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2008-06-06uml: deal with inaccessible address space startTom Spink
This patch makes os_get_task_size locate the bottom of the address space, as well as the top. This is for systems which put a lower limit on mmap addresses. It works by manually scanning pages from zero onwards until a valid page is found. Because the bottom of the address space may not be zero, it's not sufficient to assume the top of the address space is the size of the address space. The size is the difference between the top address and bottom address. [jdike@addtoit.com: changed the name to reflect that this function is supposed to return the top of the process address space, not its size and changed the return value to reflect that. Also some minor formatting changes] Signed-off-by: Tom Spink <tspink@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-23uml: fix FP register corruptionJeff Dike
Commit ee3d9bd4de1ed93d2a7ee41c331ed30a1c7b8acd ("uml: simplify SIGSEGV handling"), while greatly simplifying the kernel SIGSEGV handler that runs in the process address space, introduced a bug which corrupts FP state in the process. Previously, the SIGSEGV handler called the sigreturn system call by hand - it couldn't return through the restorer provided to it because that could try to call the libc restorer which likely wouldn't exist in the process address space. So, it blocked off some signals, including SIGUSR1, on entry to the SIGSEGV handler, queued a SIGUSR1 to itself, and invoked sigreturn. The SIGUSR1 was delivered, and was visible to the UML kernel after sigreturn finished. The commit eliminated the signal masking and the call to sigreturn. The handler simply hits itself with a SIGTRAP to let the UML kernel know that it is finished. UML then restores the process registers, which effectively longjmps the process out of the signal handler, skipping sigreturn's restoring of register state and the signal mask. The bug is that the host apparently sets used_fp to 0 when it saves the process FP state in the sigcontext on the process signal stack. Thus, when the process is longjmped out of the handler, its FP state is corrupt because it wasn't saved on the context switch to the UML kernel. This manifested itself as sleep hanging. For some reason, sleep uses floating point in order to calculate the sleep interval. When a page fault corrupts its FP state, it is faked into essentially sleeping forever. This patch saves the FP state before entering the SIGSEGV handler and restores it afterwards. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08uml: style fixes in arch/um/os-LinuxJeff Dike
Style changes under arch/um/os-Linux: include trimming CodingStyle fixes some printks needed severity indicators make_tempfile turns out not to be used outside of mem.c, so it is now static. Its declaration in tempfile.h is no longer needed, and tempfile.h itself is no longer needed. create_tmp_file was also made static. checkpatch moans about an EXPORT_SYMBOL in user_syms.c which is part of a macro definition - this is copying a bit of kernel infrastructure into the libc side of UML because the kernel headers can't be included there. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08uml: runtime host VMSPLIT detectionJeff Dike
Calculate TASK_SIZE at run-time by figuring out the host's VMSPLIT - this is needed on i386 if UML is to run on hosts with varying VMSPLITs without recompilation. TASK_SIZE is now defined in terms of a variable, task_size. This gets rid of an include of pgtable.h from processor.h, which can cause include loops. On i386, task_size is calculated early in boot by probing the address space in a binary search to figure out where the boundary between usable and non-usable memory is. This tries to make sure that a page that is considered to be in userspace is, or can be made, read-write. I'm concerned about a system-global VDSO page in kernel memory being hit and considered to be a userspace page. On x86_64, task_size is just the old value of CONFIG_TOP_ADDR. A bunch of config variable are gone now. CONFIG_TOP_ADDR is directly replaced by TASK_SIZE. NEST_LEVEL is gone since the relocation of the stubs makes it irrelevant. All the HOST_VMSPLIT stuff is gone. All references to these in arch/um/Makefile are also gone. I noticed and fixed a missing extern in os.h when adding os_get_task_size. Note: This has been revised to fix the 32-bit UML on 64-bit host bug that Miklos ran into. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-16uml: throw out CONFIG_MODE_TTJeff Dike
This patchset throws out tt mode, which has been non-functional for a while. This is done in phases, interspersed with code cleanups on the affected files. The removal is done as follows: remove all code, config options, and files which depend on CONFIG_MODE_TT get rid of the CHOOSE_MODE macro, which decided whether to call tt-mode or skas-mode code, and replace invocations with their skas portions replace all now-trivial procedures with their skas equivalents There are now a bunch of now-redundant pieces of data structures, including mode-specific pieces of the thread structure, pt_regs, and mm_context. These are all replaced with their skas-specific contents. As part of the ongoing style compliance project, I made a style pass over all files that were changed. There are three such patches, one for each phase, covering the files affected by that phase but no later ones. I noticed that we weren't freeing the LDT state associated with a process when it exited, so that's fixed in one of the later patches. The last patch is a tidying patch which I've had for a while, but which caused inexplicable crashes under tt mode. Since that is no longer a problem, this can now go in. This patch: Start getting rid of tt mode support. This patch throws out CONFIG_MODE_TT and all config options, code, and files which depend on it. CONFIG_MODE_SKAS is gone and everything that depends on it is included unconditionally. The few changed lines are in re-written Kconfig help, lines which needed something skas-related removed from them, and a few more which weren't strictly deletions. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-16uml: stop saving process FP stateJeff Dike
