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path: root/drivers/mtd/ubi/vtbl.c
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2008-07-24UBI: remove pre-sqnum images supportArtem Bityutskiy
Before UBI got into mainline, there was a slight flash format change - we did not have sequence number support, then added it. We have carried full support of those ancient images till this moment. Now the support is removed, well, not fully removed. Now UBI will support only _clean_ old images, which were cleanly detached last time (just before kernel upgrade). This is most likely the case. But we will not support unclean ancient images. Surprisingly, this allows us to remove a big chunk of legacy code. And the same should be true for downgrading: clean images should downgrade fine, but unclean ones will not. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: fix kernel-doc errors and warningsArtem Bityutskiy
No functional changes, just tweak comments to make kernel-doc work fine and stop complaining. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: fix checkpatch.pl errors and warningsArtem Bityutskiy
Just out or curiousity ran checkpatch.pl for whole UBI, and discovered there are quite a few of stylistic issues. Fix them. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: implement multiple volumes renameArtem Bityutskiy
Quite useful ioctl which allows to make atomic system upgrades. The idea belongs to Richard Titmuss <richard_titmuss@logitech.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: fix and re-work debugging stuffArtem Bityutskiy
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: avoid unnecessary division operationsKyungmin Park
UBI already checks that @min io size is the power of 2 at io_init. It is save to use bit operations then. Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: add a commentArtem Bityutskiy
It is not clear why we schedule PEB for scrubbing in case of -EBADMSG. Elaborate. Requested-by: Kyungmin Park <kmpark@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: print error codeArtem Bityutskiy
Print error code if checking failed which is very useful to identify problems. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-03-04UBI: mtd/ubi/vtbl.c: fix memory leakAdrian Bunk
This patch fixes a memory leak introduced by commit 4ccf8cffa963c7b5bdc6d455ea9417084ee49aa8 and spotted by the Coverity checker. Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-02-01UBI: do not flush queue on each vtbl changeArtem Bityutskiy
This is just not necessary. We re-write whole layout copy, so the old contents cannot show up again sice scan process will drop it. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-01-25UBI: add layout volume informationArtem Bityutskiy
Add more information about layout volume to make userspace tools use the macros instead of constants. Also rename UBI_LAYOUT_VOL_ID to make it consistent with other macros. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-01-25UBI: add auto-resize featureArtem Bityutskiy
The problem: NAND flashes have different amount of initial bad physical eraseblocks (marked as bad by the manufacturer). For example, for 256MiB Samsung OneNAND flash there might be from 0 to 40 bad initial eraseblocks, which is about 2%. When UBI is used as the base system, one needs to know the exact amount of good physical eraseblocks, because this number is needed to create the UBI image which is put to the devices during production. But this number is not know, which forces us to use the minimum number of good physical eraseblocks. And UBI additionally reserves some percentage of physical eraseblocks for bad block handling (default is 1%), so we have 1-3% of PEBs reserved at the end, depending on the amount of initial bad PEBs. But it is desired to always have 1% (or more, depending on the configuration). Solution: this patch adds an "auto-resize" flag to the volume table. The volume which has the "auto-resize" flag will automatically be re-sized (enlarged) on the first UBI initialization. UBI clears the flag when the volume is re-sized. Only one volume may have the "auto-resize" flag. So, the production UBI image may have one volume with "auto-resize" flag set, and its size is automatically adjusted on the first boot of the device. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: fix commentArtem Bityutskiy
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: introduce volume refcountingArtem Bityutskiy
Add ref_count field to UBI volumes and remove weired "vol->removed" field. This way things are better understandable and we do not have to do whold show_attr operation under spinlock. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: tweak volumes lockingArtem Bityutskiy
Transform vtbl_mutex to volumes_mutex - this just makes code easier to understand. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: improve internal interfacesArtem Bityutskiy
Pass volume description object to the EBA function which makes more sense, and EBA function do not have to find the volume description object by volume ID. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-10-14UBI: do not use vmalloc on I/O pathArtem Bityutskiy
Similar reason as in case of the previous patch: it causes deadlocks if a filesystem with writeback support works on top of UBI. So pre-allocate needed buffers when attaching MTD device. We also need mutexes to protect the buffers, but they do not cause much contantion because they are used in recovery, torture, and WL copy routines, which are called seldom. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-10-14UBI: allocate memory with GFP_NOFSArtem Bityutskiy
Use GFP_NOFS flag when allocating memory on I/O path, because otherwise we may deadlock the filesystem which works on top of us. We observed the deadlocks with UBIFS. Example: VFS->FS lock a lock->UBI->kmalloc()->VFS writeback->FS locks the same lock again. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-18UBI: fix overflow bugVinit Agnihotri
