| Age | Commit message (Collapse) | Author |
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When checking for the swap header try byteswapping the endianess dependent
fields to allow the swap partition to be shared between big & little endian
systems.
Signed-off-by: Chris Dearman <chris@mips.com>
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The MPOL_BIND policy creates a zonelist that is used for allocations
controlled by that mempolicy. As the per-node zonelist is already being
filtered based on a zone id, this patch adds a version of __alloc_pages() that
takes a nodemask for further filtering. This eliminates the need for
MPOL_BIND to create a custom zonelist.
A positive benefit of this is that allocations using MPOL_BIND now use the
local node's distance-ordered zonelist instead of a custom node-id-ordered
zonelist. I.e., pages will be allocated from the closest allowed node with
available memory.
[Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com: Mempolicy: update stale documentation and comments]
[Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com: Mempolicy: make dequeue_huge_page_vma() obey MPOL_BIND nodemask]
[Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com: Mempolicy: make dequeue_huge_page_vma() obey MPOL_BIND nodemask rework]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Filtering zonelists requires very frequent use of zone_idx(). This is costly
as it involves a lookup of another structure and a substraction operation. As
the zone_idx is often required, it should be quickly accessible. The node idx
could also be stored here if it was found that accessing zone->node is
significant which may be the case on workloads where nodemasks are heavily
used.
This patch introduces a struct zoneref to store a zone pointer and a zone
index. The zonelist then consists of an array of these struct zonerefs which
are looked up as necessary. Helpers are given for accessing the zone index as
well as the node index.
[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: Suggested struct zoneref instead of embedding information in pointers]
[hugh@veritas.com: mm-have-zonelist: fix memcg ooms]
[hugh@veritas.com: just return do_try_to_free_pages]
[hugh@veritas.com: do_try_to_free_pages gfp_mask redundant]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently a node has two sets of zonelists, one for each zone type in the
system and a second set for GFP_THISNODE allocations. Based on the zones
allowed by a gfp mask, one of these zonelists is selected. All of these
zonelists consume memory and occupy cache lines.
This patch replaces the multiple zonelists per-node with two zonelists. The
first contains all populated zones in the system, ordered by distance, for
fallback allocations when the target/preferred node has no free pages. The
second contains all populated zones in the node suitable for GFP_THISNODE
allocations.
An iterator macro is introduced called for_each_zone_zonelist() that interates
through each zone allowed by the GFP flags in the selected zonelist.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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On NUMA, zone_statistics() is used to record events like numa hit, miss and
foreign. It assumes that the first zone in a zonelist is the preferred zone.
When multiple zonelists are replaced by one that is filtered, this is no
longer the case.
This patch records what the preferred zone is rather than assuming the first
zone in the zonelist is it. This simplifies the reading of later patches in
this set.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Introduce a node_zonelist() helper function. It is used to lookup the
appropriate zonelist given a node and a GFP mask. The patch on its own is a
cleanup but it helps clarify parts of the two-zonelist-per-node patchset. If
necessary, it can be merged with the next patch in this set without problems.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The following patches replace multiple zonelists per node with two zonelists
that are filtered based on the GFP flags. The patches as a set fix a bug with
regard to the use of MPOL_BIND and ZONE_MOVABLE. With this patchset, the
MPOL_BIND will apply to the two highest zones when the highest zone is
ZONE_MOVABLE. This should be considered as an alternative fix for the
MPOL_BIND+ZONE_MOVABLE in 2.6.23 to the previously discussed hack that filters
only custom zonelists.
The first patch cleans up an inconsistency where direct reclaim uses
zonelist->zones where other places use zonelist.
The second patch introduces a helper function node_zonelist() for looking up
the appropriate zonelist for a GFP mask which simplifies patches later in the
set.
The third patch defines/remembers the "preferred zone" for numa statistics, as
it is no longer always the first zone in a zonelist.
The forth patch replaces multiple zonelists with two zonelists that are
filtered. The two zonelists are due to the fact that the memoryless patchset
introduces a second set of zonelists for __GFP_THISNODE.
