual has occurred. Tainting is permanent: even if an offending module is diff --git a/Documentation/power/devices.txt b/Documentation/power/devices.txt index 461e4f1dbec..421e7d00ffd 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/devices.txt @@ -196,6 +196,11 @@ its parent; and can't be removed or suspended after that parent. The policy is that the device tree should match hardware bus topology. (Or at least the control bus, for devices which use multiple busses.) +In particular, this means that a device registration may fail if the parent of +the device is suspending (ie. has been chosen by the PM core as the next +device to suspend) or has already suspended, as well as after all of the other +devices have been suspended. Device drivers must be prepared to cope with such +situations. Suspending Devices diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt index 7b4e8a70882..1d2a772506c 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt @@ -59,12 +59,39 @@ Table of Contents p) Freescale Synchronous Serial Interface q) USB EHCI controllers - VII - Specifying interrupt information for devices + VII - Marvell Discovery mv64[345]6x System Controller chips + 1) The /system-controller node + 2) Child nodes of /system-controller + a) Marvell Discovery MDIO bus + b) Marvell Discovery ethernet controller + c) Marvell Discovery PHY nodes + d) Marvell Discovery SDMA nodes + e) Marvell Discovery BRG nodes + f) Marvell Discovery CUNIT nodes + g) Marvell Discovery MPSCROUTING nodes + h) Marvell Discovery MPSCINTR nodes + i) Marvell Discovery MPSC nodes + j) Marvell Discovery Watch Dog Timer nodes + k) Marvell Discovery I2C nodes + l) Marvell Discovery PIC (Programmable Interrupt Controller) nodes + m) Marvell Discovery MPP (Multipurpose Pins) multiplexing nodes + n) Marvell Discovery GPP (General Purpose Pins) nodes + o) Marvell Discovery PCI host bridge node + p) Marvell Discovery CPU Error nodes + q) Marvell Discovery SRAM Controller nodes + r) Marvell Discovery PCI Error Handler nodes + s) Marvell Discovery Memory Controller nodes + + VIII - Specifying interrupt information for devices 1) interrupts property 2) interrupt-parent property 3) OpenPIC Interrupt Controllers 4) ISA Interrupt Controllers + VIII - Specifying GPIO information for devices + 1) gpios property + 2) gpio-controller nodes + Appendix A - Sample SOC node for MPC8540 @@ -1269,10 +1296,6 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. Recommended properties: - - linux,network-index : This is the intended "index" of this - network device. This is used by the bootwrapper to interpret - MAC addresses passed by the firmware when no information other - than indices is available to associate an address with a device. - phy-connection-type : a string naming the controller/PHY interface type, i.e., "mii" (default), "rmii", "gmii", "rgmii", "rgmii-id", "sgmii", "tbi", or "rtbi". This property is only really needed if the connection @@ -1622,8 +1645,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. - device_type : should be "network", "hldc", "uart", "transparent" "bisync", "atm", or "serial". - compatible : could be "ucc_geth" or "fsl_atm" and so on. - - model : should be "UCC". - - device-id : the ucc number(1-8), corresponding to UCCx in UM. + - cell-index : the ucc number(1-8), corresponding to UCCx in UM. - reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device - interrupts : <a b> where a is the interrupt number and b is a field that represents an encoding of the sense and level @@ -1667,10 +1689,6 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. - phy-handle : The phandle for the PHY connected to this controller. Recommended properties: - - linux,network-index : This is the intended "index" of this - network device. This is used by the bootwrapper to interpret - MAC addresses passed by the firmware when no information other - than indices is available to associate an address with a device. - phy-connection-type : a string naming the controller/PHY interface type, i.e., "mii" (default), "rmii", "gmii", "rgmii", "rgmii-id" (Internal Delay), "rgmii-txid" (delay on TX only), "rgmii-rxid" (delay on RX only), @@ -1680,8 +1698,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. ucc@2000 { device_type = "network"; compatible = "ucc_geth"; - model = "UCC"; - device-id = <1>; + cell-index = <1>; reg = <2000 200>; interrupts = <a0 0>; interrupt-parent = <700>; @@ -1995,7 +2012,6 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. interrupts = <20 8>; interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; phy-handle = <&PHY0>; - linux,network-index = <0>; fsl,cpm-command = <12000300>; }; @@ -2217,12 +2233,6 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. EMAC, that is the content of the current (bogus) "phy-port" property. - Recommended properties: - - linux,network-index : This is the intended "index" of this - network device. This is used by the bootwrapper to interpret - MAC addresses passed by the firmware when no information other - than indices is available to associate an address with a device. - Optional properties: - phy-address : 1 cell, optional, MDIO address of the PHY. If absent, a search is performed. @@ -2246,7 +2256,6 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. Example: EMAC0: ethernet@40000800 { - linux,network-index = <0>; device_type = "network"; compatible = "ibm,emac-440gp", "ibm,emac"; interrupt-parent = <&UIC1>; @@ -2592,6 +2601,17 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. differ between different families. May be 'virtex2p', 'virtex4', or 'virtex5'. + vi) Xilinx Uart 16550 + + Xilinx UART 16550 devices are very similar to the NS16550 but with + different register spacing and an offset from the base address. + + Requred properties: + - clock-frequency : Frequency of the clock input + - reg-offset : A value of 3 is required + - reg-shift : A value of 2 is required + + p) Freescale Synchronous Serial Interface The SSI is a serial device that communicates with audio codecs. It can @@ -2816,10 +2836,562 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. big-endian; }; + r) Freescale Display Interface Unit + + The Freescale DIU is a LCD controller, with proper hardware, it can also + drive DVI monitors. + + Required properties: + - compatible : should be "fsl-diu". + - reg : should contain at least address and length of the DIU register + set. + - Interrupts : one DIU interrupt should be describe here. + + Example (MPC8610HPCD) + display@2c000 { + compatible = "fsl,diu"; + reg = <0x2c000 100>; + interrupts = <72 2>; + interrupt-parent = <&mpic>; + }; + + s) Freescale on board FPGA + + This is the memory-mapped registers for on board FPGA. + + Required properities: + - compatible : should be "fsl,fpga-pixis". + - reg : should contain the address and the lenght of the FPPGA register + set. + + Example (MPC8610HPCD) + board-control@e8000000 { + compatible = "fsl,fpga-pixis"; + reg = <0xe8000000 32>; + }; + +VII - Marvell Discovery mv64[345]6x System Controller chips +=========================================================== + +The Marvell mv64[345]60 series of system controller chips contain +many of the peripherals needed to implement a complete computer +system. In this section, we define device tree nodes to describe +the system controller chip itself and each of the peripherals +which it contains. Compatible string values for each node are +prefixed with the string "marvell,", for Marvell Technology Group Ltd. + +1) The /system-controller node + + This node is used to represent the system-controller and must be + present when the system uses a system contller chip. The top-level + system-controller node contains information that is global to all + devices within the system controller chip. The node name begins + with "system-controller" followed by the unit address, which is + the base address of the memory-mapped register set for the system + controller chip. + + Required properties: + + - ranges : Describes the translation of system controller addresses + for memory mapped registers. + - clock-frequency: Contains the main clock frequency for the system + controller chip. + - reg : This property defines the address and size of the + memory-mapped registers contained within the system controller + chip. The address specified in the "reg" property should match + the unit address of the system-controller node. + - #address-cells : Address representation for system controller + devices. This field represents the number of cells needed to + represent the address of the memory-mapped registers of devices + within the system controller chip. + - #size-cells : Size representation for for the memory-mapped + registers within the system controller chip. + - #interrupt-cells : Defines the width of cells used to represent + interrupts. + + Optional properties: + + - model : The specific model of the system controller chip. Such + as, "mv64360", "mv64460", or "mv64560". + - compatible : A string identifying the compatibility identifiers + of the system controller chip. + + The system-controller node contains child nodes for each system + controller device that the platform uses. Nodes should not be created + for devices which exist on the system controller chip but are not used + + Example Marvell Discovery mv64360 system-controller node: + + system-controller@f1000000 { /* Marvell Discovery mv64360 */ + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <1>; + model = "mv64360"; /* Default */ + compatible = "marvell,mv64360"; + clock-frequency = <133333333>; + reg = <0xf1000000 0x10000>; + virtual-reg = <0xf1000000>; + ranges = <0x88000000 0x88000000 0x1000000 /* PCI 0 I/O Space */ + 0x80000000 0x80000000 0x8000000 /* PCI 0 MEM Space */ + 0xa0000000 0xa0000000 0x4000000 /* User FLASH */ + 0x00000000 0xf1000000 0x0010000 /* Bridge's regs */ + 0xf2000000 0xf2000000 0x0040000>;/* Integrated SRAM */ + + [ child node definitions... ] + } + +2) Child nodes of /system-controller + + a) Marvell Discovery MDIO bus + + The MDIO is a bus to which the PHY devices are connected. For each + device that exists on this bus, a child node should be created. See + the definition of the PHY node below for an example of how to define + a PHY. + + Required properties: + - #address-cells : Should be <1> + - #size-cells : Should be <0> + - device_type : Should be "mdio" + - compatible : Should be "marvell,mv64360-mdio" + + Example: + + mdio { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + device_type = "mdio"; + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-mdio"; + + ethernet-phy@0 { + ...... + }; + }; + + + b) Marvell Discovery ethernet controller + + The Discover ethernet controller is described with two levels + of nodes. The first level describes an ethernet silicon block + and the second level describes up to 3 ethernet nodes within + that block. The reason for the multiple levels is that the + registers for the node are interleaved within a single set + of registers. The "ethernet-block" level describes the + shared register set, and the "ethernet" nodes describe ethernet + port-specific properties. + + Ethernet block node + + Required properties: + - #address-cells : <1> + - #size-cells : <0> + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-eth-block" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this block + + Example Discovery Ethernet block node: + ethernet-block@2000 { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-eth-block"; + reg = <0x2000 0x2000>; + ethernet@0 { + ....... + }; + }; + + Ethernet port node + + Required properties: + - device_type : Should be "network". + - compatible : Should be "marvell,mv64360-eth". + - reg : Should be <0>, <1>, or <2>, according to which registers + within the silicon block the device uses. + - interrupts : <a> where a is the interrupt number for the port. + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + - phy : the phandle for the PHY connected to this ethernet + controller. + - local-mac-address : 6 bytes, MAC address + + Example Discovery Ethernet port node: + ethernet@0 { + device_type = "network"; + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-eth"; + reg = <0>; + interrupts = <32>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + phy = <&PHY0>; + local-mac-address = [ 00 00 00 00 00 00 ]; + }; + + + + c) Marvell Discovery PHY nodes + + Required properties: + - device_type : Should be "ethernet-phy" + - interrupts : <a> where a is the interrupt number for this phy. + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller that + services interrupts for this device. + - reg : The ID number for the phy, usually a small integer - More devices will be defined as this spec matures. + Example Discovery PHY node: + ethernet-phy@1 { + device_type = "ethernet-phy"; + compatible = "broadcom,bcm5421"; + interrupts = <76>; /* GPP 12 */ + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + reg = <1>; + }; -VII - Specifying interrupt information for devices + + d) Marvell Discovery SDMA nodes + + Represent DMA hardware associated with the MPSC (multiprotocol + serial controllers). + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-sdma" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - interrupts : <a> where a is the interrupt number for the DMA + device. + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + + Example Discovery SDMA node: + sdma@4000 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-sdma"; + reg = <0x4000 0xc18>; + virtual-reg = <0xf1004000>; + interrupts = <36>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + }; + + + e) Marvell Discovery BRG nodes + + Represent baud rate generator hardware associated with the MPSC + (multiprotocol serial controllers). + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-brg" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - clock-src : A value from 0 to 15 which selects the clock + source for the baud rate generator. This value corresponds + to the CLKS value in the BRGx configuration register. See + the mv64x60 User's Manual. + - clock-frequence : The frequency (in Hz) of the baud rate + generator's input clock. + - current-speed : The current speed setting (presumably by + firmware) of the baud rate generator. + + Example Discovery BRG node: + brg@b200 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-brg"; + reg = <0xb200 0x8>; + clock-src = <8>; + clock-frequency = <133333333>; + current-speed = <9600>; + }; + + + f) Marvell Discovery CUNIT nodes + + Represent the Serial Communications Unit device hardware. + + Required properties: + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + + Example Discovery CUNIT node: + cunit@f200 { + reg = <0xf200 0x200>; + }; + + + g) Marvell Discovery MPSCROUTING nodes + + Represent the Discovery's MPSC routing hardware + + Required properties: + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + + Example Discovery CUNIT node: + mpscrouting@b500 { + reg = <0xb400 0xc>; + }; + + + h) Marvell Discovery MPSCINTR nodes + + Represent the Discovery's MPSC DMA interrupt hardware registers + (SDMA cause and mask registers). + + Required properties: + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + + Example Discovery MPSCINTR node: + mpsintr@b800 { + reg = <0xb800 0x100>; + }; + + + i) Marvell Discovery MPSC nodes + + Represent the Discovery's MPSC (Multiprotocol Serial Controller) + serial port. + + Required properties: + - device_type : "serial" + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-mpsc" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - sdma : the phandle for the SDMA node used by this port + - brg : the phandle for the BRG node used by this port + - cunit : the phandle for the CUNIT node used by this port + - mpscrouting : the phandle for the MPSCROUTING node used by this port + - mpscintr : the phandle for the MPSCINTR node used by this port + - cell-index : the hardware index of this cell in the MPSC core + - max_idle : value needed for MPSC CHR3 (Maximum Frame Length) + register + - interrupts : <a> where a is the interrupt number for the MPSC. + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + + Example Discovery MPSCINTR node: + mpsc@8000 { + device_type = "serial"; + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-mpsc"; + reg = <0x8000 0x38>; + virtual-reg = <0xf1008000>; + sdma = <&SDMA0>; + brg = <&BRG0>; + cunit = <&CUNIT>; + mpscrouting = <&MPSCROUTING>; + mpscintr = <&MPSCINTR>; + cell-index = <0>; + max_idle = <40>; + interrupts = <40>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + }; + + + j) Marvell Discovery Watch Dog Timer nodes + + Represent the Discovery's watchdog timer hardware + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-wdt" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + + Example Discovery Watch Dog Timer node: + wdt@b410 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-wdt"; + reg = <0xb410 0x8>; + }; + + + k) Marvell Discovery I2C nodes + + Represent the Discovery's I2C hardware + + Required properties: + - device_type : "i2c" + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-i2c" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - interrupts : <a> where a is the interrupt number for the I2C. + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + + Example Discovery I2C node: + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-i2c"; + reg = <0xc000 0x20>; + virtual-reg = <0xf100c000>; + interrupts = <37>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + }; + + + l) Marvell Discovery PIC (Programmable Interrupt Controller) nodes + + Represent the Discovery's PIC hardware + + Required properties: + - #interrupt-cells : <1> + - #address-cells : <0> + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-pic" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - interrupt-controller + + Example Discovery PIC node: + pic { + #interrupt-cells = <1>; + #address-cells = <0>; + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-pic"; + reg = <0x0 0x88>; + interrupt-controller; + }; + + + m) Marvell Discovery MPP (Multipurpose Pins) multiplexing nodes + + Represent the Discovery's MPP hardware + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-mpp" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + + Example Discovery MPP node: + mpp@f000 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-mpp"; + reg = <0xf000 0x10>; + }; + + + n) Marvell Discovery GPP (General Purpose Pins) nodes + + Represent the Discovery's GPP hardware + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-gpp" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + + Example Discovery GPP node: + gpp@f000 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-gpp"; + reg = <0xf100 0x20>; + }; + + + o) Marvell Discovery PCI host bridge node + + Represents the Discovery's PCI host bridge device. The properties + for this node conform to Rev 2.1 of the PCI Bus Binding to IEEE + 1275-1994. A typical value for the compatible property is + "marvell,mv64360-pci". + + Example Discovery PCI host bridge node + pci@80000000 { + #address-cells = <3>; + #size-cells = <2>; + #interrupt-cells = <1>; + device_type = "pci"; + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-pci"; + reg = <0xcf8 0x8>; + ranges = <0x01000000 0x0 0x0 + 0x88000000 0x0 0x01000000 + 0x02000000 0x0 0x80000000 + 0x80000000 0x0 0x08000000>; + bus-range = <0 255>; + clock-frequency = <66000000>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + interrupt-map-mask = <0xf800 0x0 0x0 0x7>; + interrupt-map = < + /* IDSEL 0x0a */ + 0x5000 0 0 1 &PIC 80 + 0x5000 0 0 2 &PIC 81 + 0x5000 0 0 3 &PIC 91 + 0x5000 0 0 4 &PIC 93 + + /* IDSEL 0x0b */ + 0x5800 0 0 1 &PIC 91 + 0x5800 0 0 2 &PIC 93 + 0x5800 0 0 3 &PIC 80 + 0x5800 0 0 4 &PIC 81 + + /* IDSEL 0x0c */ + 0x6000 0 0 1 &PIC 91 + 0x6000 0 0 2 &PIC 93 + 0x6000 0 0 3 &PIC 80 + 0x6000 0 0 4 &PIC 81 + + /* IDSEL 0x0d */ + 0x6800 0 0 1 &PIC 93 + 0x6800 0 0 2 &PIC 80 + 0x6800 0 0 3 &PIC 81 + 0x6800 0 0 4 &PIC 91 + >; + }; + + + p) Marvell Discovery CPU Error nodes + + Represent the Discovery's CPU error handler device. + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-cpu-error" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - interrupts : the interrupt number for this device + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + + Example Discovery CPU Error node: + cpu-error@0070 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-cpu-error"; + reg = <0x70 0x10 0x128 0x28>; + interrupts = <3>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + }; + + + q) Marvell Discovery SRAM Controller nodes + + Represent the Discovery's SRAM controller device. + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-sram-ctrl" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - interrupts : the interrupt number for this device + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + + Example Discovery SRAM Controller node: + sram-ctrl@0380 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-sram-ctrl"; + reg = <0x380 0x80>; + interrupts = <13>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + }; + + + r) Marvell Discovery PCI Error Handler nodes + + Represent the Discovery's PCI error handler device. + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-pci-error" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - interrupts : the interrupt number for this device + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + + Example Discovery PCI Error Handler node: + pci-error@1d40 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-pci-error"; + reg = <0x1d40 0x40 0xc28 0x4>; + interrupts = <12>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + }; + + + s) Marvell Discovery Memory Controller nodes + + Represent the Discovery's memory controller device. + + Required properties: + - compatible : "marvell,mv64360-mem-ctrl" + - reg : Offset and length of the register set for this device + - interrupts : the interrupt number for this device + - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller + that services interrupts for this device. + + Example Discovery Memory Controller node: + mem-ctrl@1400 { + compatible = "marvell,mv64360-mem-ctrl"; + reg = <0x1400 0x60>; + interrupts = <17>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + }; + + +VIII - Specifying interrupt information for devices =================================================== The device tree represents the busses and devices of a hardware @@ -2905,6 +3477,54 @@ encodings listed below: 2 = high to low edge sensitive type enabled 3 = low to high edge sensitive type enabled +VIII - Specifying GPIO information for devices +============================================== + +1) gpios property +----------------- + +Nodes that makes use of GPIOs should define them using `gpios' property, +format of which is: <&gpio-controller1-phandle gpio1-specifier + &gpio-controller2-phandle gpio2-specifier + 0 /* holes are permitted, means no GPIO 3 */ + &gpio-controller4-phandle gpio4-specifier + ...>; + +Note that gpio-specifier length is controller dependent. + +gpio-specifier may encode: bank, pin position inside the bank, +whether pin is open-drain and whether pin is logically inverted. + +Example of the node using GPIOs: + + node { + gpios = <&qe_pio_e 18 0>; + }; + +In this example gpio-specifier is "18 0" and encodes GPIO pin number, +and empty GPIO flags as accepted by the "qe_pio_e" gpio-controller. + +2) gpio-controller nodes +------------------------ + +Every GPIO controller node must have #gpio-cells property defined, +this information will be used to translate gpio-specifiers. + +Example of two SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes: + + qe_pio_a: gpio-controller@1400 { + #gpio-cells = <2>; + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-a", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1400 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + }; + + qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 { + #gpio-cells = <2>; + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1460 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + }; Appendix A - Sample SOC node for MPC8540 ======================================== diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/kvm_440.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/kvm_440.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c02a003fa03 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/kvm_440.txt @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +Hollis Blanchard <hollisb@us.ibm.com> +15 Apr 2008 + +Various notes on the implementation of KVM for PowerPC 440: + +To enforce isolation, host userspace, guest kernel, and guest userspace all +run at user privilege level. Only the host kernel runs in supervisor mode. +Executing privileged instructions in the guest traps into KVM (in the host +kernel), where we decode and emulate them. Through this technique, unmodified +440 Linux kernels can be run (slowly) as guests. Future performance work will +focus on reducing the overhead and frequency of these traps. + +The usual code flow is started from userspace invoking an "run" ioctl, which +causes KVM to switch into guest context. We use IVPR to hijack the host +interrupt vectors while running the guest, which allows us to direct all +interrupts to kvmppc_handle_interrupt(). At this point, we could either +- handle the interrupt completely (e.g. emulate "mtspr SPRG0"), or +- let the host interrupt handler run (e.g. when the decrementer fires), or +- return to host userspace (e.g. when the guest performs device MMIO) + +Address spaces: We take advantage of the fact that Linux doesn't use the AS=1 +address space (in host or guest), which gives us virtual address space to use +for guest mappings. While the guest is running, the host kernel remains mapped +in AS=0, but the guest can only use AS=1 mappings. + +TLB entries: The TLB entries covering the host linear mapping remain +present while running the guest. This reduces the overhead of lightweight +exits, which are handled by KVM running in the host kernel. We keep three +copies of the TLB: + - guest TLB: contents of the TLB as the guest sees it + - shadow TLB: the TLB that is actually in hardware while guest is running + - host TLB: to restore TLB state when context switching guest -> host +When a TLB miss occurs because a mapping was not present in the shadow TLB, +but was present in the guest TLB, KVM handles the fault without invoking the +guest. Large guest pages are backed by multiple 4KB shadow pages through this +mechanism. + +IO: MMIO and DCR accesses are emulated by userspace. We use virtio for network +and block IO, so those drivers must be enabled in the guest. It's possible +that some qemu device emulation (e.g. e1000 or rtl8139) may also work with +little effort. diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt index 5e03610e186..cda7a7dffa6 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt @@ -186,6 +186,12 @@ Recommended soc5200 child nodes; populate as needed for your board name device_type compatible Description ---- ----------- ---------- ----------- gpt@<addr> gpt fsl,mpc5200-gpt General purpose timers +gpt@<addr> gpt fsl,mpc5200-gpt-gpio General purpose + timers in GPIO mode +gpio@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-gpio MPC5200 simple gpio + controller +gpio@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-gpio-wkup MPC5200 wakeup gpio + controller rtc@<addr> rtc mpc5200-rtc Real time clock mscan@<addr> mscan mpc5200-mscan CAN bus controller pci@<addr> pci mpc5200-pci PCI bridge @@ -225,6 +231,12 @@ PSC in i2s mode: The mpc5200 and mpc5200b PSCs are not compatible when in i2s mode. An 'mpc5200b-psc-i2s' node cannot include 'mpc5200-psc-i2s' in the compatible field. +7) GPIO controller nodes +Each GPIO controller node should have the empty property gpio-controller and +#gpio-cells set to 2. First cell is the GPIO number which is interpreted +according to the bit numbers in the GPIO control registers. The second cell +is for flags which is currently unsused. + IV - Extra Notes ================ diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/phyp-assisted-dump.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/phyp-assisted-dump.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c4682b982a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/phyp-assisted-dump.txt @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ + + Hypervisor-Assisted Dump + ------------------------ + November 2007 + +The goal of hypervisor-assisted dump is to enable the dump of +a crashed system, and to do so from a fully-reset system, and +to minimize the total elapsed time until the system is back +in production use. + +As compared to kdump or other strategies, hypervisor-assisted +dump offers several strong, practical advantages: + +-- Unlike kdump, the system has been reset, and loaded + with a fresh copy of the kernel. In particular, + PCI and I/O devices have been reinitialized and are + in a clean, consistent state. +-- As the dump is performed, the dumped memory becomes + immediately available to the system for normal use. +-- After the dump is completed, no further reboots are + required; the system will be fully usable, and running + in it's normal, production mode on it normal kernel. + +The above can only be accomplished by coordination with, +and assistance from the hypervisor. The procedure is +as follows: + +-- When a system crashes, the hypervisor will save + the low 256MB of RAM to a previously registered + save region. It will also save system state, system + registers, and hardware PTE's. + +-- After the low 256MB area has been saved, the + hypervisor will reset PCI and other hardware state. + It will *not* clear RAM. It will then launch the + bootloader, as normal. + +-- The freshly booted kernel will notice that there + is a new node (ibm,dump-kernel) in the device tree, + indicating that there is crash data available from + a previous boot. It will boot into only 256MB of RAM, + reserving the rest of system memory. + +-- Userspace tools will parse /sys/kernel/release_region + and read /proc/vmcore to obtain the contents of memory, + which holds the previous crashed kernel. The userspace + tools may copy this info to disk, or network, nas, san, + iscsi, etc. as desired. + + For Example: the values in /sys/kernel/release-region + would look something like this (address-range pairs). + CPU:0x177fee000-0x10000: HPTE:0x177ffe020-0x1000: / + DUMP:0x177fff020-0x10000000, 0x10000000-0x16F1D370A + +-- As the userspace tools complete saving a portion of + dump, they echo an offset and size to + /sys/kernel/release_region to release the reserved + memory back to general use. + + An example of this is: + "echo 0x40000000 0x10000000 > /sys/kernel/release_region" + which will release 256MB at the 1GB boundary. + +Please note that the hypervisor-assisted dump feature +is only available on Power6-based systems with recent +firmware versions. + +Implementation details: +---------------------- + +During boot, a check is made to see if firmware supports +this feature on this particular machine. If it does, then +we check to see if a active dump is waiting for us. If yes +then everything but 256 MB of RAM is reserved during early +boot. This area is released once we collect a dump from user +land scripts that are run. If there is dump data, then +the /sys/kernel/release_region file is created, and +the reserved memory is held. + +If there is no waiting dump data, then only the highest +256MB of the ram is reserved as a scratch area. This area +is *not* released: this region will be kept permanently +reserved, so that it can act as a receptacle for a copy +of the low 256MB in the case a crash does occur. See, +however, "open issues" below, as to whether +such a reserved region is really needed. + +Currently the dump will be copied from /proc/vmcore to a +a new file upon user intervention. The starting address +to be read and the range for each data point in provided +in /sys/kernel/release_region. + +The tools to examine the dump will be same as the ones +used for kdump. + +General notes: +-------------- +Security: please note that there are potential security issues +with any sort of dump mechanism. In particular, plaintext +(unencrypted) data, and possibly passwords, may be present in +the dump data. Userspace tools must take adequate precautions to +preserve security. + +Open issues/ToDo: +------------ + o The various code paths that tell the hypervisor that a crash + occurred, vs. it simply being a normal reboot, should be + reviewed, and possibly clarified/fixed. + + o Instead of using /sys/kernel, should there be a /sys/dump + instead? There is a dump_subsys being created by the s390 code, + perhaps the pseries code should use a similar layout as well. + + o Is reserving a 256MB region really required? The goal of + reserving a 256MB scratch area is to make sure that no + important crash data is clobbered when the hypervisor + save low mem to the scratch area. But, if one could assure + that nothing important is located in some 256MB area, then + it would not need to be reserved. Something that can be + improved in subsequent versions. + + o Still working the kdump team to integrate this with kdump, + some work remains but this would not affect the current + patches. + + o Still need to write a shell script, to copy the dump away. + Currently I am parsing it manually. diff --git a/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-ctxt-sw-stress-test.c b/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-ctxt-sw-stress-test.