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path: root/drivers/mtd/ubi/wl.c
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2009-07-05UBI: remove bogus debugging checksArtem Bityutskiy
The 'paranoid_check_empty()' is bogus because, which is easilly seen on NOR flash, which has long erase cycles, and which may easilly end-up with half-erased eraseblocks. In this case the paranoid check fails. I is just wrong to assume that PEBs which do not have EC headers always contain all 0xFF. Such assumption should not be made on the I/O level, which is quite low. Thus, just kill the check. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-07-05UBI: add empty eraseblocks verificationArtem Bityutskiy
This patch adds code which makes sure eraseblocks contain all 0xFF bytes before starting using them. The verification is done only when debugging checks are enabled. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-06-10UBI: fix multiple spelling typosArtem Bityutskiy
Some of the typos were indicated by Adrian Hunter, some by 'aspell'. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-06-10UBI: fix kmem_cache_free on error patchArtem Bityutskiy
'kmem_cache_free()' oopeses if NULL is passed, and there is one error-path place where UBI may call it with NULL object. This problem was pointed to by Adrian Hunter. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-06-09UBI: print amount of reserved PEBsArtem Bityutskiy
When marking a PEB as bad, print how many PEBs are left reserved. This is very useful information. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-06-08UBI: improve messages in the WL workerArtem Bityutskiy
Print not only the PEB number, but also the LEB number and volume id, which is very useful for bug hunting. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-06-02UBI: do not switch to R/O mode on read errorsArtem Bityutskiy
This patch improves UBI errors handling. ATM UBI switches to R/O mode when the WL worker fails to read the source PEB. This means that the upper layers (e.g., UBIFS) has no chances to unmap the erroneous PEB and fix the error. This patch changes this behaviour and makes UBI put PEBs like this into a separate RB-tree, thus preventing the WL worker from hitting the same read errors again and again. But there is a 10% limit on a maximum amount of PEBs like this. If there are too much of them, UBI switches to R/O mode. Additionally, this patch teaches UBI not to panic and switch to R/O mode if after a PEB has been copied, the target LEB cannot be read back. Instead, now UBI cancels the operation and schedules the target PEB for torturing. The error paths has been tested by ingecting errors into 'ubi_eba_copy_leb()'. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-06-02UBI: fix and clean-up error paths in WL workerArtem Bityutskiy
This patch fixes the error path in the WL worker - in same cases UBI oopses when 'goto out_error' happens and e1 or e2 are NULL. This patch also cleans up the error paths a little. And I have tested nearly all error paths in the WL worker. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-06-02UBI: introduce new constantsArtem Bityutskiy
This patch is a clean-up and a preparation for the following patches. It introduece constants for the return values of the 'ubi_eba_copy_leb()' function. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2009-01-06trivial: fix then -> than typos in comments and documentationFrederik Schwarzer
- (better, more, bigger ...) then -> (...) than Signed-off-by: Frederik Schwarzer <schwarzerf@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2008-12-16UBI: simplify PEB protection codeXiaochuan-Xu
UBI has 2 RB-trees to implement PEB protection, which is too much for simply prevent PEB from being moved for some time. This patch implements this using lists. The benefits: 1. No need to allocate protection entry on each PEB get. 2. No need to maintain balanced trees and walk them. Signed-off-by: Xiaochuan-Xu <xiaochuan-xu@cqu.edu.cn> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-12-15UBI: prepare for protection tree improvementsXiaochuan-Xu
This patch modifies @struct ubi_wl_entry and adds union which contains only one element so far. This is just a preparation for further changes which will kill the protection tree and make UBI use a list instead. Signed-off-by: Xiaochuan-Xu <xiaochuan-xu@cqu.edu.cn> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-12-05UBI: handle write errors in WL workerArtem Bityutskiy
When a PEB is moved and a write error happens, UBI switches to R/O mode, which is wrong, because we just copy the data and may select a different PEB and re-try this. This patch fixes WL worker's behavior. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-12-05UBI: fix error pathArtem Bityutskiy
Make sure the resources had not already been freed before freeing them in the error path of the WL worker function. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-12-05UBI: some code re-structuringArtem Bityutskiy