The fifth patch introduces helper macros for retrieving the zone and node
indices of entries in a zonelist.
The final patch introduces filtering of the zonelists based on a nodemask.
Two zonelists exist per node, one for normal allocations and one for
__GFP_THISNODE.
Performance results varied depending on the machine configuration. In real
workloads the gain/loss will depend on how much the userspace portion of the
benchmark benefits from having more cache available due to reduced referencing
of zonelists.
These are the range of performance losses/gains when running against
2.6.24-rc4-mm1. The set and these machines are a mix of i386, x86_64 and
ppc64 both NUMA and non-NUMA.
loss to gain
Total CPU time on Kernbench: -0.86% to 1.13%
Elapsed time on Kernbench: -0.79% to 0.76%
page_test from aim9: -4.37% to 0.79%
brk_test from aim9: -0.71% to 4.07%
fork_test from aim9: -1.84% to 4.60%
exec_test from aim9: -0.71% to 1.08%
This patch:
The allocator deals with zonelists which indicate the order in which zones
should be targeted for an allocation. Similarly, direct reclaim of pages
iterates over an array of zones. For consistency, this patch converts direct
reclaim to use a zonelist. No functionality is changed by this patch. This
simplifies zonelist iterators in the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Nothing in the tree uses nopage any more. Remove support for it in the
core mm code and documentation (and a few stray references to it in
comments).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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It is not easy to actually understand the "if (!file || !vma_merge())"
code, turn it into "if (file && vma_merge())". This makes immediately
obvious that the subsequent "if (file)" is superfluous.
As Hugh Dickins pointed out, we can also factor out the ->i_writecount
corrections, and add a small comment about that.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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DIO invalidates page cache through invalidate_inode_pages2_range().
invalidate_inode_pages2_range() sets ret=-EIO when
invalidate_complete_page2() fails, but this ret is cleared if
do_launder_page() succeed on a page of next index.
In this case, dio is carried out even if invalidate_complete_page2() fails
on some pages.
This can cause inconsistency between memory and blocks on HDD because the
page cache still exists.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Hisashi Hifumi <hifumi.hisashi@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com>
Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Chuck Lever <cel@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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All architectures use an effectively identical definition of online_page(), so
just make it common code. x86-64, ia64, powerpc and sh are actually
identical; x86-32 is slightly different.
x86-32's differences arise because it puts its hotplug pages in the highmem
zone. We can handle this in the generic code by inspecting the page to see if
its in highmem, and update the totalhigh_pages count appropriately. This
leaves init_32.c:free_new_highpage with a single caller, so I folded it into
add_one_highpage_init.
I also removed an incorrect comment referring to the NUMA case; any NUMA
details have already been dealt with by the time online_page() is called.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix indenting]
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamez.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamez.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Generic helper function to remove section mappings and sysfs entries for the
section of the memory we are removing. offline_pages() correctly adjusted
zone and marked the pages reserved.
TODO: Yasunori Goto is working on patches to free up allocations from bootmem.
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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After the loop in walk_pte_range() pte might point to the first address after
the pmd it walks. The pte_unmap() is then applied to something bad.
Spotted by Roel Kluin and Andreas Schwab.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
Cc: Roel Kluin <12o3l@tiscali.nl>
Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Acked-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@it.uu.se>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Since we now have more orders available use a denser packing.
Increase slab order if more than 1/16th of a slab would be wasted.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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The mininum objects per slab is calculated based on the number of processors
that may come online.
Processors min_objects
---------------------------
1 8
2 12
4 16
8 20
16 24
32 28
64 32
1024 48
4096 56
The higher the number of processors the large the order sizes used for various
slab caches will become. This has been shown to address the performance issues
in hackbench on 16p etc.
The calculation is only performed if slub_min_objects is zero (default). If one
specifies a slub_min_objects on boot then that setting is taken.