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f8e8e95e81f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-ctxt-sw-stress-test.c @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +/* + * Tests for prctl(PR_GET_TSC, ...) / prctl(PR_SET_TSC, ...) + * + * Tests if the control register is updated correctly + * at context switches + * + * Warning: this test will cause a very high load for a few seconds + * + */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <inttypes.h> +#include <wait.h> + + +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <linux/prctl.h> + +/* Get/set the process' ability to use the timestamp counter instruction */ +#ifndef PR_GET_TSC +#define PR_GET_TSC 25 +#define PR_SET_TSC 26 +# define PR_TSC_ENABLE 1 /* allow the use of the timestamp counter */ +# define PR_TSC_SIGSEGV 2 /* throw a SIGSEGV instead of reading the TSC */ +#endif + +uint64_t rdtsc() { +uint32_t lo, hi; +/* We cannot use "=A", since this would use %rax on x86_64 */ +__asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi)); +return (uint64_t)hi << 32 | lo; +} + +void sigsegv_expect(int sig) +{ + /* */ +} + +void segvtask(void) +{ + if (prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_SIGSEGV) < 0) + { + perror("prctl"); + exit(0); + } + signal(SIGSEGV, sigsegv_expect); + alarm(10); + rdtsc(); + fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR, rdtsc() succeeded while disabled\n"); + exit(0); +} + + +void sigsegv_fail(int sig) +{ + fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR, rdtsc() failed while enabled\n"); + exit(0); +} + +void rdtsctask(void) +{ + if (prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_ENABLE) < 0) + { + perror("prctl"); + exit(0); + } + signal(SIGSEGV, sigsegv_fail); + alarm(10); + for(;;) rdtsc(); +} + + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + int n_tasks = 100, i; + + fprintf(stderr, "[No further output means we're allright]\n"); + + for (i=0; i<n_tasks; i++) + if (fork() == 0) + { + if (i & 1) + segvtask(); + else + rdtsctask(); + } + + for (i=0; i<n_tasks; i++) + wait(NULL); + + exit(0); +} + diff --git a/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-on-off-stress-test.c b/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-on-off-stress-test.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1fcd9144537 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-on-off-stress-test.c @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +/* + * Tests for prctl(PR_GET_TSC, ...) / prctl(PR_SET_TSC, ...) + * + * Tests if the control register is updated correctly + * when set with prctl() + * + * Warning: this test will cause a very high load for a few seconds + * + */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <inttypes.h> +#include <wait.h> + + +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <linux/prctl.h> + +/* Get/set the process' ability to use the timestamp counter instruction */ +#ifndef PR_GET_TSC +#define PR_GET_TSC 25 +#define PR_SET_TSC 26 +# define PR_TSC_ENABLE 1 /* allow the use of the timestamp counter */ +# define PR_TSC_SIGSEGV 2 /* throw a SIGSEGV instead of reading the TSC */ +#endif + +/* snippet from wikipedia :-) */ + +uint64_t rdtsc() { +uint32_t lo, hi; +/* We cannot use "=A", since this would use %rax on x86_64 */ +__asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi)); +return (uint64_t)hi << 32 | lo; +} + +int should_segv = 0; + +void sigsegv_cb(int sig) +{ + if (!should_segv) + { + fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR, rdtsc() failed while enabled\n"); + exit(0); + } + if (prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_ENABLE) < 0) + { + perror("prctl"); + exit(0); + } + should_segv = 0; + + rdtsc(); +} + +void task(void) +{ + signal(SIGSEGV, sigsegv_cb); + alarm(10); + for(;;) + { + rdtsc(); + if (should_segv) + { + fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR, rdtsc() succeeded while disabled\n"); + exit(0); + } + if (prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_SIGSEGV) < 0) + { + perror("prctl"); + exit(0); + } + should_segv = 1; + } +} + + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + int n_tasks = 100, i; + + fprintf(stderr, "[No further output means we're allright]\n"); + + for (i=0; i<n_tasks; i++) + if (fork() == 0) + task(); + + for (i=0; i<n_tasks; i++) + wait(NULL); + + exit(0); +} + diff --git a/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-test.c b/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-test.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..843c81eac23 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/prctl/disable-tsc-test.c @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +/* + * Tests for prctl(PR_GET_TSC, ...) / prctl(PR_SET_TSC, ...) + * + * Basic test to test behaviour of PR_GET_TSC and PR_SET_TSC + */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <inttypes.h> + + +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <linux/prctl.h> + +/* Get/set the process' ability to use the timestamp counter instruction */ +#ifndef PR_GET_TSC +#define PR_GET_TSC 25 +#define PR_SET_TSC 26 +# define PR_TSC_ENABLE 1 /* allow the use of the timestamp counter */ +# define PR_TSC_SIGSEGV 2 /* throw a SIGSEGV instead of reading the TSC */ +#endif + +const char *tsc_names[] = +{ + [0] = "[not set]", + [PR_TSC_ENABLE] = "PR_TSC_ENABLE", + [PR_TSC_SIGSEGV] = "PR_TSC_SIGSEGV", +}; + +uint64_t rdtsc() { +uint32_t lo, hi; +/* We cannot use "=A", since this would use %rax on x86_64 */ +__asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi)); +return (uint64_t)hi << 32 | lo; +} + +void sigsegv_cb(int sig) +{ + int tsc_val = 0; + + printf("[ SIG_SEGV ]\n"); + printf("prctl(PR_GET_TSC, &tsc_val); "); + fflush(stdout); + + if ( prctl(PR_GET_TSC, &tsc_val) == -1) + perror("prctl"); + + printf("tsc_val == %s\n", tsc_names[tsc_val]); + printf("prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_ENABLE)\n"); + fflush(stdout); + if ( prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_ENABLE) == -1) + perror("prctl"); + + printf("rdtsc() == "); +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + int tsc_val = 0; + + signal(SIGSEGV, sigsegv_cb); + + printf("rdtsc() == %llu\n", (unsigned long long)rdtsc()); + printf("prctl(PR_GET_TSC, &tsc_val); "); + fflush(stdout); + + if ( prctl(PR_GET_TSC, &tsc_val) == -1) + perror("prctl"); + + printf("tsc_val == %s\n", tsc_names[tsc_val]); + printf("rdtsc() == %llu\n", (unsigned long long)rdtsc()); + printf("prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_ENABLE)\n"); + fflush(stdout); + + if ( prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_ENABLE) == -1) + perror("prctl"); + + printf("rdtsc() == %llu\n", (unsigned long long)rdtsc()); + printf("prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_SIGSEGV)\n"); + fflush(stdout); + + if ( prctl(PR_SET_TSC, PR_TSC_SIGSEGV) == -1) + perror("prctl"); + + printf("rdtsc() == "); + fflush(stdout); + printf("%llu\n", (unsigned long long)rdtsc()); + fflush(stdout); + + exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); +} + diff --git a/Documentation/s390/kvm.txt b/Documentation/s390/kvm.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6f5ceb0f09f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/s390/kvm.txt @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +*** BIG FAT WARNING *** +The kvm module is currently in EXPERIMENTAL state for s390. This means that +the interface to the module is not yet considered to remain stable. Thus, be +prepared that we keep breaking your userspace application and guest +compatibility over and over again until we feel happy with the result. Make sure +your guest kernel, your host kernel, and your userspace launcher are in a +consistent state. + +This Documentation describes the unique ioctl calls to /dev/kvm, the resulting +kvm-vm file descriptors, and the kvm-vcpu file descriptors that differ from x86. + +1. ioctl calls to /dev/kvm +KVM does support the following ioctls on s390 that are common with other +architectures and do behave the same: +KVM_GET_API_VERSION +KVM_CREATE_VM (*) see note +KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION +KVM_GET_VCPU_MMAP_SIZE + +Notes: +* KVM_CREATE_VM may fail on s390, if the calling process has multiple +threads and has not called KVM_S390_ENABLE_SIE before. + +In addition, on s390 the following architecture specific ioctls are supported: +ioctl: KVM_S390_ENABLE_SIE +args: none +see also: include/linux/kvm.h +This call causes the kernel to switch on PGSTE in the user page table. This +operation is needed in order to run a virtual machine, and it requires the +calling process to be single-threaded. Note that the first call to KVM_CREATE_VM +will implicitly try to switch on PGSTE if the user process has not called +KVM_S390_ENABLE_SIE before. User processes that want to launch multiple threads +before creating a virtual machine have to call KVM_S390_ENABLE_SIE, or will +observe an error calling KVM_CREATE_VM. Switching on PGSTE is a one-time +operation, is not reversible, and will persist over the entire lifetime of +the calling process. It does not have any user-visible effect other than a small +performance penalty. + +2. ioctl calls to the kvm-vm file descriptor +KVM does support the following ioctls on s390 that are common with other +architectures and do behave the same: +KVM_CREATE_VCPU +KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION (*) see note +KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG (**) see note + +Notes: +* kvm does only allow exactly one memory slot on s390, which has to start + at guest absolute address zero and at a user address that is aligned on any + page boundary. This hardware "limitation" allows us to have a few unique + optimizations. The memory slot doesn't have to be filled + with memory actually, it may contain sparse holes. That said, with different + user memory layout this does still allow a large flexibility when + doing the guest memory setup. +** KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG doesn't work properly yet. The user will receive an empty +log. This ioctl call is only needed for guest migration, and we intend to +implement this one in the future. + +In addition, on s390 the following architecture specific ioctls for the kvm-vm +file descriptor are supported: +ioctl: KVM_S390_INTERRUPT +args: struct kvm_s390_interrupt * +see also: include/linux/kvm.h +This ioctl is used to submit a floating interrupt for a virtual machine. +Floating interrupts may be delivered to any virtual cpu in the configuration. +Only some interrupt types defined in include/linux/kvm.h make sense when +submitted as floating interrupts. The following interrupts are not considered +to be useful as floating interrupts, and a call to inject them will result in +-EINVAL error code: program interrupts and interprocessor signals. Valid +floating interrupts are: +KVM_S390_INT_VIRTIO +KVM_S390_INT_SERVICE + +3. ioctl calls to the kvm-vcpu file descriptor +KVM does support the following ioctls on s390 that are common with other +architectures and do behave the same: +KVM_RUN +KVM_GET_REGS +KVM_SET_REGS +KVM_GET_SREGS +KVM_SET_SREGS +KVM_GET_FPU +KVM_SET_FPU + +In addition, on s390 the following architecture specific ioctls for the +kvm-vcpu file descriptor are supported: +ioctl: KVM_S390_INTERRUPT +args: struct kvm_s390_interrupt * +see also: include/linux/kvm.h +This ioctl is used to submit an interrupt for a specific virtual cpu. +Only some interrupt types defined in include/linux/kvm.h make sense when +submitted for a specific cpu. The following interrupts are not considered +to be useful, and a call to inject them will result in -EINVAL error code: +service processor calls and virtio interrupts. Valid interrupt types are: +KVM_S390_PROGRAM_INT +KVM_S390_SIGP_STOP +KVM_S390_RESTART +KVM_S390_SIGP_SET_PREFIX +KVM_S390_INT_EMERGENCY + +ioctl: KVM_S390_STORE_STATUS +args: unsigned long +see also: include/linux/kvm.h +This ioctl stores the state of the cpu at the guest real address given as +argument, unless one of the following values defined in include/linux/kvm.h +is given as arguement: +KVM_S390_STORE_STATUS_NOADDR - the CPU stores its status to the save area in +absolute lowcore as defined by the principles of operation +KVM_S390_STORE_STATUS_PREFIXED - the CPU stores its status to the save area in +its prefix page just like the dump tool that comes with zipl. This is useful +to create a system dump for use with lkcdutils or crash. + +ioctl: KVM_S390_SET_INITIAL_PSW +args: struct kvm_s390_psw * +see also: include/linux/kvm.h +This ioctl can be used to set the processor status word (psw) of a stopped cpu +prior to running it with KVM_RUN. Note that this call is not required to modify +the psw during sie intercepts that fall back to userspace because struct kvm_run +does contain the psw, and this value is evaluated during reentry of KVM_RUN +after the intercept exit was recognized. + +ioctl: KVM_S390_INITIAL_RESET +args: none +see also: include/linux/kvm.h +This ioctl can be used to perform an initial cpu reset as defined by the +principles of operation. The target cpu has to be in stopped state. diff --git a/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt b/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt index 0eb7c58916d..e0542097369 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt @@ -115,6 +115,27 @@ Return Value: Handle for generated debug area Description: Allocates memory for a debug log Must not be called within an interrupt handler +---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +debug_info_t *debug_register_mode(char *name, int pages, int nr_areas, + int buf_size, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, + gid_t gid); + +Parameter: name: Name of debug log (e.g. used for debugfs entry) + pages: Number of