I was experiencing overflows in multiplications for volume->used_bytes in vmt.c & vtbl.c, while creating & resizing large volumes. vol->used_bytes is long long however its 2 operands vol->used_ebs & vol->usable_leb_size are int. So their multiplication for larger values causes integer overflows. Typecasting them solves the problem. My machine & flash details: 64Bit dual-core AMD opteron, 1 GB RAM, linux 2.6.18.3. mtd size = 6GB, volume size= 5GB, peb_size = 4MB. heres patch which does the fix. Signed-off-by: Vinit Agnihotri <vinit.agnihotri@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-18UBI: bugfix in error pathArtem Bityutskiy
When volume creation fails, we have to set ubi->volumes[vol_id] back to NULL. This patch also tweaks some debugging stuff. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-18UBI: kill homegrown endian macrosChristoph Hellwig
Kill UBI's homegrown endianess handling and replace it with the standard kernel endianess handling. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-18UBI: use vmalloc for large buffersArtem Bityutskiy
UBI allocates temporary buffers of PEB size, which may be 256KiB. Use vmalloc instead of kmalloc for such big temporary buffers. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-18UBI: fix error path in create_vtbl()Artem Bityutskiy
There were several bugs in volume table creation error path. Thanks to Satyam Sharma <satyam.sharma@gmail.com> and Florin Malita <fmalita@gmail.com> for finding and analysing them: http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/5/3/274 This patch makes ubi_scan_add_to_list() static and renames it to add_to_list(), just because it is not needed outside scan.c anymore. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-18UBI: fix dereference after kfreeFlorin Malita
Coverity (CID 1614) spotted new_seb being dereferenced after kfree() in create_vtbl's write_error path. Signed-off-by: Florin Malita <fmalita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-04-27UBI: Unsorted Block ImagesArtem B. Bityutskiy
UBI (Latin: "where?") manages multiple logical volumes on a single flash device, specifically supporting NAND flash devices. UBI provides a flexible partitioning concept which still allows for wear-levelling across the whole flash device. In a sense, UBI may be compared to the Logical Volume Manager (LVM). Whereas LVM maps logical sector numbers to physical HDD sector numbers, UBI maps logical eraseblocks to physical eraseblocks. More information may be found at http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html Partitioning/Re-partitioning An UBI volume occupies a certain number of erase blocks. This is limited by a configured maximum volume size, which could also be viewed as the partition size. Each individual UBI volume's size can be changed independently of the other UBI volumes, provided that the sum of all volume sizes doesn't exceed a certain limit. UBI supports dynamic volumes and static volumes. Static volumes are read-only and their contents are protected by CRC check sums. Bad eraseblocks handling UBI transparently handles bad eraseblocks. When a physical eraseblock becomes bad, it is substituted by a good physical eraseblock, and the user does not even notice this. Scrubbing On a NAND flash bit flips can occur on any write operation, sometimes also on read. If bit flips persist on the device, at first they can still be corrected by ECC, but once they accumulate, correction will become impossible. Thus it is best to actively scrub the affected eraseblock, by first copying it to a free eraseblock and then erasing the original. The UBI layer performs this type of scrubbing under the covers, transparently to the UBI volume users. Erase Counts UBI maintains an erase count header per eraseblock. This frees higher-level layers (like file systems) from doing this and allows for centralized erase count management instead. The erase counts are used by the wear-levelling algorithm in the UBI layer. The algorithm itself is exchangeable. Booting from NAND For booting directly from NAND flash the hardware must at least be capable of fetching and executing a small portion of the NAND flash. Some NAND flash controllers have this kind of support. They usually limit the window to a few kilobytes in erase block 0. This "initial program loader" (IPL) must then contain sufficient logic to load and execute the next boot phase. Due to bad eraseblocks, which may be randomly scattered over the flash device, it is problematic to store the "secondary program loader" (SPL) statically. Also, due to bit-flips it may become corrupted over time. UBI allows to solve this problem gracefully by storing the SPL in a small static UBI volume. UBI volumes vs. static partitions UBI volumes are still very similar to static MTD partitions: * both consist of eraseblocks (logical eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes, and physical eraseblocks in case of static partitions; * both support three basic operations - read, write, erase. But UBI volumes have the following advantages over traditional static MTD partitions: * there are no eraseblock wear-leveling constraints in case of UBI volumes, so the user should not care about this; * there are no bit-flips and bad eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes. So, UBI volumes may be considered as flash devices with relaxed restrictions. Where can it be found? Documentation, kernel code and applications can be found in the MTD gits. What are the applications for? The applications help to create binary flash images for two purposes: pfi files (partial flash images) for in-system update of UBI volumes, and plain binary images, with or without OOB data in case of NAND, for a manufacturing step. Furthermore some tools are/and will be created that allow flash content analysis after a system has crashed.. Who did UBI? The original ideas, where UBI is based on, were developed by Andreas Arnez, Frank Haverkamp and Thomas Gleixner. Josh W. Boyer and some others were involved too. The implementation of the kernel layer was done by Artem B. Bityutskiy. The user-space applications and tools were written by Oliver Lohmann with contributions from Frank Haverkamp, Andreas Arnez, and Artem. Joern Engel contributed a patch which modifies JFFS2 so that it can be run on a UBI volume. Thomas Gleixner did modifications to the NAND layer. Alexander Schmidt made some testing work as well as core functionality improvements. Signed-off-by: Artem B. Bityutskiy <dedekind@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>