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2009-09-19V4L/DVB (12540): v4l: simplify v4l2_i2c_new_subdev and friendsHans Verkuil
Rewrite v4l2_i2c_new_subdev as a simplified version of v4l2_i2c_new_subdev_cfg and remove v4l2_i2c_new_probed_subdev and v4l2_i2c_new_probed_subdev_addr. This simplifies this API substantially. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-06-23V4L/DVB (11901): v4l2: Create helper function for bounding and aligning imagesTrent Piepho
Most hardware has limits on minimum and maximum image dimensions and also requirements about alignment. For example, image width must be even or a multiple of four. Some hardware has requirements that the total image size (width * height) be a multiple of some power of two. v4l_bound_align_image() will enforce min and max width and height, power of two alignment on width and height, and power of two alignment on total image size. It uses an efficient algorithm that will try to find the "closest" image size that meets the requirements. Signed-off-by: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-06-23V4L/DVB (12125): v4l2: add new s_config subdev ops and ↵Hans Verkuil
v4l2_i2c_new_subdev_cfg/board calls Add a new s_config core ops call: this is called with the irq and platform data to be used to initialize the subdev. Added new v4l2_i2c_new_subdev_cfg and v4l2_i2c_new_subdev_board calls that allows you to pass these new arguments. The existing v4l2_i2c_new_subdev functions were modified to also call s_config. In the future the existing v4l2_i2c_new_subdev functions will be replaced by a single v4l2_i2c_new_subdev function similar to v4l2_i2c_new_subdev_cfg but without the irq and platform_data arguments. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-04-06V4L/DVB (11381): ivtv/cx18: remove VIDIOC_INT_S_AUDIO_ROUTING debug support.Hans Verkuil
Remove support for the debug call VIDIOC_INT_S_AUDIO_ROUTING from cx18 and ivtv. These internal ioctls shouldn't be exposed. These were only used through the cx18-ctl and ivtv-ctl utilities, and only when testing a new card variant. This cleanup allows the removal of this ioctl from v4l2-common.h. Cc: Andy Walls <awalls@radix.net> Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-04-06V4L/DVB (11373): v4l2-common: add explicit v4l2_device pointer as first arg ↵Hans Verkuil
to new_(probed)_subdev The functions v4l2_i2c_new_subdev and v4l2_i2c_new_probed_subdev relied on i2c_get_adapdata to return the v4l2_device. However, this is not always possible on embedded platforms. So modify the API to pass the v4l2_device pointer explicitly. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-04-06V4L/DVB (11374): v4l2-common: add v4l2_i2c_new_probed_subdev_addrHans Verkuil
Add utility function to probe for a single address, rather than a list of addresses. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-04-06V4L/DVB (11367): v4l2-common: remove legacy codeHans Verkuil
Now that all drivers are converted to v4l2_subdev we can remove legacy code in v4l2-common. Also move the documentation of the internal API to v4l2-subdev.h where it really belongs. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-03-30V4L/DVB (10698): v4l2-common: remove v4l2_ctrl_query_fill_stdHans Verkuil
The v4l2_ctrl_query_fill_std() function wasn't one the best idea I ever had. It doesn't add anything valuable that cannot be expressed equally well with v4l2_ctrl_query_fill and only adds overhead. Replace it with v4l2_ctrl_query_fill() everywhere it is used and remove it from v4l2_common.c. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-03-30V4L/DVB (10691): v4l2-common: add v4l2_i2c_subdev_addr()Hans Verkuil
Add small function to retrieve the i2c address from a v4l2_subdev pointer. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-03-30V4L/DVB (10544): v4l2-common: add comments warning that about the sort orderHans Verkuil
Control arrays as are used with v4l2_ctrl_next must be sorted from low to high. Add a comment at the top of all such arrays to warn about this. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-03-30V4L/DVB (10542): v4l2-subdev: add querystd and g_input_statusHans Verkuil
In order to convert the v4l1 zoran and vino i2c drivers to v4l2 these extra ops are required. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-03-30V4L/DVB (10249): v4l2-common: added v4l2_i2c_tuner_addrs()Hans Verkuil
Add v4l2_i2c_tuner_addrs() to obtain the various I2C tuner addresses. This will be used in several drivers, so make this a common function as we do not want to have these I2C addresses all over the place. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2009-01-02V4L/DVB (10141): v4l2: debugging API changed to match against driver name ↵Hans Verkuil
instead of ID. Since the i2c driver ID will be removed in the near future we have to modify the v4l2 debugging API to use the driver name instead of driver ID. Note that this API is not used in applications other than v4l2-dbg.cpp as it is for debugging and testing only. Should anyone use the old VIDIOC_G_CHIP_IDENT, then this will be logged with a warning that it is deprecated and will be removed in 2.6.30. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-12-30V4L/DVB (9821): v4l2-common: add i2c helper functionsHans Verkuil