pages, which will be allocated per area + nr_areas: Number of debug areas + buf_size: Size of data area in each debug entry + mode: File mode for debugfs files. E.g. S_IRWXUGO + uid: User ID for debugfs files. Currently only 0 is + supported. + gid: Group ID for debugfs files. Currently only 0 is + supported. + +Return Value: Handle for generated debug area + NULL if register failed + +Description: Allocates memory for a debug log + Must not be called within an interrupt handler + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- void debug_unregister (debug_info_t * id); diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt index 1c6332f4543..14f901f639e 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt @@ -1,59 +1,177 @@ + Real-Time group scheduling + -------------------------- +CONTENTS +======== -Real-Time group scheduling. +1. Overview + 1.1 The problem + 1.2 The solution +2. The interface + 2.1 System-wide settings + 2.2 Default behaviour + 2.3 Basis for grouping tasks +3. Future plans -The problem space: -In order to schedule multiple groups of realtime tasks each group must -be assigned a fixed portion of the CPU time available. Without a minimum -guarantee a realtime group can obviously fall short. A fuzzy upper limit -is of no use since it cannot be relied upon. Which leaves us with just -the single fixed portion. +1. Overview +=========== -CPU time is divided by means of specifying how much time can be spent -running in a given period. Say a frame fixed realtime renderer must -deliver 25 frames a second, which yields a period of 0.04s. Now say -it will also have to play some music and respond to input, leaving it -with around 80% for the graphics. We can then give this group a runtime -of 0.8 * 0.04s = 0.032s. -This way the graphics group will have a 0.04s period with a 0.032s runtime -limit. +1.1 The problem +--------------- -Now if the audio thread needs to refill the DMA buffer every 0.005s, but -needs only about 3% CPU time to do so, it can do with a 0.03 * 0.005s -= 0.00015s. +Realtime scheduling is all about determinism, a group has to be able to rely on +the amount of bandwidth (eg. CPU time) being constant. In order to schedule +multiple groups of realtime tasks, each group must be assigned a fixed portion +of the CPU time available. Without a minimum guarantee a realtime group can +obviously fall short. A fuzzy upper limit is of no use since it cannot be +relied upon. Which leaves us with just the single fixed portion. +1.2 The solution +---------------- -The Interface: +CPU time is divided by means of specifying how much time can be spent running +in a given period. We allocate this "run time" for each realtime group which +the other realtime groups will not be permitted to use. -system wide: +Any time not allocated to a realtime group will be used to run normal priority +tasks (SCHED_OTHER). Any allocated run time not used will also be picked up by +SCHED_OTHER. -/proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_ms -/proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us +Let's consider an example: a frame fixed realtime renderer must deliver 25 +frames a second, which yields a period of 0.04s per frame. Now say it will also +have to play some music and respond to input, leaving it with around 80% CPU +time dedicated for the graphics. We can then give this group a run time of 0.8 +* 0.04s = 0.032s. -CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED +This way the graphics group will have a 0.04s period with a 0.032s run time +limit. Now if the audio thread needs to refill the DMA buffer every 0.005s, but +needs only about 3% CPU time to do so, it can do with a 0.03 * 0.005s = +0.00015s. So this group can be scheduled with a period of 0.005s and a run time +of 0.00015s. -/sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_rt_runtime_us +The remaining CPU time will be used for user input and other tass. Because +realtime tasks have explicitly allocated the CPU time they need to perform +their tasks, buffer underruns in the graphocs or audio can be eliminated. -or +NOTE: the above example is not fully implemented as of yet (2.6.25). We still +lack an EDF scheduler to make non-uniform periods usable. -CONFIG_FAIR_CGROUP_SCHED -/cgroup/<cgroup>/cpu.rt_runtime_us +2. The Interface +================ -[ time is specified in us because the interface is s32; this gives an - operating range of ~35m to 1us ] -The period takes values in [ 1, INT_MAX ], runtime in [ -1, INT_MAX - 1 ]. +2.1 System wide settings +------------------------ -A runtime of -1 specifies runtime == period, ie. no limit. +The system wide settings are configured under the /proc virtual file system: -New groups get the period from /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us and -a runtime of 0. +/proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us: + The scheduling period that is equivalent to 100% CPU bandwidth -Settings are constrained to: +/proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us: + A global limit on how much time realtime scheduling may use. Even without + CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED enabled, this will limit time reserved to realtime + processes. With CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED it signifies the total bandwidth + available to all realtime groups. + + * Time is specified in us because the interface is s32. This gives an + operating range from 1us to about 35 minutes. + * sched_rt_period_us takes values from 1 to INT_MAX. + * sched_rt_runtime_us takes values from -1 to (INT_MAX - 1). + * A run time of -1 specifies runtime == period, ie. no limit. + + +2.2 Default behaviour +--------------------- + +The default values for sched_rt_period_us (1000000 or 1s) and +sched_rt_runtime_us (950000 or 0.95s). This gives 0.05s to be used by +SCHED_OTHER (non-RT tasks). These defaults were chosen so that a run-away +realtime tasks will not lock up the machine but leave a little time to recover +it. By setting runtime to -1 you'd get the old behaviour back. + +By default all bandwidth is assigned to the root group and new groups get the +period from /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us and a run time of 0. If you +want to assign bandwidth to another group, reduce the root group's bandwidth +and assign some or all of the difference to another group. + +Realtime group scheduling means you have to assign a portion of total CPU +bandwidth to the group before it will accept realtime tasks. Therefore you will +not be able to run realtime tasks as any user other than root until you have +done that, even if the user has the rights to run processes with realtime +priority! + + +2.3 Basis for grouping tasks +---------------------------- + +There are two compile-time settings for allocating CPU bandwidth. These are +configured using the "Basis for grouping tasks" multiple choice menu under +General setup > Group CPU Scheduler: + +a. CONFIG_USER_SCHED (aka "Basis for grouping tasks" = "user id") + +This lets you use the virtual files under +"/sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_rt_runtime_us" to control he CPU time reserved for +each user . + +The other option is: + +.o CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED (aka "Basis for grouping tasks" = "Control groups") + +This uses the /cgroup virtual file system and "/cgroup/<cgroup>/cpu.rt_runtime_us" +to control the CPU time reserved for each control group instead. + +For more information on working with control groups, you should read +Documentation/cgroups.txt as well. + +Group settings are checked against the following limits in order to keep the configuration +schedulable: \Sum_{i} runtime_{i} / global_period <= global_runtime / global_period -in order to keep the configuration schedulable. +For now, this can be simplified to just the following (but see Future plans): + + \Sum_{i} runtime_{i} <= global_runtime + + +3. Future plans +=============== + +There is work in progress to make the scheduling period for each group +("/sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_rt_period_us" or +"/cgroup/<cgroup>/cpu.rt_period_us" respectively) configurable as well. + +The constraint on the period is that a subgroup must have a smaller or +equal period to its parent. But realistically its not very useful _yet_ +as its prone to starvation without deadline scheduling. + +Consider two sibling groups A and B; both have 50% bandwidth, but A's +period is twice the length of B's. + +* group A: period=100000us, runtime=10000us + - this runs for 0.01s once every 0.1s + +* group B: period= 50000us, runtime=10000us + - this runs for 0.01s twice every 0.1s (or once every 0.05 sec). + +This means that currently a while (1) loop in A will run for the full period of +B and can starve B's tasks (assuming they are of lower priority) for a whole +period. + +The next project will be SCHED_EDF (Earliest Deadline First scheduling) to bring +full deadline scheduling to the linux kernel. Deadline scheduling the above +groups and treating end of the period as a deadline will ensure that they both +get their allocated time. + +Implementing SCHED_EDF might take a while to complete. Priority Inheritance is +the biggest challenge as the current linux PI infrastructure is geared towards +the limited static priority levels 0-139. With deadline scheduling you need to +do deadline inheritance (since priority is inversely proportional to the +deadline delta (deadline - now). + +This means the whole PI machinery will have to be reworked - and that is one of +the most complex pieces of code we have. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/st.txt b/Documentation/scsi/st.txt index b7be95b5bd2..40752602c05 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/st.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/st.txt @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This file contains brief information about the SCSI tape driver. The driver is currently maintained by Kai Mäkisara (email Kai.Makisara@kolumbus.fi) -Last modified: Mon Mar 7 21:14:44 2005 by kai.makisara +Last modified: Sun Feb 24 21:59:07 2008 by kai.makisara BASICS @@ -133,6 +133,11 @@ the defaults set by the user. The value -1 means the default is not set. The file 'dev' contains the device numbers corresponding to this device. The links 'device' and 'driver' point to the SCSI device and driver entries. +Each directory also contains the entry 'options' which shows the currently +enabled driver and mode options. The value in the file is a bit mask where the +bit definitions are the same as those used with MTSETDRVBUFFER in setting the +options. + A link named 'tape' is made from the SCSI device directory to the class directory corresponding to the mode 0 auto-rewind device (e.g., st0). @@ -372,6 +377,11 @@ MTSETDRVBUFFER MT_ST_SYSV sets the SYSV semantics (mode) MT_ST_NOWAIT enables immediate mode (i.e., don't wait for the command to finish) for some commands (e.g., rewind) + MT_ST_SILI enables setting the SILI bit in SCSI commands when + reading in variable block mode to enhance performance when + reading blocks shorter than the byte count; set this only + if you are sure that the drive supports SILI and the HBA + correctly returns transfer residuals MT_ST_DEBUGGING debugging (global; debugging must be compiled into the driver) MT_ST_SETBOOLEANS diff --git a/Documentation/smart-config.txt b/Documentation/smart-config.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8467447b5a8..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/smart-config.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -Smart CONFIG_* Dependencies -1 August 1999 - -Michael Chastain <mec@shout.net> -Werner Almesberger <almesber@lrc.di.epfl.ch> -Martin von Loewis <martin@mira.isdn.cs.tu-berlin.de> - -Here is the problem: - - Suppose that drivers/net/foo.c has the following lines: - - #include <linux/config.h> - - ... - - #ifdef CONFIG_FOO_AUTOFROB - /* Code for auto-frobbing */ - #else - /* Manual frobbing only */ - #endif - - ... - - #ifdef CONFIG_FOO_MODEL_TWO - /* Code for model two */ - #endif - - Now suppose the user (the person building kernels) reconfigures the - kernel to change some unrelated setting. This will regenerate the - file include/linux/autoconf.h, which will cause include/linux/config.h - to be out of date, which will cause drivers/net/foo.c to be recompiled. - - Most kernel sources, perhaps 80% of them, have at least one CONFIG_* - dependency somewhere. So changing _any_ CONFIG_* setting requires - almost _all_ of the kernel to be recompiled. - -Here is the solution: - - We've made the dependency generator, mkdep.c, smarter. Instead of - generating this dependency: - - drivers/net/foo.c: include/linux/config.h - - It now generates these dependencies: - - drivers/net/foo.c: \ - include/config/foo/autofrob.h \ - include/config/foo/model/two.h - - So drivers/net/foo.c depends only on the CONFIG_* lines that - it actually uses. - - A new program, split-include.c, runs at the beginning of - compilation (make bzImage or make zImage). split-include reads - include/linux/autoconf.h and updates the include/config/ tree, - writing one file per option. It updates only the files for options - that have changed. - -Flag Dependencies - - Martin Von Loewis contributed another feature to this patch: - 'flag dependencies'. The idea is that a .o file depends on - the compilation flags used to build it. The file foo.o has - its flags stored in .flags.foo.o. - - Suppose the user changes the foo driver from resident to modular. - 'make' will notice that the current foo.o was not compiled with - -DMODULE and will recompile foo.c. - - All .o files made from C source have flag dependencies. So do .o - files made with ld, and .a files made with ar. However, .o files - made from assembly source do not have flag dependencies (nobody - needs this yet, but it would be good to fix). - -Per-source-file Flags - - Flag dependencies also work with per-source-file flags. - You can specify compilation flags for individual source files - like this: - - CFLAGS_foo.o = -DSPECIAL_FOO_DEFINE - - This helps clean up drivers/net/Makefile, drivers/scsi/Makefile, - and several other Makefiles. - -Credit - - Werner Almesberger had the original idea and wrote the first - version of this patch. - - Michael Chastain picked it up and continued development. He is - now the principal author and maintainer. Please report any bugs - to him. - - Martin von Loewis wrote flag dependencies, with some modifications - by Michael Chastain. - - Thanks to all of the beta testers. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt index e985cf5e041..0bbee38acd2 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt @@ -284,6 +284,13 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works). + Module snd-aw2 + -------------- + + Module for Audiowerk2 sound card + + This module supports multiple cards. + Module snd-azt2320 ------------------ @@ -788,6 +795,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. lg-lw LG LW20/LW25 laptop tcl TCL S700 clevo Clevo laptops (m520G, m665n) + medion Medion Rim 2150 test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y @@ -818,19 +826,25 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. hippo_1 Hippo (Benq) with jack detection sony-assamd Sony ASSAMD ultra Samsung Q1 Ultra Vista model + lenovo-3000 Lenovo 3000 y410 basic fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) - ALC268 + ALC267/268 + quanta-il1 Quanta IL1 mini-notebook 3stack 3-stack model toshiba Toshiba A205 acer Acer laptops dell Dell OEM laptops (Vostro 1200) + zepto Zepto laptops test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) + ALC269 + basic Basic preset + ALC662 3stack-dig 3-stack (2-channel) with SPDIF 3stack-6ch 3-stack (6-channel) @@ -871,10 +885,11 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. lenovo-nb0763 Lenovo NB0763 lenovo-ms7195-dig Lenovo MS7195 haier-w66 Haier W66 - 6stack-hp HP machines with 6stack (Nettle boards) 3stack-hp HP machines with 3stack (Lucknow, Samba boards) 6stack-dell Dell machines with 6stack (Inspiron 530) mitac Mitac 8252D + clevo-m720 Clevo M720 laptop series + fujitsu-pi2515 Fujitsu AMILO Pi2515 auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) ALC861/660 @@ -911,6 +926,12 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. 