Throw out a lot of code dealing with saving and restoring floating-point state. In skas mode, where processes run in a restoring floating-point state on kernel entry and exit is pointless. This eliminates most of arch/um/os-Linux/sys-{i386,x86_64}/registers.c. Most of what remained is now arch-indpendent, and can be moved up to arch/um/os-Linux/registers.c. Both arches need the jmp_buf accessor get_thread_reg, and i386 needs {save,restore}_fp_regs because it cheats during sigreturn by getting the fp state using ptrace rather than copying it out of the process sigcontext. After this, it turns out that arch/um/include/skas/mode-skas.h is almost completely unneeded. The declarations in it are variables which either don't exist or which don't have global scope. The one exception is kill_off_processes_skas. If that's removed, this header can be deleted. This uncovered a bug in user.h, which wasn't correctly making sure that a size_t definition was available to both userspace and kernelspace files. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-08-31uml: fix x86_64 core dump crashJeff Dike
Stop UML crashing when trying to dump a process core on x86_64. This is the minimal fix to stop the crash - more things are broken here, and patches are forthcoming. The immediate thing to do is define ELF_CORE_COPY_REGS and ELF_CORE_COPY_FPREGS. Defining ELF_CORE_COPY_FPREGS allows dump_fpu to go away. It is defined in terms of save_fp_registers, so that needs to be added. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11uml: iRQ stacksJeff Dike
Add a separate IRQ stack. This differs from i386 in having the entire interrupt run on a separate stack rather than starting on the normal kernel stack and switching over once some preparation has been done. The underlying mechanism, is of course, sigaltstack. Another difference is that interrupts that happen in userspace are handled on the normal kernel stack. These cause a wait wakeup instead of a signal delivery so there is no point in trying to switch stacks for these. There's no other stuff on the stack, so there is no extra stack consumption. This quirk makes it possible to have the entire interrupt run on a separate stack - process preemption (and calls to schedule()) happens on a normal kernel stack. If we enable CONFIG_PREEMPT, this will need to be rethought. The IRQ stack for CPU 0 is declared in the same way as the initial kernel stack. IRQ stacks for other CPUs will be allocated dynamically. An extra field was added to the thread_info structure. When the active thread_info is copied to the IRQ stack, the real_thread field points back to the original stack. This makes it easy to tell where to copy the thread_info struct back to when the interrupt is finished. It also serves as a marker of a nested interrupt. It is NULL for the first interrupt on the stack, and non-NULL for any nested interrupts. Care is taken to behave correctly if a second interrupt comes in when the thread_info structure is being set up or taken down. I could just disable interrupts here, but I don't feel like giving up any of the performance gained by not flipping signals on and off. If an interrupt comes in during these critical periods, the handler can't run because it has no idea what shape the stack is in. So, it sets a bit for its signal in a global mask and returns. The outer handler will deal with this signal itself. Atomicity is had with xchg. A nested interrupt that needs to bail out will xchg its signal mask into pending_mask and repeat in case yet another interrupt hit at the same time, until the mask stabilizes. The outermost interrupt will set up the thread_info and xchg a zero into pending_mask when it is done. At this point, nested interrupts will look at ->real_thread and see that no setup needs to be done. They can just continue normally. Similar care needs to be taken when exiting the outer handler. If another interrupt comes in while it is copying the thread_info, it will drop a bit into pending_mask. The outer handler will check this and if it is non-zero, will loop, set up the stack again, and handle the interrupt. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-03-27[PATCH] uml: use correct register file size everywhereJeff Dike
This patch uses MAX_REG_NR consistently to refer to the register file size. FRAME_SIZE isn't sufficient because on x86_64, it is smaller than the ptrace register file size. MAX_REG_NR was introduced as a consistent way to get the number of registers, but wasn't used everywhere it should be. When this causes a problem, it makes PTRACE_SETREGS fail on x86_64 because of a corrupted segment register value in the known-good register file. The patch also adds a register dump at that point in case there are any future problems here. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-02-11[PATCH] uml: x86_64 thread fixesJeff Dike