Add helper functions to load i2c sub-devices, integrating them into the v4l2-framework. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8940): saa7115: fix saa7111(a) supportHans Verkuil
The saa7111 support in saa7115.c was missing some features and did not properly take some of the differences into account. With this patch saa7115 can be used in the mxb driver instead of saa7111.c. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8637): v4l2: add v4l2_ctrl_query_menu_valid_items support functionHans Verkuil
v4l2_ctrl_query_menu_valid_items() makes it easy to handle control menus that have a lot of invalid 'holes'. For example, many MPEG encoders only support a limited subset of audio bitrates. In that case a driver can specify an array listing the set of valid bitrates and pass that to this function. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8636): v4l2: add v4l2_ctrl_get_name control support function.Hans Verkuil
Add function that returns the control name. Allows this to be used in places where the normal v4l2_ctrl_query_fill() function cannot be used (e.g. uvc). Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-07-23V4L/DVB (8434): Fix x86_64 compilation and move some macros to v4l2-ioctl.hMauro Carvalho Chehab
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-07-23V4L/DVB (8430): videodev: move some functions from v4l2-dev.h to ↵Hans Verkuil
v4l2-common.h or v4l2-ioctl.h The functions in a header should not belong to another module. The prio functions belong to v4l2-common.c, so move them to v4l2-common.h. The ioctl functions belong to v4l2-ioctl.c, so create a new v4l2-ioctl.h header and move those functions to it. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-04-29i2c: Add support for device alias namesJean Delvare
Based on earlier work by Jon Smirl and Jochen Friedrich. This patch allows new-style i2c chip drivers to have alias names using the official kernel aliasing system and MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(). At this point, the old i2c driver binding scheme (driver_name/type) is still supported. Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> Cc: Jochen Friedrich <jochen@scram.de> Cc: Jon Smirl <jonsmirl@gmail.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
2008-02-18V4L/DVB (7133): Fix Kconfig dependenciesMauro Carvalho Chehab
As pointed by Adrian Bunk, with I2C=m and VIDEO_DEV=y, videodev brokes. This patch moves the functions that videodev needs from v4l2-common. It also fixes some Kconfig changes. After this patch, I2C=m / VIDEO_DEV=y will make v4l2 core statically linked into kernel. v4l2-common will be m, and all V4L drivers will also be m. This approach is very conservative, since it is possible to have V4L drivers that don't need I2C or v4l2-common. The better is to map what drivers really need v4l2-common, making them to select v4l2-common, and allowing the others to be 'y', 'm' and 'n'. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-01-25V4L/DVB (6451): v4l2: add support for bus-based I2C driversHans Verkuil
Two new headers were added: one for I2C drivers that are only used by V4L2 drivers converted to the new bus-based I2C API, and one that can be used by both converted and unconverted drivers (at the expense of some additional overhead). To support the legacy I2C API a helper function was added to v4l2-common.c. These headers take care of all the 'boilerplate' code that all V4L2 I2C drivers have in common and will automatically support the bus-based I2C API introduced in kernel 2.6.22. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-01-25V4L/DVB (6384): Replace TDA9887_SET_CONFIG by TUNER_SET_CONFIGMauro Carvalho Chehab
Currently, the only tuner-specific device that allows special configurations is tda9887. However, tea5767 also may require some special configurations (for example, to specify a different Xtal freq). This patch replaces TDA9887_SET_CONFIG by a more generic internal ioctl (TUNER_SET_CONFIG). The newer one allows specifying what tuner is appliable to a configuration set, and allows an arbitrary configuration struct. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-04-27V4L/DVB (5306): Add support for VIDIOC_G_CHIP_IDENTHans Verkuil
VIDIOC_G_CHIP_IDENT improves debugging of card problems: it can be used to detect which chips are on the board and based on that information selected register dumps can be made, making it easy to debug complicated media chips containing tens or hundreds of registers. This ioctl replaces the internal VIDIOC_INT_G_CHIP_IDENT ioctl. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-04-27V4L/DVB (5290): Add support for VIDIOC_INT_G/S_STD_OUTPUTHans Verkuil
