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The ubd help message didn't document the 'c' flag.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Get rid of asmlinkage and remove some old cruft from asm/linkage.h.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Implement get_wchan - the algorithm is similar to x86. It starts with the
stack pointer of the process in question and looks above that for addresses
that are kernel text. The second one which isn't in the scheduler is the one
that's returned. The first one is ignored because that will be UML's own
context switching routine.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch contains varied fixes and improvements for some files under
arch/um/os-Linux/, such as a typo fix in a perror message, a missing
argument fix for a printf, some constifying for pointers and so on.
[ jdike - made sigprocmask failure return -errno instead of -1 ]
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch removes some code which ran at every boot, but does not seem to do
anything anymore. Please test. It works for me but mistakes can happen.
Signed-off-by: Karol Swietlicki <magotari@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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init.h started breaking now for some reason. It turns out that there wasn't a
definition of __used. Fixed this by copying the relevant stuff from
compiler.h in the userspace case, and including compiler.h in the kernel case.
[xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com: added definition of __section]
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This is very old code, it hasn't changed since 2001 and it is not used
anywhere. Noticed by Clemens Koller.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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An extra error handling label is needed for the case where the ioremap has
succeeded.
The problem was detected using the following semantic match
(http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/)
// <smpl>
@@
type T,T1,T2;
identifier E;
statement S;
expression x1,x2;
constant C;
int ret;
@@
T E;
...
* E = ioremap(...);
if (E == NULL) S
... when != iounmap(E)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... iounmap(E); ...}
when != x1 = (T1)E
if (...) {
... when != iounmap(E)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... iounmap(E); ...}
when != x2 = (T2)E
(
* return;
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* return C;
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* return ret;
)
}
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Improve including of architecture dependent Kconfig files.
- Always include the architecture dependent Kconfig files.
- Wrap architecture dependent Kconfig files inside an appropriate
"if ETRAX_ARCH_Vxx" block.
This makes it possible to run the configuration even without the arch links,
which are created later in the build process.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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It seems, that current kernel source code contains no traces of
MAC_ADBKEYCODES and no reference to keyboard_sends_linux_keycodes any more.
Remove them from configuration files.
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Brabec <sbrabec@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add some new card definitions and fix a typo (from Eugen Paiuc).
Signed-off-by: Finn Thain <fthain@telegraphics.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Finn Thain <fthain@telegraphics.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Corrects a mistake I made in a comment.
Signed-off-by: Finn Thain <fthain@telegraphics.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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EXPORT_SYMBOL's belong to the actual code.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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EXPORT_SYMBOL's belong to the actual code.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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EXPORT_SYMBOL's belong to the actual code.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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It was empty.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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EXPORT_SYMBOL's belong to the actual code.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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nubus: kill drivers/nubus/nubus_syms.c
EXPORT_SYMBOL's belong to the actual code.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <12o3l@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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[Geert: eliminate NUMNAMES, as suggested by Richard Knutsson ]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-syle fixes]
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Martinez Ruiz <alex@flawedcode.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Richard Knutsson <ricknu-0@student.ltu.se>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Alejandro Martinez Ruiz <alex@flawedcode.org>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The cc-cross-prefix is new and developed on request from Geert Uytterhoeven.
With cc-cross-prefix it is now much easier to have a few default cross compile
prefixes and defaulting to none - if none of them were present. ARCH
maintainers are expected to pick up this feature soon.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Modify the b43 driver to avoid deadlocking suspend and resume, which happens
as a result of attempting to unregister device objects locked by the PM core
during suspend/resume cycles. Also, make it use a suspend-safe method of
unregistering device object in the resume error path.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Make it possible to unregister a led classdev object in a safe way during a
suspend/resume cycle.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Make it possible to unregister a Hardware Random Number Generator
device object in a safe way during a suspend/resume cycle.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Cc: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Make it possible to unregister a misc device object in a safe way during a
suspend/resume cycle.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Replace latency.c use with pm_qos_params use.
Signed-off-by: mark gross <mgross@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The following patch is a generalization of the latency.c implementation done
by Arjan last year. It provides infrastructure for more than one parameter,
and exposes a user mode interface for processes to register pm_qos
expectations of processes.
This interface provides a kernel and user mode interface for registering
performance expectations by drivers, subsystems and user space applications on
one of the parameters.