x86_64 needs some TLS fixes. What was missing was remembering the child thread id during clone and stuffing it into the child during each context switch. The %fs value is stored separately in the thread structure since the host controls what effect it has on the actual register file. The host also needs to store it in its own thread struct, so we need the value kept outside the register file. arch_prctl_skas was fixed to call PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL appropriately. There is some saving and restoring of registers in the ARCH_SET_* cases so that the correct set of registers are changed on the host and restored to the process when it runs again. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-02-11[PATCH] uml: register handling formatting fixesJeff Dike
Formatting fixes in the register handling code. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2006-09-26[PATCH] uml: stack usage reductionJeff Dike
The KSTK_* macros used an inordinate amount of stack. In order to overcome an impedance mismatch between their interface, which just returns a single register value, and the interface of get_thread_regs, which took a full pt_regs, the implementation created an on-stack pt_regs, filled it in, and returned one field. do_task_stat calls KSTK_* twice, resulting in two local pt_regs, blowing out the stack. This patch changes the interface (and name) of get_thread_regs to just return a single register from a jmp_buf. The include of archsetjmp.h" in registers.h to get the definition of jmp_buf exposed a bogus include of <setjmp.h> in start_up.c. <setjmp.h> shouldn't be used anywhere any more since UML uses the klibc setjmp/longjmp. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26[PATCH] uml: Move signal handlers to arch codeJeff Dike
Have most signals go through an arch-provided handler which recovers the sigcontext and then calls a generic handler. This replaces the ARCH_GET_SIGCONTEXT macro, which was somewhat fragile. On x86_64, recovering %rdx (which holds the sigcontext pointer) must be the first thing that happens. sig_handler duly invokes that first, but there is no guarantee that I can see that instructions won't be reordered such that %rdx is used before that. Having the arch provide the handler seems much more robust. Some signals in some parts of UML require their own handlers - these places don't call set_handler any more. They call sigaction or signal themselves. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26[PATCH] uml: Use klibc setjmp/longjmpJeff Dike
This patch adds an implementation of setjmp and longjmp to UML, allowing access to the inside of a jmpbuf without needing the access macros formerly provided by libc. The implementation is stolen from klibc. I copy the relevant files into arch/um. I have another patch which avoids the copying, but requires klibc be in the tree. setjmp and longjmp users required some tweaking. Includes of <setjmp.h> were removed and includes of the UML longjmp.h were added where necessary. There are also replacements of siglongjmp with UML_LONGJMP which I somehow missed earlier. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-05-01[PATCH] uml: error handling fixesJeff Dike
Blairsorblade noticed some confusion between our use of a system call's return value and errno. This patch fixes a number of related bugs - using errno instead of a return value using a return value instead of errno forgetting to negate a error return to get a positive error code Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-02-07[PATCH] uml: initialize process FP registers properlyJeff Dike
We weren't making sure that we initialized the FP registers of new processes to sane values. This patch also moves some defines in the affected area closer to where they are used. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-10-04[PATCH] uml: Fix sysrq-r support for skas modeAllan Graves
The old code had the IP and SP coming from the registers in the thread struct, which are completely wrong since those are the userspace registers. This fixes that by pulling the correct values from the jmp_buf in which the kernel state of each thread is stored. Signed-off-by: Allan Graves <allan.graves@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-07-07[PATCH] uml: skas0 - separate kernel address space on stock hostsJeff Dike
UML has had two modes of operation - an insecure, slow mode (tt mode) in which the kernel is mapped into every process address space which requires no host kernel modifications, and a secure, faster mode (skas mode) in which the UML kernel is in a separate host address space, which requires a patch to the host kernel. This patch implements something very close to skas mode for hosts which don't support skas - I'm calling this skas0. It provides the security of the skas host patch, and some of the performance gains. The two main things that are provided by the skas patch, /proc/mm and PTRACE_FAULTINFO, are implemented in a way that require no host patch. For the remote address space changing stuff (mmap, munmap, and mprotect), we set aside two pages in the process above its stack, one of which contains a little bit of code which can call mmap et al. To update the address space, the system call information (system call number and arguments) are written to the stub page above the code. The %esp is set to the beginning of the data, the %eip is set the the start of the stub, and it repeatedly pops the information into its registers and makes the system call until it sees a system call number of zero. This is to amortize the cost of the context switch across multiple address space updates. When the updates are done, it SIGSTOPs itself, and the kernel process continues what it was doing. For a PTRACE_FAULTINFO replacement, we set up a SIGSEGV handler in the child, and let