Added VIDIOC_INT_G_STD_OUTPUT and VIDIOC_INT_S_STD_OUTPUT to allow drivers to set the TV standard for video output separately from the video capture. This is needed for cx23415 support where the decoder is separate from the encoder and can have a different TV standard. Modified the saa7127 module to listen to VIDIOC_INT_G/S_STD_OUTPUT instead of VIDIOC_G/S_STD. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-03-01V4L/DVB (5304): Improve chip matching in v4l2_registerHans Verkuil
The chip matching in struct v4l2_register for VIDIOC_DBG_G/S_REGISTER was rather primitive. It could not be extended to other busses besides i2c and it lacked a way to. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-02-21V4L/DVB (5200): V4l_printk_ioctl_arg() is no longer used.Adrian Bunk
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-02-21V4L/DVB (5146): Make VIDIOC_INT_[SG]_REGISTER ioctls no longer internal onlyTrent Piepho
The direct register access ioctls were defined as kernel internal only, but they are very useful for debugging hardware from userspace and are used as such. Officially export them. VIDIOC_INT_[SG]_REGISTER is renamed to VIDIOC_DBG_[SG]_REGISTER Definition of ioctl and struct v4l2_register is moved from v4l2-common.h to videodev2.h. Types used in struct v4l2_register are changed to the userspace exportable versions (u32 -> __u32, etc). Use of VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN permission, so move the check into the video_ioctl2() dispatcher so it doesn't need to be duplicated in each driver's call-back function. CAP_SYS_ADMIN check is added to pvrusb2 (which doesn't use video_ioctl2). Signed-off-by: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-12-10V4L/DVB (4798): OmniVision OV7670 driverJonathan Corbet
This patch adds a V4L2 driver for the OmniVision OV7670 camera. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-12-10V4L/DVB (4796): A couple of V4L2 defines needed by Cafe Camara driverJonathan Corbet
Two defines for V4L2, needed by the Cafe camera driver: 1) Add the RGB444 image format 2) Add the "init" internal command which is separate from "reset". Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-09-26V4L/DVB (4582): VIDIOC_INT_S_REGISTER is IOW, not IOR.Hans Verkuil
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-09-26V4L/DVB (4553): Add support for saa7111 and partial support for saa7118Mauro Carvalho Chehab
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-09-26V4L/DVB (4546): Add u32 argument to VIDIOC_INT_RESET.Hans Verkuil
The extra argument makes it possible to reset subsystems of a chip if that is supported. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-25V4L/DVB (4190): Add helper functions for control processing to v4l2-common.Hans Verkuil
Control processing is often duplicated in the various drivers. Unfortunately, simple things like the names of controls are often different between drivers, even though it is the same controls. Adding in the new extended controls and the need for having control helper functions became apparent. Several functions have now been added to v4l2-common to do things like filling the v4l2_queryctrl and v4l2_querymenu structs, to check for valid control input and to move to the next control when enumerating over all controls. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-25V4L/DVB (4065): Several improvements at videodev.cMauro Carvalho Chehab
Videodev now is capable of better handling V4L2 api, by processing V4L2 ioctls and using callbacks to the driver. The drivers should be migrated to the newer way and the older one will be obsoleted soon. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-25V4L/DVB (4005): Add support for the cx25836/7 video decoder.Hans Verkuil
Signed-off-by: Scott Alfter <salfter@ssai.us> Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-25V4L/DVB (3711): Add support for VIDIOC_INT_S_CRYSTAL_FREQ internal command.Hans Verkuil
Some saa7115-based cards use a different crystal frequency and a different audio clock generation. Add a new VIDIOC_INT_S_CRYSTAL_FREQ command to be able to set these values. Also change the default APLL setting to 0. It makes no sense to have the audio clock independent from the video clock, this can lead to audio/video synchronization problems. Setting this to 0 is also consistent with the old saa7114.c source and the way the Hauppauge Windows driver sets it. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-03-24V4L/DVB (3582): Implement correct msp3400 input/output routingHans Verkuil
- implement VIDIOC_INT_S_AUDIO_ROUTING for msp3400 and tvaudio - use the new command in bttv, pvrusb2 and em28xx. - remove the now obsolete MSP_SET_MATRIX from msp3400 (yeah!) - remove the obsolete VIDIOC_S_AUDIO from msp3400. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-03-24V4L/DVB (3577): Cleanup audio input handlingHans Verkuil