Currently we have {cpu_dma_latency, network_latency, network_throughput} as
the initial set of pm_qos parameters.
The infrastructure exposes multiple misc device nodes one per implemented
parameter. The set of parameters implement is defined by pm_qos_power_init()
and pm_qos_params.h. This is done because having the available parameters
being runtime configurable or changeable from a driver was seen as too easy to
abuse.
For each parameter a list of performance requirements is maintained along with
an aggregated target value. The aggregated target value is updated with
changes to the requirement list or elements of the list. Typically the
aggregated target value is simply the max or min of the requirement values
held in the parameter list elements.
>From kernel mode the use of this interface is simple:
pm_qos_add_requirement(param_id, name, target_value):
Will insert a named element in the list for that identified PM_QOS
parameter with the target value. Upon change to this list the new target is
recomputed and any registered notifiers are called only if the target value
is now different.
pm_qos_update_requirement(param_id, name, new_target_value):
Will search the list identified by the param_id for the named list element
and then update its target value, calling the notification tree if the
aggregated target is changed. with that name is already registered.
pm_qos_remove_requirement(param_id, name):
Will search the identified list for the named element and remove it, after
removal it will update the aggregate target and call the notification tree
if the target was changed as a result of removing the named requirement.
>From user mode:
Only processes can register a pm_qos requirement. To provide for
automatic cleanup for process the interface requires the process to register
its parameter requirements in the following way:
To register the default pm_qos target for the specific parameter, the
process must open one of /dev/[cpu_dma_latency, network_latency,
network_throughput]
As long as the device node is held open that process has a registered
requirement on the parameter. The name of the requirement is
"process_<PID>" derived from the current->pid from within the open system
call.
To change the requested target value the process needs to write a s32
value to the open device node. This translates to a
pm_qos_update_requirement call.
To remove the user mode request for a target value simply close the device
node.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build again]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: mark gross <mgross@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Venki Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: Adam Belay <abelay@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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kernel_shutdown_prepare() can now become static.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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resume_file[] and create_image() can become static.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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mm/vmalloc.c: In function 'unmap_kernel_range':
mm/vmalloc.c:75: warning: unused variable 'start'
Macros are so horrid.
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Convert AGP alpha driver from nopage to fault.
NULL is NOPAGE_SIGBUS, so we aren't changing behaviour there.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Alpha doesn't use socketcall and doesn't provide __NR_socketcall.
Signed-off-by: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@citrix.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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pci-noop.c doesn't use DMA mappings.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Prevents stuff like
drivers/crypto/hifn_795x.c:2443: warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 4 has type 'long int'
drivers/crypto/hifn_795x.c:2443: warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 4 has type 'long int'
(at least).
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Lucas Woods <woodzy@gmail.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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One EXPORT_SYMBOL should be enough for everyone.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This builds on top of the earlier vmalloc_32_user() work introduced by
b50731732f926d6c49fd0724616a7344c31cd5cf, as we now have places in the nommu
allmodconfig that hit up against these missing APIs.
As vmalloc_32_user() is already implemented, this is moved over to
vmalloc_user() and simply made a wrapper. As all current nommu platforms are
32-bit addressable, there's no special casing we have to do for ZONE_DMA and
things of that nature as per GFP_VMALLOC32.
remap_vmalloc_range() needs to check VM_USERMAP in order to figure out whether
we permit the remap or not, which means that we also have to rework the
vmalloc_user() code to grovel for the VMA and set the flag.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: David McCullough <david_mccullough@securecomputing.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Removing config variable DUMPTOFLASH, since it is not used
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <olsajiri@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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remove dead config symbols from m68knommu code
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <olsajiri@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Use ARRAY_SIZE macroto get maximum ports in ColdFire serial driver.
Signed-off-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The function is question gets the pid from sysctl table, so this one is a
virtual pid, i.e. the pid of a task as it is seen from inside a namespace.
So the find_task_by_vpid() must be used here.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove dead config symbol from FRV code.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <olsajiri@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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To be consistent with other architectures, these two DMA macros should
be defined in scatterlist.h as opposed to dma-mapping.h
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Permit the memory to be located somewhere other than address 0xC0000000 in
NOMMU mode. The configuration options are already present, it just
requires wiring up in the linker script.