As suggested by Zhang Yanmin's performance tests on 16-core Tigerton, use the
formula '4 * (fls(nr_cpu_ids) + 1)':
./hackbench 100 process 2000:
1) 2.6.25-rc6slab: 23.5 seconds
2) 2.6.25-rc7SLUB+slub_min_objects=20: 31 seconds
3) 2.6.25-rc7SLUB+slub_min_objects=24: 23.5 seconds
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanmin <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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We can now fallback to order 0 slabs. So set the slub_max_order to
PAGE_CACHE_ORDER_COSTLY but keep the slub_min_objects at 4. This
will mostly preserve the orders used in 2.6.25. F.e. The 2k kmalloc slab
will use order 1 allocs and the 4k kmalloc slab order 2.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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Since we now have total_objects counter per node use that to
check for the presence of any objects. The loop over all cpu slabs
is not that useful since any cpu slab would require an object allocation
first. So drop that.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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Makes /sys/kernel/slab/<slabname>/order writable. The allocation
order of a slab cache can then be changed dynamically during runtime.
This can be used to override the objects per slabs value establisheed
with the slub_min_objects setting that was manually specified or
calculated on bootup.
The changes of the slab order can occur while allocate_slab() runs.
Allocate slab needs the order and the number of slab objects that
are both changed by the change of order. Both are put into
a single word (struct kmem_cache_order_objects). They can then
be atomically updated and retrieved.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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There is now a generic method of falling back to a slab page of minimal
order. No need anymore for the fallback to kmalloc_large().
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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If any higher order allocation fails then fall back the smallest order
necessary to contain at least one object. This enables fallback for all
allocations to order 0 pages. The fallback will waste more memory (objects
will not fit neatly) and the fallback slabs will be not as efficient as larger
slabs since they contain less objects.
Note that SLAB also depends on order 1 allocations for some slabs that waste
too much memory if forced into PAGE_SIZE'd page. SLUB now can now deal with
failing order 1 allocs which SLAB cannot do.
Add a new field min that will contain the objects for the smallest possible order
for a slab cache.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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Change the statistics to consider that slabs of the same slabcache
can have different number of objects in them since they may be of
different order.
Provide a new sysfs field
total_objects
which shows the total objects that the allocated slabs of a slabcache
could hold.
Add a max field that holds the largest slab order that was ever used
for a slab cache.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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Pack the order and the number of objects into a single word.
This saves some memory in the kmem_cache_structure and more importantly
allows us to fetch both values atomically.
Later the slab orders become runtime configurable and we need to fetch these
two items together in order to properly allocate a slab and initialize its
objects.
Fix the race by fetching the order and the number of objects in one word.
[penberg@cs.helsinki.fi: fix memset() page order in new_slab()]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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Pass the number of objects to the for_each_object macro. Most of these are
debug related.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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Split the inuse field up to be able to store the number of objects in this
page in the page struct as well. Necessary if we want to have pages of
various orders for a slab. Also avoids touching struct kmem_cache cachelines in
__slab_alloc().
Update diagnostic code to check the number of objects and make sure that
the number of objects always stays within the bounds of a 16 bit unsigned
integer.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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Dump a list of unfreed objects if a slab cache is closed but
objects still remain.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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free_list looked a bit screwy so here is an attempt to clean it up.
free_list is is only used for freeing partial lists. We do not need to return a
parameter if we decrement nr_partial within the function which allows a
simplification of the whole thing.
The current version modifies nr_partial outside of the list_lock which is
technically not correct. It was only ok because we should be the only user of
this slab cache at this point.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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As pointed out by Ingo, the SLUB warning of calling kmem_cache_destroy()
with cache that still has objects triggers in practice. So turn this
WARN_ON() into a nice SLUB specific error message to avoid people
confusing it to a SLUB bug.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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alignment.
This may trigger misaligned memory access exception.
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Yi Li <yi.li@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Bryan Wu <cooloney@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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This patch changes the s390 memory management defintions to use the pgste field
for dirty and reference bit tracking of host and guest code. Usually on s390,
dirty and referenced are tracked in storage keys, which belong to the physical
page. This changes with virtualization: The guest and host dirty/reference bits
are defined to be the logical OR of the values for the mapping and the physical
page. This patch implements the necessary changes in pgtable.h for s390.