Cleanup audio input handling in bttv and tvaudio: - inputs were specified that were never used - mute was handled as a special input which led to confusing code - confusing naming made it difficult to see if the setting was for i2c or gpio. The old audiochip.h input names moved to tvaudio.h. Currently this is used both by tvaudio and msp3400 until the msp3400 implements the new msp3400-specific inputs. Detect in bttv the tvaudio and msp3400 i2c clients and use these client pointers to set the inputs directly instead of broadcasting the command. Removed AUDC_SET_INPUT. Now replaced by VIDIOC_S_AUDIO. This will be replaced again later by the new ROUTING commands. Removed VIDIOC_G_AUDIO implementations in i2c drivers: this command is a user level command and not to be used internally. It wasn't called at all anyway. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-03-21V4L/DVB (3513): Remove saa711x driverMauro Carvalho Chehab
Now, em28xx uses saa7115 instead of saa711x. saa7115 driver is capable of handling saa 7113, 7114 and 7115. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-02-27V4L/DVB (3371): Add debug to ioctl arguments.Mauro Carvalho Chehab
Added a new function that allows printing ioctl arguments. This makes easier to include debug code under v4l ioctl handling. Also fixed some declarations on internal ioctl. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-01-23V4L/DVB (3430): Add new internal VIDIOC_INT commandsHans Verkuil
- Add new internal VIDIOC_INT commands for setting the tuner mode, for putting a chip into standby mode and to set/get the routing of inputs/outputs of audio or video of a chip. These new commands will replace older commands that are no longer up to the task. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-01-23V4L/DVB (3420): Added iocls to configure VBI on tvp5150Mauro Carvalho Chehab
- Added iocls to configure VBI on tvp5150 Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-01-15V4L/DVB (3384): Separate tv & radio freqs, fix cb/freq transmit order for ↵Hans Verkuil
tuners that need this. - Moved MSP_SET_MATRIX to v4l2-common.h - Fix typos and integer overflows in tea5767.c - Split old freq field into a tv_freq and a radio_freq. Prevents that a radio tuner is initialized with a tv frequency or vice versa. - When switching to radio mode initialize the tuner with the last used radio frequency (this was already done for the TV mode). As a result of these changes the tuner module now remembers the last set radio and TV frequencies, which is what you would expect to happen. - Move out of range frequencies to the closest valid frequency as per v4l2 API spec. - Fix incorrect initial radio frequency (multiplier is 16000, not 16) - Add boundary check for out of range frequencies. - Use new flag to check if the order of the CB and freq. depends on the last set frequency. That is needed for some tuners or you can get static as a result. The flag is added for those tuners where I know that the datasheet indicates that this is necessary. - For this new check use the last set div value, not the last frequency as radio frequencies are always much higher due to the 16000 multiplier. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-01-11V4L/DVB (3345): Fixes some bad global variablesMauro Carvalho Chehab
- Debug global var is already used inside kernel. - v4l_dbg now expects the debug var - global vars inside msp34xx renamed to msp_* Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@brturbo.com.br> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-01-09V4L/DVB (3307): Some cleanups at I2C modulesMauro Carvalho Chehab
- i2c names shorten - removed obsoleted flags on newer modules - small cleanups Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>
2006-01-09V4L/DVB (3278): convert diagnostics over to the new v4l2-common.h macros.Hans Verkuil
- Convert diagnostics over to the new v4l2-common.h macros. - deprecated tuner_debug option, the new option is debug. - renamed cx25840_debug to debug. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>
2006-01-09V4L/DVB (3276): Added new diagnositics macros, convert msp3400 to the new ↵Hans Verkuil
macros. - Added new v4l_err, v4l_warn, v4l_info and v4l_dbg macros to v4l2-common.h for use in v4l-dvb i2c drivers. This ensures a unique prefix for each device instance. - At a later stage these macros may be reimplemented using the device-generic macros from device.h. - Converted the msp3400 driver to the new macros. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>
2006-01-09V4L/DVB (3269): ioctls cleanups.Michael Krufky
- Now, all internal ioctls are at v4l2-common.h - removed unused ioctl at saa6752hs.h - all debug ioctl code moved to v4l2-common.c - removed duplicated stuff from other cards Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@m1k.net> Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>
2006-01-09V4L/DVB (3214): Calculate the saa7115 AMCLK regs instead of using fixed valuesHans Verkuil
- Calculate the audio master clock registers from the actual frequencies. This simplifies the code and it also prepares for adding CGC2 support. - VIDIOC_INT_AUDIO_CLOCK_FREQ now receives an u32 instead of an enum. It is more generic and actually easier to implement. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>