3stack 3-stack mode (default) 6stack 6-stack mode + AD1884A / AD1883 / AD1984A / AD1984B + desktop 3-stack desktop (default) + laptop laptop with HP jack sensing + mobile mobile devices with HP jack sensing + thinkpad Lenovo Thinkpad X300 + AD1884 N/A @@ -936,7 +957,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. laptop-automute 2-channel with EAPD and HP-automute (Lenovo N100) ultra 2-channel with EAPD (Samsung Ultra tablet PC) - AD1988 + AD1988/AD1988B/AD1989A/AD1989B 6stack 6-jack 6stack-dig ditto with SPDIF 3stack 3-jack @@ -979,6 +1000,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. dell-m26 Dell Inspiron 1501 dell-m27 Dell Inspiron E1705/9400 gateway Gateway laptops with EAPD control + panasonic Panasonic CF-74 STAC9205/9254 ref Reference board @@ -1017,6 +1039,16 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. 3stack D965 3stack 5stack D965 5stack + SPDIF dell-3stack Dell Dimension E520 + dell-bios Fixes with Dell BIOS setup + + STAC92HD71B* + ref Reference board + dell-m4-1 Dell desktops + dell-m4-2 Dell desktops + + STAC92HD73* + ref Reference board + dell-m6 Dell desktops STAC9872 vaio Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110 @@ -1590,6 +1622,16 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. Power management is _not_ supported. + Module snd-pcsp + ----------------- + + Module for internal PC-Speaker. + + nforce_wa - enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound. + + This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and + even a few mixer controls. + Module snd-pcxhr ---------------- diff --git a/Documentation/spi/spidev b/Documentation/spi/spidev index 5c8e1b988a0..ed2da5e5b28 100644 --- a/Documentation/spi/spidev +++ b/Documentation/spi/spidev @@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ NOTES: FULL DUPLEX CHARACTER DEVICE API ================================ -See the sample program below for one example showing the use of the full -duplex programming interface. (Although it doesn't perform a full duplex +See the spidev_fdx.c sample program for one example showing the use of the +full duplex programming interface. (Although it doesn't perform a full duplex transfer.) The model is the same as that used in the kernel spi_sync() request; the individual transfers offer the same capabilities as are available to kernel drivers (except that it's not asynchronous). @@ -141,167 +141,3 @@ and bitrate for each transfer segment.) To make a full duplex request, provide both rx_buf and tx_buf for the same transfer. It's even OK if those are the same buffer. - - -SAMPLE PROGRAM -============== - --------------------------------- CUT HERE -#include <stdio.h> -#include <unistd.h> -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <fcntl.h> -#include <string.h> - -#include <sys/ioctl.h> -#include <sys/types.h> -#include <sys/stat.h> - -#include <linux/types.h> -#include <linux/spi/spidev.h> - - -static int verbose; - -static void do_read(int fd, int len) -{ - unsigned char buf[32], *bp; - int status; - - /* read at least 2 bytes, no more than 32 */ - if (len < 2) - len = 2; - else if (len > sizeof(buf)) - len = sizeof(buf); - memset(buf, 0, sizeof buf); - - status = read(fd, buf, len); - if (status < 0) { - perror("read"); - return; - } - if (status != len) { - fprintf(stderr, "short read\n"); - return; - } - - printf("read(%2d, %2d): %02x %02x,", len, status, - buf[0], buf[1]); - status -= 2; - bp = buf + 2; - while (status-- > 0) - printf(" %02x", *bp++); - printf("\n"); -} - -static void do_msg(int fd, int len) -{ - struct spi_ioc_transfer xfer[2]; - unsigned char buf[32], *bp; - int status; - - memset(xfer, 0, sizeof xfer); - memset(buf, 0, sizeof buf); - - if (len > sizeof buf) - len = sizeof buf; - - buf[0] = 0xaa; - xfer[0].tx_buf = (__u64) buf; - xfer[0].len = 1; - - xfer[1].rx_buf = (__u64) buf; - xfer[1].len = len; - - status = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(2), xfer); - if (status < 0) { - perror("SPI_IOC_MESSAGE"); - return; - } - - printf("response(%2d, %2d): ", len, status); - for (bp = buf; len; len--) - printf(" %02x", *bp++); - printf("\n"); -} - -static void dumpstat(const char *name, int fd) -{ - __u8 mode, lsb, bits; - __u32 speed; - - if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_MODE, &mode) < 0) { - perror("SPI rd_mode"); - return; - } - if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_LSB_FIRST, &lsb) < 0) { - perror("SPI rd_lsb_fist"); - return; - } - if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_BITS_PER_WORD, &bits) < 0) { - perror("SPI bits_per_word"); - return; - } - if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_MAX_SPEED_HZ, &speed) < 0) { - perror("SPI max_speed_hz"); - return; - } - - printf("%s: spi mode %d, %d bits %sper word, %d Hz max\n", - name, mode, bits, lsb ? "(lsb first) " : "", speed); -} - -int main(int argc, char **argv) -{ - int c; - int readcount = 0; - int msglen = 0; - int fd; - const char *name; - - while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "hm:r:v")) != EOF) { - switch (c) { - case 'm': - msglen = atoi(optarg); - if (msglen < 0) - goto usage; - continue; - case 'r': - readcount = atoi(optarg); - if (readcount < 0) - goto usage; - continue; - case 'v': - verbose++; - continue; - case 'h': - case '?': -usage: - fprintf(stderr, - "usage: %s [-h] [-m N] [-r N] /dev/spidevB.D\n", - argv[0]); - return 1; - } - } - - if ((optind + 1) != argc) - goto usage; - name = argv[optind]; - - fd = open(name, O_RDWR); - if (fd < 0) { - perror("open"); - return 1; - } - - dumpstat(name, fd); - - if (msglen) - do_msg(fd, msglen); - - if (readcount) - do_read(fd, readcount); - - close(fd); - return 0; -} diff --git a/Documentation/spi/spidev_fdx.c b/Documentation/spi/spidev_fdx.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fc354f76038 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/spi/spidev_fdx.c @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +#include <stdio.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <string.h> + +#include <sys/ioctl.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> + +#include <linux/types.h> +#include <linux/spi/spidev.h> + + +static int verbose; + +static void do_read(int fd, int len) +{ + unsigned char buf[32], *bp; + int status; + + /* read at least 2 bytes, no more than 32 */ + if (len < 2) + len = 2; + else if (len > sizeof(buf)) + len = sizeof(buf); + memset(buf, 0, sizeof buf); + + status = read(fd, buf, len); + if (status < 0) { + perror("read"); + return; + } + if (status != len) { + fprintf(stderr, "short read\n"); + return; + } + + printf("read(%2d, %2d): %02x %02x,", len, status, + buf[0], buf[1]); + status -= 2; + bp = buf + 2; + while (status-- > 0) + printf(" %02x", *bp++); + printf("\n"); +} + +static void do_msg(int fd, int len) +{ + struct spi_ioc_transfer xfer[2]; + unsigned char buf[32], *bp; + int status; + + memset(xfer, 0, sizeof xfer); + memset(buf, 0, sizeof buf); + + if (len > sizeof buf) + len = sizeof buf; + + buf[0] = 0xaa; + xfer[0].tx_buf = (__u64) buf; + xfer[0].len = 1; + + xfer[1].rx_buf = (__u64) buf; + xfer[1].len = len; + + status = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(2), xfer); + if (status < 0) { + perror("SPI_IOC_MESSAGE"); + return; + } + + printf("response(%2d, %2d): ", len, status); + for (bp = buf; len; len--) + printf(" %02x", *bp++); + printf("\n"); +} + +static void dumpstat(const char *name, int fd) +{ + __u8 mode, lsb, bits; + __u32 speed; + + if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_MODE, &mode) < 0) { + perror("SPI rd_mode"); + return; + } + if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_LSB_FIRST, &lsb) < 0) { + perror("SPI rd_lsb_fist"); + return; + } + if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_BITS_PER_WORD, &bits) < 0) { + perror("SPI bits_per_word"); + return; + } + if (ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_MAX_SPEED_HZ, &speed) < 0) { + perror("SPI max_speed_hz"); + return; + } + + printf("%s: spi mode %d, %d bits %sper word, %d Hz max\n", + name, mode, bits, lsb ? "(lsb first) " : "", speed); +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + int c; + int readcount = 0; + int msglen = 0; + int fd; + const char *name; + + while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "hm:r:v")) != EOF) { + switch (c) { + case 'm': + msglen = atoi(optarg); + if (msglen < 0) + goto usage; + continue; + case 'r': + readcount = atoi(optarg); + if (readcount < 0) + goto usage; + continue; + case 'v': + verbose++; + continue; + case 'h': + case '?': +usage: + fprintf(stderr, + "usage: %s [-h] [-m N] [-r N] /dev/spidevB.D\n", + argv[0]); + return 1; + } + } + + if ((optind + 1) != argc) + goto usage; + name = argv[optind]; + + fd = open(name, O_RDWR); + if (fd < 0) { + perror("open"); + return 1; + } + + dumpstat(name, fd); + + if (msglen) + do_msg(fd, msglen); + + if (readcount) + do_read(fd, readcount); + + close(fd); + return 0; +} diff --git a/Documentation/sysrq.txt b/Documentation/sysrq.txt index 10c8f6922ef..5ce0952aa06 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysrq.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysrq.txt @@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ On all - write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger. e.g.: 'k' - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section. +'l' - Shows a stack backtrace for all active CPUs. + 'm' - Will dump current memory info to your console. 'n' - Used to make RT tasks nice-able diff --git a/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt b/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt index d9f28be7540..70d68ce8640 100644 --- a/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt +++ b/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt @@ -108,10 +108,12 @@ and throttle appropriate devices. RO read only value RW read/write value -All thermal sysfs attributes will be represented under /sys/class/thermal +Thermal sysfs attributes will be represented under /sys/class/thermal. +Hwmon sysfs I/F extension is also available under /sys/class/hwmon +if hwmon is compiled in or built as a module. Thermal zone device sys I/F, created once it's registered: -|thermal_zone[0-*]: +/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]: |-----type: Type of the thermal zone |-----temp: Current temperature |-----mode: Working mode of the thermal zone @@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ Thermal zone device sys I/F, created once it's registered: |-----trip_point_[0-*]_type: Trip point type Thermal cooling device sys I/F, created once it's registered: -|cooling_device[0-*]: +/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device[0-*]: |-----type : Type of the cooling device(processor/fan/...) |-----max_state: Maximum cooling state of the cooling device |-----cur_state: Current cooling state of the cooling device @@ -130,10 +132,19 @@ They represent the relationship between a thermal zone and its associated coolin They are created/removed for each thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device/thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device successful execution. -|thermal_zone[0-*] +/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*] |-----cdev[0-*]: The [0-*]th cooling device in the current thermal zone |-----cdev[0-*]_trip_point: Trip point that cdev[0-*] is associated with +Besides the thermal zone device sysfs I/F and cooling device sysfs I/F, +the generic thermal driver also creates a hwmon sysfs I/F for each _type_ of +thermal zone device. E.g. the generic thermal driver registers one hwmon class device +and build the associated hwmon sysfs I/F for all the registered ACPI thermal zones. +/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon[0-*]: + |-----name: The type of the thermal zone devices. + |-----temp[1-*]_input: The current temperature of thermal zone [1-*]. + |-----temp[1-*]_critical: The critical trip point of thermal zone [1-*]. +Please read Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface for additional information. *************************** * Thermal zone attributes * @@ -141,7 +152,10 @@ thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device/thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device successful e type Strings which represent the thermal zone type. This is given by thermal zone driver as part of registration. - Eg: "ACPI thermal zone" indicates it's a ACPI thermal device + Eg: "acpitz" indicates it's an ACPI thermal device. + In order to keep it consistent with hwmon sys attribute, + this should be a short, lowercase string, + not containing spaces nor dashes. RO Required @@ -218,7 +232,7 @@ the sys I/F structure will be built like this: /sys/class/thermal: |thermal_zone1: - |-----type: ACPI thermal zone + |-----type: acpitz |-----temp: 37000 |-----mode: kernel |-----trip_point_0_temp: 100000 @@ -243,3 +257,10 @@ the sys I/F structure will be built like this: |-----type: Fan |-----max_state: 2 |-----cur_state: 0 + +/sys/class/hwmon: + +|hwmon0: + |-----name: acpitz + |-----temp1_input: 37000 + |-----temp1_crit: 100000 diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt b/Documentation/timers/highres.txt index a73ecf5b4bd..a73ecf5b4bd 100644 --- a/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt +++ b/Documentation/timers/highres.txt diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimers/hrtimers.txt b/Documentation/timers/hrtimers.txt index ce31f65e12e..ce31f65e12e 100644 --- a/Documentation/hrtimers/hrtimers.txt +++ b/Documentation/timers/hrtimers.txt diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimer/timer_stats.txt b/Documentation/timers/timer_stats.txt index 20d368c5981..20d368c5981 100644 --- a/Documentation/hrtimer/timer_stats.txt +++ b/Documentation/timers/timer_stats.txt diff --git a/Documentation/usb/anchors.txt b/Documentation/usb/anchors.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7304bcf5a30 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/anchors.txt @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +What is anchor? +=============== + +A USB driver needs to support some callbacks requiring +a driver to cease all IO to an interface. To do so, a +driver has to keep track of the URBs it has submitted +to know they've all completed or to call usb_kill_urb +for them. The anchor is a data structure takes care of +keeping track of URBs and provides methods to deal with +multiple URBs. + +Allocation and Initialisation +============================= + +There's no API to allocate an anchor. It is simply declared +as struct usb_anchor. init_usb_anchor() must be called to +initialise the data structure. + +Deallocation +============ + +Once it has no more URBs associated with it, the anchor can be +freed with normal memory management operations. + +Association and disassociation of URBs with anchors +=================================================== + +An association of URBs to an anchor is made by an explicit +call to usb_anchor_urb(). The association is maintained until +an URB is finished by (successfull) completion. Thus disassociation +is automatic. A function is provided to forcibly finish (kill) +all URBs associated with an anchor. +Furthermore, disassociation can be made with usb_unanchor_urb() + +Operations on multitudes of URBs +================================ + +usb_kill_anchored_urbs() +------------------------ + +This function kills all URBs associated with an anchor. The URBs +are called in the reverse temporal order they were submitted. +This way no data can be reordered. + +usb_wait_anchor_empty_timeout() +------------------------------- + +This function waits for all URBs associated with an anchor to finish +or a timeout, whichever comes first. Its return value will tell you +whether the timeout was reached. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/callbacks.txt b/Documentation/usb/callbacks.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7c812411945 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/callbacks.txt @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +What callbacks will usbcore do? +=============================== + +Usbcore will call into a driver through callbacks defined in the driver +structure and through the completion handler of URBs a driver submits. +Only the former are in the scope of this document. These two kinds of +callbacks are completely independent of each other. Information on the +completion callback can be found in Documentation/usb/URB.txt. + +The callbacks defined in the driver structure are: + +1. Hotplugging callbacks: + + * @probe: Called to see if the driver is willing to manage a particular + * interface on a device. + * @disconnect: Called when the interface is no longer accessible, usually + * because its device has been (or is being) disconnected or the + * driver module is being unloaded. + +2. Odd backdoor through usbfs: + + * @ioctl: Used for drivers that want to talk to userspace through + * the "usbfs" filesystem. This lets devices provide ways to + * expose information to user space regardless of where they + * do (or don't) show up otherwise in the filesystem. + +3. Power management (PM) callbacks: + + * @suspend: Called when the device is going to be suspended. + * @resume: Called when the device is being resumed. + * @reset_resume: Called when the suspended device has been reset instead + * of being resumed. + +4. Device level operations: + + * @pre_reset: Called when the device is about to be reset. + * @post_reset: Called after the device has been reset + +The ioctl interface (2) should be used only if you have a very good +reason. Sysfs is preferred these days. The PM callbacks are covered +separately in Documentation/usb/power-management.txt. + +Calling conventions +=================== + +All callbacks are mutually exclusive. There's no need for locking +against other USB callbacks. All callbacks are called from a task +context. You may sleep. However, it is important that all sleeps have a +small fixed upper limit in time. In particular you must not call out to +user space and await results. + +Hotplugging callbacks +===================== + +These callbacks are intended to associate and disassociate a driver with +an interface. A driver's bond to an interface is exclusive. + +The probe() callback +-------------------- + +int (*probe) (struct usb_interface *intf, + const struct usb_device_id *id); + +Accept or decline an interface. If you accept the device return 0, +otherwise -ENODEV or -ENXIO. Other error codes should be used only if a +genuine error occurred during initialisation which prevented a driver +from accepting a device that would else have been accepted. +You are strongly encouraged to use usbcore'sfacility, +usb_set_intfdata(), to associate a data structure with an interface, so +that you know which internal state and identity you associate with a +particular interface. The device will not be suspended and you may do IO +to the interface you are called for and endpoint 0 of the device. Device +initialisation that doesn't take too long is a good idea here. + +The disconnect() callback +------------------------- + +void (*disconnect) (struct usb_interface *intf); + +This callback is a signal to break any connection with an interface. +You are not allowed any IO to a device after returning from this +callback. You also may not do any other operation that may interfere +with another driver bound the interface, eg. a power management +operation. +If you are called due to a physical disconnection, all your URBs will be +killed by usbcore. Note that in this case disconnect will be called some +time after the physical disconnection. Thus your driver must be prepared +to deal with failing IO even prior to the callback. + +Device level callbacks +====================== + +pre_reset +--------- + +int (*pre_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf); + +Another driver or user space is triggering a reset on the device which +contains the interface passed as an argument. Cease IO and save any +device state you need to restore. + +If you need to allocate memory here, use GFP_NOIO or GFP_ATOMIC, if you +are in atomic context. + +post_reset +---------- + +int (*post_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf); + +The reset has completed. Restore any saved device state and begin +using the device again. + +If you need to allocate memory here, use GFP_NOIO or GFP_ATOMIC, if you +are in atomic context. + +Call sequences +============== + +No callbacks other than probe will be invoked for an interface +that isn't bound to your driver. + +Probe will never be called for an interface bound to a driver. +Hence following a successful probe, disconnect will be called +before there is another probe for the same interface. + +Once your driver is bound to an interface, disconnect can be +called at any time except in between pre_reset and post_reset. +pre_reset is always followed by post_reset, even if the reset +failed or the device has been unplugged. + +suspend is always followed by one of: resume, reset_resume, or +disconnect. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/persist.txt b/Documentation/usb/persist.txt index df54d645cbb..d56cb1a1155 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/persist.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/persist.txt @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> - September 2, 2006 (Updated May 29, 2007) + September 2, 2006 (Updated February 25, 2008) What is the problem? @@ -65,9 +65,10 @@ much better.) What is the solution? -Setting CONFIG_USB_PERSIST will cause the kernel to work around these -issues. It enables a mode in which the core USB device data -structures are allowed to persist across a power-session disruption. +The kernel includes a feature called USB-persist. It tries to work +around these issues by allowing the core USB device data structures to +persist across a power-session disruption. + It works like this. If the kernel sees that a USB host controller is not in the expected state during resume (i.e., if the controller was reset or otherwise had lost power) then it applies a persistence check @@ -80,28 +81,30 @@ re-enumeration shows that the device now attached to that port has the same descriptors as before, including the Vendor and Product IDs, then the kernel continues to use the same device structure. In effect, the kernel treats the device as though it had merely been reset instead of -unplugged. +unplugged. The same thing happens if the host controller is in the +expected state but a USB device was unplugged and then replugged. If no device is now attached to the port, or if the descriptors are different from what the kernel remembers, then the treatment is what you would expect. The kernel destroys the old device structure and behaves as though the old device had been unplugged and a new device -plugged in, just as it would without the CONFIG_USB_PERSIST option. +plugged in. The end result is that the USB device remains available and usable. Filesystem mounts and memory mappings are unaffected, and the world is now a good and happy place. -Note that even when CONFIG_USB_PERSIST is set, the "persist" feature -will be applied only to those devices for which it is enabled. You -can enable the feature by doing (as root): +Note that the "USB-persist" feature will be applied only to those +devices for which it is enabled. You can enable the feature by doing +(as root): echo 1 >/sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/persist where the "..." should be filled in the with the device's ID. Disable the feature by writing 0 instead of 1. For hubs the feature is -automatically and permanently enabled, so you only have to worry about -setting it for devices where it really matters. +automatically and permanently enabled and the power/persist file +doesn't even exist, so you only have to worry about setting it for +devices where it really matters. Is this the best solution? @@ -112,19 +115,19 @@ centralized Logical Volume Manager. Such a solution would allow you to plug in a USB flash device, create a persistent volume associated with it, unplug the flash device, plug it back in later, and still have the same persistent volume associated with the device. As such -it would be more far-reaching than CONFIG_USB_PERSIST. +it would be more far-reaching than USB-persist. On the other hand, writing a persistent volume manager would be a big job and using it would require significant input from the user. This solution is much quicker and easier -- and it exists now, a giant point in its favor! -Furthermore, the USB_PERSIST option applies to _all_ USB devices, not +Furthermore, the USB-persist feature applies to _all_ USB devices, not just mass-storage devices. It might turn out to be equally useful for other device types, such as network interfaces. - WARNING: Using CONFIG_USB_PERSIST can be dangerous!! + WARNING: USB-persist can be dangerous!! When recovering an interrupted power session the kernel does its best to make sure the USB device hasn't been changed; that is, the same @@ -133,10 +136,10 @@ aren't guaranteed to be 100% accurate. If you replace one USB device with another of the same type (same manufacturer, same IDs, and so on) there's an excellent chance the -kernel won't detect the change. Serial numbers and other strings are -not compared. In many cases it wouldn't help if they were, because -manufacturers frequently omit serial numbers entirely in their -devices. +kernel won't detect the change. The serial number string and other +descriptors are compared with the kernel's stored values, but this +might not help since manufacturers frequently omit serial numbers +entirely in their devices. Furthermore it's quite possible to leave a USB device exactly the same while changing its media. If you replace the flash memory card in a @@ -152,5 +155,5 @@ but yourself. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! That having been said, most of the time there shouldn't be any trouble -at all. The "persist" feature can be extremely useful. Make the most -of it. +at all. The USB-persist feature can be extremely useful. Make the +most of it. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt b/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt index 8b077e43eee..ff2c1ff57ba 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt @@ -192,12 +192,9 @@ Keyspan USA-series Serial Adapters FTDI Single Port Serial Driver - This is a single port DB-25 serial adapter. More information about this - device and the Linux driver can be found at: - http://reality.sgi.com/bryder_wellington/ftdi_sio/ + This is a single port DB-25 serial adapter. - For any questions or problems with this driver, please contact Bill Ryder - at bryder@sgi.com + For any questions or problems with this driver, please contact Bill Ryder. ZyXEL omni.net lcd plus ISDN TA diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..aaae360312e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + 0 -> Unknown board (au0828) + 1 -> Hauppauge HVR950Q (au0828) [2040:7200] + 2 -> Hauppauge HVR850 (au0828) [2040:7240] + 3 -> DViCO FusionHDTV USB (au0828) [0fe9:d620] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv index d97cf7cc608..f32efb6fb12 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv @@ -148,3 +148,5 @@ 147 -> VoodooTV 200 (USA) [121a:3000] 148 -> DViCO FusionHDTV 2 [dbc0:d200] 149 -> Typhoon TV-Tuner PCI (50684) +150 -> Geovision GV-600 [008a:763c] +151 -> Kozumi KTV-01C diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 index 0924e6e142c..929b90c8387 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 @@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ 4 -> DViCO FusionHDTV5 Express [18ac:d500] 5 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1500Q [0070:7790,0070:7797] 6 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1500 [0070:7710,0070:7717] + 7 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1200 [0070:71d1] + 8 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1700 [0070:8101] + 9 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1400 [0070:8010] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 index bc5593bd970..54395734646 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 @@ -57,3 +57,12 @@ 56 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1300 DVB-T/Hybrid MPEG Encoder [0070:9600,0070:9601,0070:9602] 57 -> ADS Tech Instant Video PCI [1421:0390] 58 -> Pinnacle PCTV HD 800i [11bd:0051] + 59 -> DViCO FusionHDTV 5 PCI nano [18ac:d530] + 60 -> Pinnacle Hybrid PCTV [12ab:1788] + 61 -> Winfast TV2000 XP Global [107d:6f18] + 62 -> PowerColor Real Angel 330 [14f1:ea3d] + 63 -> Geniatech X8000-MT DVBT [14f1:8852] + 64 -> DViCO FusionHDTV DVB-T PRO [18ac:db30] + 65 -> DViCO FusionHDTV 7 Gold [18ac:d610] + 66 -> Prolink Pixelview MPEG 8000GT [1554:4935] + 67 -> Kworld PlusTV HD PCI 120 (ATSC 120) [17de:08c1] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 index 0424901ebc7..67937df1e97 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ 24 -> KNC One TV-Station DVR [1894:a006] 25 -> ASUS TV-FM 7133 [1043:4843] 26 -> Pinnacle PCTV Stereo (saa7134) [11bd:002b] - 27 -> Manli MuchTV M-TV002/Behold TV 403 FM - 28 -> Manli MuchTV M-TV001/Behold TV 401 + 27 -> Manli MuchTV M-TV002 + 28 -> Manli MuchTV M-TV001 29 -> Nagase Sangyo TransGear 3000TV [1461:050c] 30 -> Elitegroup ECS TVP3XP FM1216 Tuner Card(PAL-BG,FM) [1019:4cb4] 31 -> Elitegroup ECS TVP3XP FM1236 Tuner Card (NTSC,FM) [1019:4cb5] @@ -128,6 +128,16 @@ 127 -> Beholder BeholdTV 507 FM/RDS / BeholdTV 509 FM [0000:5071,0000:507B,5ace:5070,5ace:5090] 128 -> Beholder BeholdTV Columbus TVFM [0000:5201] 129 -> Beholder BeholdTV 607 / BeholdTV 609 [5ace:6070,5ace:6071,5ace:6072,5ace:6073,5ace:6090,5ace:6091,5ace:6092,5ace:6093] -130 -> Beholder BeholdTV M6 / BeholdTV M6 Extra [5ace:6190,5ace:6193] +130 -> Beholder BeholdTV M6 / BeholdTV M6 Extra [5ace:6190,5ace:6193,5ace:6191] 131 -> Twinhan Hybrid DTV-DVB 3056 PCI [1822:0022] 132 -> Genius TVGO AM11MCE +133 -> NXP Snake DVB-S reference design +134 -> Medion/Creatix CTX953 Hybrid [16be:0010] +135 -> MSI TV@nywhere A/D v1.1 [1462:8625] +136 -> AVerMedia Cardbus TV/Radio (E506R) [1461:f436] +137 -> AVerMedia Hybrid TV/Radio (A16D) [1461:f936] +138 -> Avermedia M115 [1461:a836] +139 -> Compro VideoMate T750 [185b:c900] +140 -> Avermedia DVB-S Pro A700 [1461:a7a1] +141 -> Avermedia DVB-S Hybrid+FM A700 [1461:a7a2] +142 -> Beholder BeholdTV H6 [5ace:6290] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..077d56ec3f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Some notes regarding the cx18 driver for the Conexant CX23418 MPEG +encoder chip: + +1) The only hardware currently supported is the Hauppauge HVR-1600. + +2) Some people have problems getting the i2c bus to work. Cause unknown. + The symptom is that the eeprom cannot be read and the card is + unusable. + +3) The audio from the analog tuner is mono only. Probably caused by + incorrect audio register information in the datasheet. We