There is a common code change in mm/rmap.c, the call to
page_test_and_clear_young must be moved. This is a no-op for all
architecture but s390. page_referenced checks the referenced bits for
the physiscal page and for all mappings:
o The physical page is checked with page_test_and_clear_young.
o The mappings are checked with ptep_test_and_clear_young and friends.
Without pgstes (the current implementation on Linux s390) the physical page
check is implemented but the mapping callbacks are no-ops because dirty
and referenced are not tracked in the s390 page tables. The pgstes introduces
guest and host dirty and reference bits for s390 in the host mapping. These
mapping must be checked before page_test_and_clear_young resets the reference
bit.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
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On big systems with lots of memory, don't print out too much during
bootup, and make it easy to find if it is continuous.
on 256G 8 sockets system will get
[ffffe20000000000-ffffe20002bfffff] PMD -> [ffff810001400000-ffff810003ffffff] on node 0
[ffffe2001c700000-ffffe2001c7fffff] potential offnode page_structs
[ffffe20002c00000-ffffe2001c7fffff] PMD -> [ffff81000c000000-ffff8100255fffff] on node 0
[ffffe20038700000-ffffe200387fffff] potential offnode page_structs
[ffffe2001c800000-ffffe200387fffff] PMD -> [ffff810820200000-ffff81083c1fffff] on node 1
[ffffe20040000000-ffffe2007fffffff] PUD ->ffff811027a00000 on node 2
[ffffe20038800000-ffffe2003fffffff] PMD -> [ffff811020200000-ffff8110279fffff] on node 2
[ffffe20054700000-ffffe200547fffff] potential offnode page_structs
[ffffe20040000000-ffffe200547fffff] PMD -> [ffff811027c00000-ffff81103c3fffff] on node 2
[ffffe20070700000-ffffe200707fffff] potential offnode page_structs
[ffffe20054800000-ffffe200707fffff] PMD -> [ffff811820200000-ffff81183c1fffff] on node 3
[ffffe20080000000-ffffe200bfffffff] PUD ->ffff81202fa00000 on node 4
[ffffe20070800000-ffffe2007fffffff] PMD -> [ffff812020200000-ffff81202f9fffff] on node 4
[ffffe2008c700000-ffffe2008c7fffff] potential offnode page_structs
[ffffe20080000000-ffffe2008c7fffff] PMD -> [ffff81202fc00000-ffff81203c3fffff] on node 4
[ffffe200a8700000-ffffe200a87fffff] potential offnode page_structs
[ffffe2008c800000-ffffe200a87fffff] PMD -> [ffff812820200000-ffff81283c1fffff] on node 5
[ffffe200c0000000-ffffe200ffffffff] PUD ->ffff813037a00000 on node 6
[ffffe200a8800000-ffffe200bfffffff] PMD -> [ffff813020200000-ffff8130379fffff] on node 6
[ffffe200c4700000-ffffe200c47fffff] potential offnode page_structs
[ffffe200c0000000-ffffe200c47fffff] PMD -> [ffff813037c00000-ffff81303c3fffff] on node 6
[ffffe200c4800000-ffffe200e07fffff] PMD -> [ffff813820200000-ffff81383c1fffff] on node 7
instead of a very long print out...
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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split reserve_bootmem_core() into two functions, one which checks
conflicts, and one which sets the bits.
and make reserve_bootmem to loop bdata_list to cross the nodes.
user could be crashkernel and ramdisk..., in case the range provided
by those externalities crosses the nodes.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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need offset alignment when node_boot_start's alignment is less than
the alignment required.
use local node_boot_start to match alignment - so don't add extra operation
in search loop.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Make the nodes other than node 0 use bdata->last_success for fast
search too.
We need to use __alloc_bootmem_core() for vmemmap allocation for other
nodes when numa and sparsemem/vmemmap are enabled.