Note that only a limited set of locations of runtime addresses are available
because of the way the CPU protection registers work.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Smack is the Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel.
Smack implements mandatory access control (MAC) using labels
attached to tasks and data containers, including files, SVIPC,
and other tasks. Smack is a kernel based scheme that requires
an absolute minimum of application support and a very small
amount of configuration data.
Smack uses extended attributes and
provides a set of general mount options, borrowing technics used
elsewhere. Smack uses netlabel for CIPSO labeling. Smack provides
a pseudo-filesystem smackfs that is used for manipulation of
system Smack attributes.
The patch, patches for ls and sshd, a README, a startup script,
and x86 binaries for ls and sshd are also available on
http://www.schaufler-ca.com
Development has been done using Fedora Core 7 in a virtual machine
environment and on an old Sony laptop.
Smack provides mandatory access controls based on the label attached
to a task and the label attached to the object it is attempting to
access. Smack labels are deliberately short (1-23 characters) text
strings. Single character labels using special characters are reserved
for system use. The only operation applied to Smack labels is equality
comparison. No wildcards or expressions, regular or otherwise, are
used. Smack labels are composed of printable characters and may not
include "/".
A file always gets the Smack label of the task that created it.
Smack defines and uses these labels:
"*" - pronounced "star"
"_" - pronounced "floor"
"^" - pronounced "hat"
"?" - pronounced "huh"
The access rules enforced by Smack are, in order:
1. Any access requested by a task labeled "*" is denied.
2. A read or execute access requested by a task labeled "^"
is permitted.
3. A read or execute access requested on an object labeled "_"
is permitted.
4. Any access requested on an object labeled "*" is permitted.
5. Any access requested by a task on an object with the same
label is permitted.
6. Any access requested that is explicitly defined in the loaded
rule set is permitted.
7. Any other access is denied.
Rules may be explicitly defined by writing subject,object,access
triples to /smack/load.
Smack rule sets can be easily defined that describe Bell&LaPadula
sensitivity, Biba integrity, and a variety of interesting
configurations. Smack rule sets can be modified on the fly to
accommodate changes in the operating environment or even the time
of day.
Some practical use cases:
Hierarchical levels. The less common of the two usual uses
for MLS systems is to define hierarchical levels, often
unclassified, confidential, secret, and so on. To set up smack
to support this, these rules could be defined:
C Unclass rx
S C rx
S Unclass rx
TS S rx
TS C rx
TS Unclass rx
A TS process can read S, C, and Unclass data, but cannot write it.
An S process can read C and Unclass. Note that specifying that
TS can read S and S can read C does not imply TS can read C, it
has to be explicitly stated.
Non-hierarchical categories. This is the more common of the
usual uses for an MLS system. Since the default rule is that a
subject cannot access an object with a different label no
access rules are required to implement compartmentalization.
A case that the Bell & LaPadula policy does not allow is demonstrated
with this Smack access rule:
A case that Bell&LaPadula does not allow that Smack does:
ESPN ABC r
ABC ESPN r
On my portable video device I have two applications, one that
shows ABC programming and the other ESPN programming. ESPN wants
to show me sport stories that show up as news, and ABC will
only provide minimal information about a sports story if ESPN
is covering it. Each side can look at the other's info, neither
can change the other. Neither can see what FOX is up to, which
is just as well all things considered.
Another case that I especially like:
SatData Guard w
Guard Publish w
A program running with the Guard label opens a UDP socket and
accepts messages sent by a program running with a SatData label.
The Guard program inspects the message to ensure it is wholesome
and if it is sends it to a program running with the Publish label.
This program then puts the information passed in an appropriate
place. Note that the Guard program cannot write to a Publish
file system object because file system semanitic require read as
well as write.
The four cases (categories, levels, mutual read, guardbox) here
are all quite real, and problems I've been asked to solve over
the years. The first two are easy to do with traditonal MLS systems
while the last two you can't without invoking privilege, at least
for a while.
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Cc: Joshua Brindle <method@manicmethod.com>
Cc: Paul Moore <paul.moore@hp.com>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: "Ahmed S. Darwish" <darwish.07@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add a new set of configuration functions to the NetLabel/LSM API so that
LSMs can perform their own configuration of the NetLabel subsystem without
relying on assistance from userspace.