Minor code re-structuring and commentaries fixes to improve readability. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-11-06UBI: Don't exit from ubi_thread until kthread_should_stop() is trueVitaliy Gusev
If ubi_thread() exits but kthread_should_stop() is not true then kthread_stop() will never return and cleanup thread will forever stay in "D" state. Signed-off-by: Vitaliy Gusev <vgusev@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: fix kernel-doc errors and warningsArtem Bityutskiy
No functional changes, just tweak comments to make kernel-doc work fine and stop complaining. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: fix checkpatch.pl errors and warningsArtem Bityutskiy
Just out or curiousity ran checkpatch.pl for whole UBI, and discovered there are quite a few of stylistic issues. Fix them. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: rework scrubbing messagesArtem Bityutskiy
If bit-flips happen often, UBI prints to many messages. Lessen the amount by only printing the messages when the PEB has been scrubbed. Also, print torturing messages. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: amend commentariesArtem Bityutskiy
Hch asked not to use "unit" for sub-systems, let it be so. Also some other commentaries modifications. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-07-24UBI: avoid unnecessary division operationsKyungmin Park
UBI already checks that @min io size is the power of 2 at io_init. It is save to use bit operations then. Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-01-25UBI: fix warningsArtem Bityutskiy
Old gcc complains: CC drivers/mtd/ubi/wl.o drivers/mtd/ubi/wl.c: In function 'wear_leveling_worker': drivers/mtd/ubi/wl.c:746: warning: 'pe' may be used uninitialized in this function CC drivers/mtd/ubi/scan.o drivers/mtd/ubi/scan.c: In function 'ubi_scan': drivers/mtd/ubi/scan.c:772: warning: 'ec' may be used uninitialized in this function drivers/mtd/ubi/scan.c:772: note: 'ec' was declared here Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2008-01-25UBI: add auto-resize featureArtem Bityutskiy
The problem: NAND flashes have different amount of initial bad physical eraseblocks (marked as bad by the manufacturer). For example, for 256MiB Samsung OneNAND flash there might be from 0 to 40 bad initial eraseblocks, which is about 2%. When UBI is used as the base system, one needs to know the exact amount of good physical eraseblocks, because this number is needed to create the UBI image which is put to the devices during production. But this number is not know, which forces us to use the minimum number of good physical eraseblocks. And UBI additionally reserves some percentage of physical eraseblocks for bad block handling (default is 1%), so we have 1-3% of PEBs reserved at the end, depending on the amount of initial bad PEBs. But it is desired to always have 1% (or more, depending on the configuration). Solution: this patch adds an "auto-resize" flag to the volume table. The volume which has the "auto-resize" flag will automatically be re-sized (enlarged) on the first UBI initialization. UBI clears the flag when the volume is re-sized. Only one volume may have the "auto-resize" flag. So, the production UBI image may have one volume with "auto-resize" flag set, and its size is automatically adjusted on the first boot of the device. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: prepare attach and detach functionsArtem Bityutskiy
Prepare the attach and detach functions to by used outside of module initialization: * detach function checks reference count before detaching * it kills the background thread as well Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: add UBI devices reference countingArtem Bityutskiy
This is one more step on the way to "removable" UBI devices. It adds reference counting for UBI devices. Every time a volume on this device is opened - the device's refcount is increased. It is also increased if someone is reading any sysfs file of this UBI device or of one of its volumes. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: fix commentArtem Bityutskiy
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: fix ubi_wl_flushArtem Bityutskiy
The flush function should finish all the pending jobs. But if somebody else is doing a work, this function should wait and let it finish. This patche uses rw semaphore for synchronization purpose - it just looks quite convinient. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: bugfix: protect from volume removalArtem Bityutskiy