are + waiting for updated information from Conexant. + +4) VBI (raw or sliced) has not yet been implemented. + +5) MPEG indexing is not yet implemented. + +6) The driver is still a bit rough around the edges, this should + improve over time. + + +Firmware: + +The firmware needs to be extracted from the Windows Hauppauge HVR-1600 +driver, available here: + +http://hauppauge.lightpath.net/software/install_cd/hauppauge_cd_3.4d1.zip + +Unzip, then copy the following files to the firmware directory +and rename them as follows: + +Drivers/Driver18/hcw18apu.rom -> v4l-cx23418-apu.fw +Drivers/Driver18/hcw18enc.rom -> v4l-cx23418-cpu.fw +Drivers/Driver18/hcw18mlC.rom -> v4l-cx23418-dig.fw diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl b/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl index cced8ac5c54..2cb816047fc 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ sub main_firmware($$$$) write_hunk(812664, 192); # - # Firmware 58, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 4.50 MHz id: NTSC/M Jp (0000000000002000), size: 192 + # Firmware 58, type: SCODE FW MTS LCD NOGD MONO IF HAS IF (0x6002b004), IF = 4.50 MHz id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 192 # - write_le32(0x60000000); # Type - write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00002000); # ID + write_le32(0x6002b004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID write_le16(4500); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(807672, 192); @@ -706,10 +706,10 @@ sub main_firmware($$$$) write_hunk(807864, 192); # - # Firmware 60, type: SCODE FW DTV78 ZARLINK456 HAS IF (0x62000100), IF = 4.76 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # Firmware 60, type: SCODE FW DTV6 QAM DTV7 DTV78 DTV8 ZARLINK456 HAS IF (0x620003e0), IF = 4.76 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 # - write_le32(0x62000100); # Type + write_le32(0x620003e0); # Type write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID write_le16(4760); # IF write_le32(192); # Size @@ -726,30 +726,30 @@ sub main_firmware($$$$) write_hunk(811512, 192); # - # Firmware 62, type: SCODE FW DTV7 ZARLINK456 HAS IF (0x62000080), IF = 5.26 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # Firmware 62, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.26 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 # - write_le32(0x62000080); # Type + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID write_le16(5260); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(810552, 192); # - # Firmware 63, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 5.32 MHz id: PAL/BG NICAM/B (0000000800000007), size: 192 + # Firmware 63, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 5.32 MHz id: PAL/BG A2 NICAM (0000000f00000007), size: 192 # write_le32(0x60008000); # Type - write_le64(0x00000008, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le64(0x0000000f, 0x00000007); # ID write_le16(5320); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(810744, 192); # - # Firmware 64, type: SCODE FW DTV8 CHINA HAS IF (0x64000200), IF = 5.40 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # Firmware 64, type: SCODE FW DTV7 DTV78 DTV8 DIBCOM52 CHINA HAS IF (0x65000380), IF = 5.40 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 # - write_le32(0x64000200); # Type + write_le32(0x65000380); # Type write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID write_le16(5400); # IF write_le32(192); # Size @@ -766,50 +766,50 @@ sub main_firmware($$$$) write_hunk(809592, 192); # - # Firmware 66, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.64 MHz id: PAL/BG A2/B (0000000200000007), size: 192 + # Firmware 66, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.64 MHz id: PAL/BG A2 (0000000300000007), size: 192 # write_le32(0x60000000); # Type - write_le64(0x00000002, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le64(0x00000003, 0x00000007); # ID write_le16(5640); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(808440, 192); # - # Firmware 67, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.74 MHz id: PAL/BG NICAM/B (0000000800000007), size: 192 + # Firmware 67, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.74 MHz id: PAL/BG NICAM (0000000c00000007), size: 192 # write_le32(0x60000000); # Type - write_le64(0x00000008, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x00000007); # ID write_le16(5740); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(808632, 192); # - # Firmware 68, type: SCODE FW DTV7 DIBCOM52 HAS IF (0x61000080), IF = 5.90 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # Firmware 68, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.90 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 # - write_le32(0x61000080); # Type + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID write_le16(5900); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(810360, 192); # - # Firmware 69, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.00 MHz id: PAL/I (0000000000000010), size: 192 + # Firmware 69, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.00 MHz id: PAL/DK PAL/I SECAM/K3 SECAM/L SECAM/Lc NICAM (0000000c04c000f0), size: 192 # write_le32(0x60008000); # Type - write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000010); # ID + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x04c000f0); # ID write_le16(6000); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(808824, 192); # - # Firmware 70, type: SCODE FW DTV6 QAM F6MHZ HAS IF (0x68000060), IF = 6.20 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # Firmware 70, type: SCODE FW DTV6 QAM ATSC LG60 F6MHZ HAS IF (0x68050060), IF = 6.20 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 # - write_le32(0x68000060); # Type + write_le32(0x68050060); # Type write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID write_le16(6200); # IF write_le32(192); # Size @@ -846,11 +846,11 @@ sub main_firmware($$$$) write_hunk(809208, 192); # - # Firmware 74, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.50 MHz id: SECAM/K3 (0000000004000000), size: 192 + # Firmware 74, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.50 MHz id: PAL/DK SECAM/K3 SECAM/L NICAM (0000000c044000e0), size: 192 # write_le32(0x60008000); # Type - write_le64(0x00000000, 0x04000000); # ID + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x044000e0); # ID write_le16(6500); # IF write_le32(192); # Size write_hunk(811128, 192); diff --git a/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt b/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt index dd498649799..bad16d3f6a4 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt +++ b/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt @@ -135,77 +135,58 @@ most general to most specific: Components of Memory Policies - A Linux memory policy is a tuple consisting of a "mode" and an optional set - of nodes. The mode determine the behavior of the policy, while the - optional set of nodes can be viewed as the arguments to the behavior. + A Linux memory policy consists of a "mode", optional mode flags, and an + optional set of nodes. The mode determines the behavior of the policy, + the optional mode flags determine the behavior of the mode, and the + optional set of nodes can be viewed as the arguments to the policy + behavior. Internally, memory policies are implemented by a reference counted structure, struct mempolicy. Details of this structure will be discussed in context, below, as required to explain the behavior. - Note: in some functions AND in the struct mempolicy itself, the mode - is called "policy". However, to avoid confusion with the policy tuple, - this document will continue to use the term "mode". - Linux memory policy supports the following 4 behavioral modes: - Default Mode--MPOL_DEFAULT: The behavior specified by this mode is - context or scope dependent. - - As mentioned in the Policy Scope section above, during normal - system operation, the System Default Policy is hard coded to - contain the Default mode. - - In this context, default mode means "local" allocation--that is - attempt to allocate the page from the node associated with the cpu - where the fault occurs. If the "local" node has no memory, or the - node's memory can be exhausted [no free pages available], local - allocation will "fallback to"--attempt to allocate pages from-- - "nearby" nodes, in order of increasing "distance". + Default Mode--MPOL_DEFAULT: This mode is only used in the memory + policy APIs. Internally, MPOL_DEFAULT is converted to the NULL + memory policy in all policy scopes. Any existing non-default policy + will simply be removed when MPOL_DEFAULT is specified. As a result, + MPOL_DEFAULT means "fall back to the next most specific policy scope." - Implementation detail -- subject to change: "Fallback" uses - a per node list of sibling nodes--called zonelists--built at - boot time, or when nodes or memory are added or removed from - the system [memory hotplug]. These per node zonelist are - constructed with nodes in order of increasing distance based - on information provided by the platform firmware. + For example, a NULL or default task policy will fall back to the + system default policy. A NULL or default vma policy will fall + back to the task policy. - When a task/process policy or a shared policy contains the Default - mode, this also means "local allocation", as described above. + When specified in one of the memory policy APIs, the Default mode + does not use the optional set of nodes. - In the context of a VMA, Default mode means "fall back to task - policy"--which may or may not specify Default mode. Thus, Default - mode can not be counted on to mean local allocation when used - on a non-shared region of the address space. However, see - MPOL_PREFERRED below. - - The Default mode does not use the optional set of nodes. + It is an error for the set of nodes specified for this policy to + be non-empty. MPOL_BIND: This mode specifies that memory must come from the - set of nodes specified by the policy. - - The memory policy APIs do not specify an order in which the nodes - will be searched. However, unlike "local allocation", the Bind - policy does not consider the distance between the nodes. Rather, - allocations will fallback to the nodes specified by the policy in - order of numeric node id. Like everything in Linux, this is subject - to change. + set of nodes specified by the policy. Memory will be allocated from + the node in the set with sufficient free memory that is closest to + the node where the allocation takes place. MPOL_PREFERRED: This mode specifies that the allocation should be attempted from the single node specified in the policy. If that - allocation fails, the kernel will search other nodes, exactly as - it would for a local allocation that started at the preferred node - in increasing distance from the preferred node. "Local" allocation - policy can be viewed as a Preferred policy that starts at the node + allocation fails, the kernel will search other nodes, in order of + increasing distance from the preferred node based on information + provided by the platform firmware. containing the cpu where the allocation takes place. Internally, the Preferred policy uses a single node--the - preferred_node member of struct mempolicy. A "distinguished - value of this preferred_node, currently '-1', is interpreted - as "the node containing the cpu where the allocation takes - place"--local allocation. This is the way to specify - local allocation for a specific range of addresses--i.e. for - VMA policies. + preferred_node member of struct mempolicy. When the internal + mode flag MPOL_F_LOCAL is set, the preferred_node is ignored and + the policy is interpreted as local allocation. "Local" allocation + policy can be viewed as a Preferred policy that starts at the node + containing the cpu where the allocation takes place. + + It is possible for the user to specify that local allocation is + always preferred by passing an empty nodemask with this mode. + If an empty nodemask is passed, the policy cannot use the + MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES or MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES flags described + below. MPOL_INTERLEAVED: This mode specifies that page allocations be interleaved, on a page granularity, across the nodes specified in @@ -231,6 +212,154 @@ Components of Memory Policies the temporary interleaved system default policy works in this mode. + Linux memory policy supports the following optional mode flags: + + MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES: This flag specifies that the nodemask passed by + the user should not be remapped if the task or VMA's set of allowed + nodes changes after the memory policy has been defined. + + Without this flag, anytime a mempolicy is rebound because of a + change in the set of allowed nodes, the node (Preferred) or + nodemask (Bind, Interleave) is remapped to the new set of + allowed nodes. This may result in nodes being used that were + previously undesired. + + With this flag, if the user-specified nodes overlap with the + nodes allowed by the task's cpuset, then the memory policy is + applied to their intersection. If the two sets of nodes do not + overlap, the Default policy is used. + + For example, consider a task that is attached to a cpuset with + mems 1-3 that sets an Interleave policy over the same set. If + the cpuset's mems change to 3-5, the Interleave will now occur + over nodes 3, 4, and 5. With this flag, however, since only node + 3 is allowed from the user's nodemask, the "interleave" only + occurs over that node. If no nodes from the user's nodemask are + now allowed, the Default behavior is used. + + MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES cannot be combined with the + MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES flag. It also cannot be used for + MPOL_PREFERRED policies that were created with an empty nodemask + (local allocation). + + MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES: This flag specifies that the nodemask passed + by the user will be mapped relative to the set of the task or VMA's + set of allowed nodes. The kernel stores the user-passed nodemask, + and if the allowed nodes changes, then that original nodemask will + be remapped relative to the new set of allowed nodes. + + Without this flag (and without MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES), anytime a + mempolicy is rebound because of a change in the set of allowed + nodes, the node (Preferred) or nodemask (Bind, Interleave) is + remapped to the new set of allowed nodes. That remap may not + preserve the relative nature of the user's passed nodemask to its + set of allowed nodes upon successive rebinds: a nodemask of + 1,3,5 may be remapped to 7-9 and then to 1-3 if the set of + allowed nodes is restored to its original state. + + With this flag, the remap is done so that the node numbers from + the user's passed nodemask are relative to the set of allowed + nodes. In other words, if nodes 0, 2, and 4 are set in the user's + nodemask, the policy will be effected over the first (and in the + Bind or Interleave case, the third and fifth) nodes in the set of + allowed nodes. The nodemask passed by the user represents nodes + relative to task or VMA's set of allowed nodes. + + If the user's nodemask includes nodes that are outside the range + of the new set of allowed nodes (for example, node 5 is set in + the user's nodemask when the set of allowed nodes is only 0-3), + then the remap wraps around to the beginning of the nodemask and, + if not already set, sets the node in the mempolicy nodemask. + + For example, consider a task that is attached to a cpuset with + mems 2-5 that sets an Interleave policy over the same set with + MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES. If the cpuset's mems change to 3-7, the + interleave now occurs over nodes 3,5-6. If the cpuset's mems + then change to 0,2-3,5, then the interleave occurs over nodes + 0,3,5. + + Thanks to the consistent remapping, applications preparing + nodemasks to specify memory policies using this flag should + disregard their current, actual cpuset imposed memory placement + and prepare the nodemask as if they were always located on + memory nodes 0 to N-1, where N is the number of memory nodes the + policy is intended to manage. Let the kernel then remap to the + set of memory nodes allowed by the task's cpuset, as that may + change over time. + + MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES cannot be combined with the + MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES flag. It also cannot be used for + MPOL_PREFERRED policies that were created with an empty nodemask + (local allocation). + +MEMORY POLICY REFERENCE COUNTING + +To resolve use/free races, struct mempolicy contains an atomic reference +count field. Internal interfaces, mpol_get()/mpol_put() increment and +decrement this reference count, respectively. mpol_put() will only free +the structure back to the mempolicy kmem cache when the reference count +goes to zero. + +When a new memory policy is allocated, it's reference count is initialized +to '1', representing the reference held by the task that is installing the +new policy. When a pointer to a memory policy structure is stored in another +structure, another reference is added, as the task's reference will be dropped +on completion of the policy installation. + +During run-time "usage" of the policy, we attempt to minimize atomic operations +on the reference count, as this can lead to cache lines bouncing between cpus +and NUMA nodes. "Usage" here means one of the following: + +1) querying of the policy, either by the task itself [using the get_mempolicy() + API discussed below] or by another task using the /proc/<pid>/numa_maps + interface. + +2) examination of the policy to determine the policy mode and associated node + or node lists, if any, for page allocation. This is considered a "hot + path". Note that for MPOL_BIND, the "usage" extends across the entire + allocation process, which may sleep during page reclaimation, because the + BIND policy nodemask is used, by reference, to filter ineligible nodes. + +We can avoid taking an extra reference during the usages listed above as +follows: + +1) we never need to get/free the system default policy as this is never + changed nor freed, once the system is up and running. + +2) for querying the policy, we do not need to take an extra reference on the + target task's task policy nor vma policies because we always acquire the + task's mm's mmap_sem for read during the query. The set_mempolicy() and + mbind() APIs [see below] always acquire the mmap_sem for write when + installing or replacing task or vma policies. Thus, there is no possibility + of a task or thread freeing a policy while another task or thread is + querying it. + +3) Page allocation usage of task or vma policy occurs in the fault path where + we hold them mmap_sem for read. Again, because replacing the task or vma + policy requires that the mmap_sem be held for write, the policy can't be + freed out from under us while we're using it for page allocation. + +4) Shared policies require special consideration. One task can replace a + shared memory policy while another task, with a distinct mmap_sem, is + querying or allocating a page based on the policy. To resolve this + potential race, the shared policy infrastructure adds an extra reference + to the shared policy during lookup while holding a spin lock on the shared + policy management structure. This requires that we drop this extra + reference when we're finished "using" the policy. We must drop the + extra reference on shared policies in the same query/allocation paths + used for non-shared policies. For this reason, shared policies are marked + as such, and the extra reference is dropped "conditionally"--i.e., only + for shared policies. + + Because of this extra reference counting, and because we must lookup + shared policies in a tree structure under spinlock, shared policies are + more expensive to use in the page allocation path. This is expecially + true for shared policies on shared memory regions shared by tasks running + on different NUMA nodes. This extra overhead can be avoided by always + falling back to task or system default policy for shared memory regions, + or by prefaulting the entire shared memory region into memory and locking + it down. However, this might not be appropriate for all applications. + MEMORY POLICY APIs Linux supports 3 system calls for controlling memory policy. These APIS @@ -251,7 +380,9 @@ Set [Task] Memory Policy: Set's the calling task's "task/process memory policy" to mode specified by the 'mode' argument and the set of nodes defined by 'nmask'. 'nmask' points to a bit mask of node ids containing - at least 'maxnode' ids. + at least 'maxnode' ids. Optional mode flags may be passed by + combining the 'mode' argument with the flag (for example: + MPOL_INTERLEAVE | MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES). See the set_mempolicy(2) man page for more details @@ -303,29 +434,19 @@ MEMORY POLICIES AND CPUSETS Memory policies work within cpusets as described above. For memory policies that require a node or set of nodes, the nodes are restricted to the set of nodes whose memories are allowed by the cpuset constraints. If the nodemask -specified for the policy contains nodes that are not allowed by the cpuset, or -the intersection of the set of nodes specified for the policy and the set of -nodes with memory is the empty set, the policy is considered invalid -and cannot be installed. - -The interaction of memory policies and cpusets can be problematic for a -couple of reasons: - -1) the memory policy APIs take physical node id's as arguments. As mentioned - above, it is illegal to specify nodes that are not allowed in the cpuset. - The application must query the allowed nodes using the get_mempolicy() - API with the MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED flag to determine the allowed nodes and - restrict itself to those nodes. However, the resources available to a - cpuset can be changed by the system administrator, or a workload manager - application, at any time. So, a task may still get errors attempting to - specify policy nodes, and must query the allowed memories again. - -2) when tasks in two cpusets share access to a memory region, such as shared - memory segments created by shmget() of mmap() with the MAP_ANONYMOUS and - MAP_SHARED flags, and any of the tasks install shared policy on the region, - only nodes whose memories are allowed in both cpusets may be used in the - policies. Obtaining this information requires "stepping outside" the - memory policy APIs to use the cpuset information and requires that one - know in what cpusets other task might be attaching to the shared region. - Furthermore, if the cpusets' allowed memory sets are disjoint, "local" - allocation is the only valid policy. +specified for the policy contains nodes that are not allowed by the cpuset and +MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES is not used, the intersection of the set of nodes +specified for the policy and the set of nodes with memory is used. If the +result is the empty set, the policy is considered invalid and cannot be +installed. If MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES is used, the policy's nodes are mapped +onto and folded into the task's set of allowed nodes as previously described. + +The interaction of memory policies and cpusets can be problematic when tasks +in two cpusets share access to a memory region, such as shared memory segments +created by shmget() of mmap() with the MAP_ANONYMOUS and MAP_SHARED flags, and +any of the tasks install shared policy on the region, only nodes whose +memories are allowed in both cpusets may be used in the policies. Obtaining +this information requires "stepping outside" the memory policy APIs to use the +cpuset information and requires that one know in what cpusets other task might +be attaching to the shared region. Furthermore, if the cpusets' allowed +memory sets are disjoint, "local" allocation is the only valid policy. diff --git a/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c b/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c index 22d7e3e4d60..d3ce295bffa 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c +++ b/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct slabinfo { int hwcache_align, object_size, objs_per_slab; int sanity_checks, slab_size, store_user, trace; int order, poison, reclaim_account, red_zone; - unsigned long partial, objects, slabs; + unsigned long partial, objects, slabs, objects_partial, objects_total; unsigned long alloc_fastpath, alloc_slowpath; unsigned long free_fastpath, free_slowpath; unsigned long free_frozen, free_add_partial, free_remove_partial; @@ -540,7 +540,8 @@ void slabcache(struct slabinfo *s) return; store_size(size_str, slab_size(s)); - snprintf(dist_str, 40, "%lu/%lu/%d", s->slabs, s->partial, s->cpu_slabs); + snprintf(dist_str, 40, "%lu/%lu/%d", s->slabs - s->cpu_slabs, + s->partial, s->cpu_slabs); if (!line++) first_line(); @@ -776,7 +777,6 @@ void totals(void) unsigned long used; unsigned long long wasted; unsigned long long objwaste; - long long objects_in_partial_slabs; unsigned long percentage_partial_slabs; unsigned long percentage_partial_objs; @@ -790,18 +790,11 @@ void totals(void) wasted = size - used; objwaste = s->slab_size - s->object_size; - objects_in_partial_slabs = s->objects - - (s->slabs - s->partial - s ->cpu_slabs) * - s->objs_per_slab; - - if (objects_in_partial_slabs < 0) - objects_in_partial_slabs = 0; - percentage_partial_slabs = s->partial * 100 / s->slabs; if (percentage_partial_slabs > 100) percentage_partial_slabs = 100; - percentage_partial_objs = objects_in_partial_slabs * 100 + percentage_partial_objs = s->objects_partial * 100 / s->objects; if (percentage_partial_objs > 100) @@ -823,8 +816,8 @@ void totals(void) min_objects = s->objects; if (used < min_used) min_used = used; - if (objects_in_partial_slabs < min_partobj) - min_partobj = objects_in_partial_slabs; + if (s->objects_partial < min_partobj) + min_partobj = s->objects_partial; if (percentage_partial_slabs < min_ppart) min_ppart = percentage_partial_slabs; if (percentage_partial_objs < min_ppartobj) @@ -848,8 +841,8 @@ void totals(void) max_objects = s->objects; if (used > max_used) max_used = used; - if (objects_in_partial_slabs > max_partobj) - max_partobj = objects_in_partial_slabs; + if (s->objects_partial > max_partobj) + max_partobj = s->objects_partial; if (percentage_partial_slabs > max_ppart) max_ppart = percentage_partial_slabs; if (percentage_partial_objs > max_ppartobj) @@ -864,7 +857,7 @@ void totals(void) total_objects += s->objects; total_used += used; - total_partobj += objects_in_partial_slabs; + total_partobj += s->objects_partial; total_ppart += percentage_partial_slabs; total_ppartobj += percentage_partial_objs; @@ -1160,6 +1153,8 @@ void read_slab_dir(void) slab->hwcache_align = get_obj("hwcache_align"); slab->object_size = get_obj("object_size"); slab->objects = get_obj("objects"); + slab->objects_partial = get_obj("objects_partial"); + slab->objects_total = get_obj("objects_total"); slab->objs_per_slab = get_obj("objs_per_slab"); slab->order = get_obj("order"); slab->partial = get_obj("partial"); diff --git a/Documentation/x86/pat.txt b/Documentation/x86/pat.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17965f927c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/x86/pat.txt @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ + +PAT (Page Attribute Table) + +x86 Page Attribute Table (PAT) allows for setting the memory attribute at the +page level granularity. PAT is complementary to the MTRR settings which allows +for setting of memory types over physical address ranges. However, PAT is +more flexible than MTRR due to its capability to set attributes at page level +and also due to the fact that there are no hardware limitations on number of +such attribute settings allowed. Added flexibility comes with guidelines for +not having memory type aliasing for the same physical memory with multiple +virtual addresses. + +PAT allows for different types of memory attributes. The most commonly used +ones that will be supported at this time are Write-back, Uncached, +Write-combined and Uncached Minus. + +There are many different APIs in the kernel that allows setting of memory +attributes at the page level. In order to avoid aliasing, these interfaces +should be used thoughtfully. Below is a table of interfaces available, +their intended usage and their memory attribute relationships. Internally, +these APIs use a reserve_memtype()/free_memtype() interface on the physical +address range to avoid any aliasing. + + +------------------------------------------------------------------- +API | RAM | ACPI,... | Reserved/Holes | +-----------------------|----------|------------|------------------| + | | | | +ioremap | -- | UC | UC | + | | | | +ioremap_cache | -- | WB | WB | + | | | | +ioremap_nocache | -- | UC | UC | + | | | | +ioremap_wc | -- | -- | WC | + | | | | +set_memory_uc | UC | -- | -- | + set_memory_wb | | | | + | | | | +set_memory_wc | WC | -- | -- | + set_memory_wb | | | | + | | | | +pci sysfs resource | -- | -- | UC | + | | | | +pci sysfs resource_wc | -- | -- | WC | + is IORESOURCE_PREFETCH| | | | + | | | | +pci proc | -- | -- | UC | + !PCIIOC_WRITE_COMBINE | | | | + | | | | +pci proc | -- | -- | WC | + PCIIOC_WRITE_COMBINE | | | | + | | | | +/dev/mem | -- | UC | UC | + read-write | | | | + | | | | +/dev/mem | -- | UC | UC | + mmap SYNC flag | | | | + | | | | +/dev/mem | -- | WB/WC/UC | WB/WC/UC | + mmap !SYNC flag | |(from exist-| (from exist- | + and | | ing alias)| ing alias) | + any alias to this area| | | | + | | | | +/dev/mem | -- | WB | WB | + mmap !SYNC flag | | | | + no alias to this area | | | | + and | | | | + MTRR says WB | | | | + | | | | +/dev/mem | -- | -- | UC_MINUS | + mmap !SYNC flag | | | | + no alias to this area | | | | + and | | | | + MTRR says !WB | | | | + | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Notes: + +-- in the above table mean "Not suggested usage for the API". Some of the --'s +are strictly enforced by the kernel. Some others are not really enforced +today, but may be enforced in future. + +For ioremap and pci access through /sys or /proc - The actual type returned +can be more restrictive, in case of any existing aliasing for that address. +For example: If there is an existing uncached mapping, a new ioremap_wc can +return uncached mapping in place of write-combine requested. + +set_memory_[uc|wc] and set_memory_wb should be used in pairs, where driver will +first make a region uc or wc and switch it back to wb after use. + +Over time writes to /proc/mtrr will be deprecated in favor of using PAT based +interfaces. Users writing to /proc/mtrr are suggested to use above interfaces. + +Drivers should use ioremap_[uc|wc] to access PCI BARs with [uc|wc] access +types. + +Drivers should use set_memory_[uc|wc] to set access type for RAM ranges. + diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt b/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt index 34abae4e944..b0c7b6c4abd 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt @@ -307,3 +307,8 @@ Debugging stuck (default) Miscellaneous + + nogbpages + Do not use GB pages for kernel direct mappings. + gbpages + Use GB pages for kernel direct mappings. |