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul.moore@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Root processes are considered more important when out of memory and killing
proceses. The check for CAP_SYS_ADMIN was augmented with a check for
uid==0 or euid==0.
There are several possible ways to look at this:
1. uid comparisons are unnecessary, trust CAP_SYS_ADMIN
alone. However CAP_SYS_RESOURCE is the one that really
means "give me extra resources" so allow for that as
well.
2. Any privileged code should be protected, but uid is not
an indication of privilege. So we should check whether
any capabilities are raised.
3. uid==0 makes processes on the host as well as in containers
more important, so we should keep the existing checks.
4. uid==0 makes processes only on the host more important,
even without any capabilities. So we should be keeping
the (uid==0||euid==0) check but only when
userns==&init_user_ns.
I'm following number 1 here.
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrew Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The capability bounding set is a set beyond which capabilities cannot grow.
Currently cap_bset is per-system. It can be manipulated through sysctl,
but only init can add capabilities. Root can remove capabilities. By
default it includes all caps except CAP_SETPCAP.
This patch makes the bounding set per-process when file capabilities are
enabled. It is inherited at fork from parent. Noone can add elements,
CAP_SETPCAP is required to remove them.
One example use of this is to start a safer container. For instance, until
device namespaces or per-container device whitelists are introduced, it is
best to take CAP_MKNOD away from a container.
The bounding set will not affect pP and pE immediately. It will only
affect pP' and pE' after subsequent exec()s. It also does not affect pI,
and exec() does not constrain pI'. So to really start a shell with no way
of regain CAP_MKNOD, you would do
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, CAP_MKNOD);
cap_t cap = cap_get_proc();
cap_value_t caparray[1];
caparray[0] = CAP_MKNOD;
cap_set_flag(cap, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, caparray, CAP_DROP);
cap_set_proc(cap);
cap_free(cap);
The following test program will get and set the bounding
set (but not pI). For instance
./bset get
(lists capabilities in bset)
./bset drop cap_net_raw
(starts shell with new bset)
(use capset, setuid binary, or binary with
file capabilities to try to increase caps)
************************************************************
cap_bound.c
************************************************************
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_READ
#define PR_CAPBSET_READ 23
#endif
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_DROP
#define PR_CAPBSET_DROP 24
#endif
int usage(char *me)
{
printf("Usage: %s get\n", me);
printf(" %s drop <capability>\n", me);
return 1;
}
#define numcaps 32
char *captable[numcaps] = {
"cap_chown",
"cap_dac_override",
"cap_dac_read_search",
"cap_fowner",
"cap_fsetid",
"cap_kill",
"cap_setgid",
"cap_setuid",
"cap_setpcap",
"cap_linux_immutable",
"cap_net_bind_service",
"cap_net_broadcast",
"cap_net_admin",
"cap_net_raw",
"cap_ipc_lock",
"cap_ipc_owner",
"cap_sys_module",
"cap_sys_rawio",
"cap_sys_chroot",
"cap_sys_ptrace",
"cap_sys_pacct",
"cap_sys_admin",
"cap_sys_boot",
"cap_sys_nice",
"cap_sys_resource",
"cap_sys_time",
"cap_sys_tty_config",
"cap_mknod",
"cap_lease",
"cap_audit_write",
"cap_audit_control",
"cap_setfcap"
};
int getbcap(void)
{
int comma=0;
unsigned long i;
int ret;
printf("i know of %d capabilities\n", numcaps);
printf("capability bounding set:");
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
ret = prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i);
if (ret < 0)
perror("prctl");
else if (ret==1)
printf("%s%s", (comma++) ? ", " : " ", captable[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int capdrop(char *str)
{
unsigned long i;
int found=0;
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
if (strcmp(captable[i], str) == 0) {
found=1;
break;
}
}
if (!found)
return 1;
if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i)) {
perror("prctl");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc<2)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (strcmp(argv[1], "get")==0)
return getbcap();
if (strcmp(argv[1], "drop")!=0 || argc<3)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (capdrop(argv[2])) {
printf("unknown capability\n");
return 1;
}
return execl("/bin/bash", "/bin/bash", NULL);
}
************************************************************
[serue@us.ibm.com: fix typo]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>a
Signed-off-by: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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