When the WL worker is moving an LEB, the volume might go away occasionally. UBI does not handle these situations correctly. This patch introduces a new mutex which serializes wear-levelling worker and the the 'ubi_wl_put_peb()' function. Now, if one puts an LEB, and its PEB is being moved, it will wait on the mutex. And because we unmap all LEBs when removing volumes, this will make the volume remove function to wait while the LEB movement finishes. Below is an example of an oops which should be fixed by this patch: Pid: 9167, comm: io_paral Not tainted (2.6.24-rc5-ubi-2.6.git #2) EIP: 0060:[<f884a379>] EFLAGS: 00010246 CPU: 0 EIP is at prot_tree_del+0x2a/0x63 [ubi] EAX: f39a90e0 EBX: 00000000 ECX: 00000000 EDX: 00000134 ESI: f39a90e0 EDI: f39a90e0 EBP: f2d55ddc ESP: f2d55dd4 DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0033 SS: 0068 Process io_paral (pid: 9167, ti=f2d54000 task=f72a8030 task.ti=f2d54000) Stack: f39a95f8 ef6aae50 f2d55e08 f884a511 f88538e1 f884ecea 00000134 00000000 f39a9604 f39a95f0 efea8280 00000000 f39a90e0 f2d55e40 f8847261 f8850c3c f884eaad 00000001 000000b9 00000134 00000172 000000b9 00000134 00000001 Call Trace: [<c0105227>] show_trace_log_lvl+0x1a/0x30 [<c01052e2>] show_stack_log_lvl+0xa5/0xca [<c01053d6>] show_registers+0xcf/0x21b [<c0105648>] die+0x126/0x224 [<c0119a62>] do_page_fault+0x27f/0x60d [<c037dd62>] error_code+0x72/0x78 [<f884a511>] ubi_wl_put_peb+0xf0/0x191 [ubi] [<f8847261>] ubi_eba_unmap_leb+0xaf/0xcc [ubi] [<f8843c21>] ubi_remove_volume+0x102/0x1e8 [ubi] [<f8846077>] ubi_cdev_ioctl+0x22a/0x383 [ubi] [<c017d768>] do_ioctl+0x68/0x71 [<c017d7c6>] vfs_ioctl+0x55/0x271 [<c017da15>] sys_ioctl+0x33/0x52 [<c0104152>] sysenter_past_esp+0x5f/0xa5 ======================= Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: improve commentArtem Bityutskiy
Explain better the purpose of thie 'move_to_put' stuff. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-12-26UBI: create ubi_wl_entry slab on initializationArtem Bityutskiy
Similarly to ltree_entry_slab, it makes more sense to create and destroy ubi_wl_entry slab on module initialization/exit. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-10-19Use helpers to obtain task pid in printksPavel Emelyanov
The task_struct->pid member is going to be deprecated, so start using the helpers (task_pid_nr/task_pid_vnr/task_pid_nr_ns) in the kernel. The first thing to start with is the pid, printed to dmesg - in this case we may safely use task_pid_nr(). Besides, printks produce more (much more) than a half of all the explicit pid usage. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: git-drm went and changed lots of stuff] Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-14UBI: remove useless inlinesArtem Bityutskiy
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-10-14UBI: do not use vmalloc on I/O pathArtem Bityutskiy
Similar reason as in case of the previous patch: it causes deadlocks if a filesystem with writeback support works on top of UBI. So pre-allocate needed buffers when attaching MTD device. We also need mutexes to protect the buffers, but they do not cause much contantion because they are used in recovery, torture, and WL copy routines, which are called seldom. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-10-14UBI: allocate memory with GFP_NOFSArtem Bityutskiy
Use GFP_NOFS flag when allocating memory on I/O path, because otherwise we may deadlock the filesystem which works on top of us. We observed the deadlocks with UBIFS. Example: VFS->FS lock a lock->UBI->kmalloc()->VFS writeback->FS locks the same lock again. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-10-14UBI: add more printsArtem Bityutskiy
I hit those situations and found out lack of print messages. Add more prints when erase problems occur. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-20mm: Remove slab destructors from kmem_cache_create().Paul Mundt
Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's c59def9f222d44bb7e2f0a559f2906191a0862d7 change. They've been BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them either. This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create() completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves, or the documentation references). Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
2007-07-18UBI: fix error handling in erase workerArtem Bityutskiy
Do not switch to read-only mode in case of -EINTR and some other obvious cases. Switch to RO mode only when we do not know what is the error. Reported-by: Vinit Agnihotri <vinit.agnihotri@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-18UBI: kill homegrown endian macrosChristoph Hellwig
Kill UBI's homegrown endianess handling and replace it with the standard kernel endianess handling. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-07-17Freezer: make kernel threads nonfreezable by defaultRafael J. Wysocki
Currently, the freezer treats all tasks as freezable, except for the kernel threads that explicitly set the PF_NOFREEZE flag for themselves. This approach is problematic, since it requires every kernel thread to either set PF_NOFREEZE explicitly, or call try_to_freeze(), even if it doesn't care for the freezing of tasks at all. It seems better to only require the kernel threads that want to or need to be frozen to use some freezer-related code and to remove any freezer-related code from the other (nonfreezable) kernel threads, which is done in this patch. The patch causes all kernel threads to be nonfreezable by default (ie. to have PF_NOFREEZE set by default) and introduces the set_freezable() function that should be called by the freezable kernel threads in order to unset PF_NOFREEZE. It also makes all of the currently freezable kernel threads call set_freezable(), so it shouldn't cause any (intentional) change of behaviour to appear. Additionally, it updates documentation to describe the freezing of tasks more accurately. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes] Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-04-27UBI: Unsorted Block ImagesArtem B. Bityutskiy