it handle segfaults rather than nullifying them. The handler is in the same page as the mmap stub. The second page is used as the stack. The handler reads cr2 and err from the sigcontext, sticks them at the base of the stack in a faultinfo struct, and SIGSTOPs itself. The kernel then reads the faultinfo and handles the fault. A complication on x86_64 is that this involves resetting the registers to the segfault values when the process is inside the kill system call. This breaks on x86_64 because %rcx will contain %rip because you tell SYSRET where to return to by putting the value in %rcx. So, this corrupts $rcx on return from the segfault. To work around this, I added an arch_finish_segv, which on x86 does nothing, but which on x86_64 ptraces the child back through the sigreturn. This causes %rcx to be restored by sigreturn and avoids the corruption. Ultimately, I think I will replace this with the trick of having it send itself a blocked signal which will be unblocked by the sigreturn. This will allow it to be stopped just after the sigreturn, and PTRACE_SYSCALLed without all the back-and-forth of PTRACE_SYSCALLing it through sigreturn. This runs on a stock host, so theoretically (and hopefully), tt mode isn't needed any more. We need to make sure that this is better in every way than tt mode, though. I'm concerned about the speed of address space updates and page fault handling, since they involve extra round-trips to the child. We can amortize the round-trip cost for large address space updates by writing all of the operations to the data page and having the child execute them all at the same time. This will help fork and exec, but not page faults, since they involve only one page. I can't think of any way to help page faults, except to add something like PTRACE_FAULTINFO to the host. There is PTRACE_SIGINFO, but UML doesn't use siginfo for SIGSEGV (or anything else) because there isn't enough information in the siginfo struct to handle page faults (the faulting operation type is missing). Adding that would make PTRACE_SIGINFO a usable equivalent to PTRACE_FAULTINFO. As for the code itself: - The system call stub is in arch/um/kernel/sys-$(SUBARCH)/stub.S. It is put in its own section of the binary along with stub_segv_handler in arch/um/kernel/skas/process.c. This is manipulated with run_syscall_stub in arch/um/kernel/skas/mem_user.c. syscall_stub will execute any system call at all, but it's only used for mmap, munmap, and mprotect. - The x86_64 stub calls sigreturn by hand rather than allowing the normal sigreturn to happen, because the normal sigreturn is a SA_RESTORER in UML's address space provided by libc. Needless to say, this is not available in the child's address space. Also, it does a couple of odd pops before that which restore the stack to the state it was in at the time the signal handler was called. - There is a new field in the arch mmu_context, which is now a union. This is the pid to be manipulated rather than the /proc/mm file descriptor. Code which deals with this now checks proc_mm to see whether it should use the usual skas code or the new code. - userspace_tramp is now used to create a new host process for every UML process, rather than one per UML processor. It checks proc_mm and ptrace_faultinfo to decide whether to map in the pages above its stack. - start_userspace now makes CLONE_VM conditional on proc_mm since we need separate address spaces now. - switch_mm_skas now just sets userspace_pid[0] to the new pid rather than PTRACE_SWITCH_MM. There is an addition to userspace which updates its idea of the pid being manipulated each time around the loop. This is important on exec, when the pid will change underneath userspace(). - The stub page has a pte, but it can't be mapped in using tlb_flush because it is part of tlb_flush. This is why it's required for it to be mapped in by userspace_tramp. Other random things: - The stub section in uml.lds.S is page aligned. This page is written out to the backing vm file in setup_physmem because it is mapped from there into user processes. - There's some confusion with TASK_SIZE now that there are a couple of extra pages that the process can't use. TASK_SIZE is considered by the elf code to be the usable process memory, which is reasonable, so it is decreased by two pages. This confuses the definition of USER_PGDS_IN_LAST_PML4, making it too small because of the rounding down of the uneven division. So we round it to the nearest PGDIR_SIZE rather than the lower one. - I added a missing PT_SYSCALL_ARG6_OFFSET macro. - um_mmu.h was made into a userspace-usable file. - proc_mm and ptrace_faultinfo are globals which say whether the host supports these features. - There is a bad interaction between the mm.nr_ptes check at the end of exit_mmap, stack randomization, and skas0. exit_mmap will stop freeing pages at the PGDIR_SIZE boundary after the last vma. If the stack isn't on the last page table page, the last pte page won't be freed, as it should be since the stub ptes are there, and exit_mmap will BUG because there is an unfreed page. To get around this, TASK_SIZE is set to the next lowest PGDIR_SIZE boundary and mm->nr_ptes is decremented after the calls to init_stub_pte. This ensures that we know the process stack (and all other process mappings) will be below the top page table page, and thus we know that mm->nr_ptes will be one too many, and can be decremented. Things that need fixing: - We may need better assurrences that the stub code is PIC. - The stub pte is set up in init_new_context_skas. - alloc_pgdir is probably the right place. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!