UBI (Latin: "where?") manages multiple logical volumes on a single flash device, specifically supporting NAND flash devices. UBI provides a flexible partitioning concept which still allows for wear-levelling across the whole flash device. In a sense, UBI may be compared to the Logical Volume Manager (LVM). Whereas LVM maps logical sector numbers to physical HDD sector numbers, UBI maps logical eraseblocks to physical eraseblocks. More information may be found at http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html Partitioning/Re-partitioning An UBI volume occupies a certain number of erase blocks. This is limited by a configured maximum volume size, which could also be viewed as the partition size. Each individual UBI volume's size can be changed independently of the other UBI volumes, provided that the sum of all volume sizes doesn't exceed a certain limit. UBI supports dynamic volumes and static volumes. Static volumes are read-only and their contents are protected by CRC check sums. Bad eraseblocks handling UBI transparently handles bad eraseblocks. When a physical eraseblock becomes bad, it is substituted by a good physical eraseblock, and the user does not even notice this. Scrubbing On a NAND flash bit flips can occur on any write operation, sometimes also on read. If bit flips persist on the device, at first they can still be corrected by ECC, but once they accumulate, correction will become impossible. Thus it is best to actively scrub the affected eraseblock, by first copying it to a free eraseblock and then erasing the original. The UBI layer performs this type of scrubbing under the covers, transparently to the UBI volume users. Erase Counts UBI maintains an erase count header per eraseblock. This frees higher-level layers (like file systems) from doing this and allows for centralized erase count management instead. The erase counts are used by the wear-levelling algorithm in the UBI layer. The algorithm itself is exchangeable. Booting from NAND For booting directly from NAND flash the hardware must at least be capable of fetching and executing a small portion of the NAND flash. Some NAND flash controllers have this kind of support. They usually limit the window to a few kilobytes in erase block 0. This "initial program loader" (IPL) must then contain sufficient logic to load and execute the next boot phase. Due to bad eraseblocks, which may be randomly scattered over the flash device, it is problematic to store the "secondary program loader" (SPL) statically. Also, due to bit-flips it may become corrupted over time. UBI allows to solve this problem gracefully by storing the SPL in a small static UBI volume. UBI volumes vs. static partitions UBI volumes are still very similar to static MTD partitions: * both consist of eraseblocks (logical eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes, and physical eraseblocks in case of static partitions; * both support three basic operations - read, write, erase. But UBI volumes have the following advantages over traditional static MTD partitions: * there are no eraseblock wear-leveling constraints in case of UBI volumes, so the user should not care about this; * there are no bit-flips and bad eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes. So, UBI volumes may be considered as flash devices with relaxed restrictions. Where can it be found? Documentation, kernel code and applications can be found in the MTD gits. What are the applications for? The applications help to create binary flash images for two purposes: pfi files (partial flash images) for in-system update of UBI volumes, and plain binary images, with or without OOB data in case of NAND, for a manufacturing step. Furthermore some tools are/and will be created that allow flash content analysis after a system has crashed.. Who did UBI? The original ideas, where UBI is based on, were developed by Andreas Arnez, Frank Haverkamp and Thomas Gleixner. Josh W. Boyer and some others were involved too. The implementation of the kernel layer was done by Artem B. Bityutskiy. The user-space applications and tools were written by Oliver Lohmann with contributions from Frank Haverkamp, Andreas Arnez, and Artem. Joern Engel contributed a patch which modifies JFFS2 so that it can be run on a UBI volume. Thomas Gleixner did modifications to the NAND layer. Alexander Schmidt made some testing work as well as core functionality improvements. Signed-off-by: Artem B. Bityutskiy <dedekind@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>