Also, make fail_block path increase i with incr only after ALIGN
to avoid extra increase when size is larger than align.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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vmemmap allocation currently has this layout:
[ffffe20000000000-ffffe200001fffff] PMD ->ffff810001400000 on node 0
[ffffe20000200000-ffffe200003fffff] PMD ->ffff810001800000 on node 0
[ffffe20000400000-ffffe200005fffff] PMD ->ffff810001c00000 on node 0
[ffffe20000600000-ffffe200007fffff] PMD ->ffff810002000000 on node 0
[ffffe20000800000-ffffe200009fffff] PMD ->ffff810002400000 on node 0
...
note that there is a 2M hole between them - not optimal.
the root cause is that usemap (24 bytes) will be allocated after every 2M
mem_map, and it will push next vmemmap (2M) to the next (2M) alignment.
solution: try to allocate the mem_map continously.
after the patch, we get:
[ffffe20000000000-ffffe200001fffff] PMD ->ffff810001400000 on node 0
[ffffe20000200000-ffffe200003fffff] PMD ->ffff810001600000 on node 0
[ffffe20000400000-ffffe200005fffff] PMD ->ffff810001800000 on node 0
[ffffe20000600000-ffffe200007fffff] PMD ->ffff810001a00000 on node 0
[ffffe20000800000-ffffe200009fffff] PMD ->ffff810001c00000 on node 0
...
which is the ideal layout.
and usemap will share a page because of they are allocated continuously too:
sparse_early_usemap_alloc: usemap = ffff810024e00000 size = 24
sparse_early_usemap_alloc: usemap = ffff810024e00080 size = 24
sparse_early_usemap_alloc: usemap = ffff810024e00100 size = 24
sparse_early_usemap_alloc: usemap = ffff810024e00180 size = 24
...
so we make the bootmem allocation more compact and use less memory
for usemap => mission accomplished ;-)
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/juhl/trivial
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/juhl/trivial: (24 commits)
DOC: A couple corrections and clarifications in USB doc.
Generate a slightly more informative error msg for bad HZ
fix typo "is" -> "if" in Makefile
ext*: spelling fix prefered -> preferred
DOCUMENTATION: Use newer DEFINE_SPINLOCK macro in docs.
KEYS: Fix the comment to match the file name in rxrpc-type.h.
RAID: remove trailing space from printk line
DMA engine: typo fixes
Remove unused MAX_NODES_SHIFT
MAINTAINERS: Clarify access to OCFS2 development mailing list.
V4L: Storage class should be before const qualifier (sn9c102)
V4L: Storage class should be before const qualifier
sonypi: Storage class should be before const qualifier
intel_menlow: Storage class should be before const qualifier
DVB: Storage class should be before const qualifier
arm: Storage class should be before const qualifier
ALSA: Storage class should be before const qualifier
acpi: Storage class should be before const qualifier
firmware_sample_driver.c: fix coding style
MAINTAINERS: Add ati_remote2 driver
...
Fixed up trivial conflicts in firmware_sample_driver.c
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-2.6: (36 commits)
SCSI: convert struct class_device to struct device
DRM: remove unused dev_class
IB: rename "dev" to "srp_dev" in srp_host structure
IB: convert struct class_device to struct device
memstick: convert struct class_device to struct device
driver core: replace remaining __FUNCTION__ occurrences
sysfs: refill attribute buffer when reading from offset 0
PM: Remove destroy_suspended_device()
Firmware: add iSCSI iBFT Support
PM: Remove legacy PM (fix)
Kobject: Replace list_for_each() with list_for_each_entry().
SYSFS: Explicitly include required header file slab.h.
Driver core: make device_is_registered() work for class devices
PM: Convert wakeup flag accessors to inline functions
PM: Make wakeup flags available whenever CONFIG_PM is set
PM: Fix misuse of wakeup flag accessors in serial core
Driver core: Call device_pm_add() after bus_add_device() in device_add()
PM: Handle device registrations during suspend/resume
block: send disk "change" event for rescan_partitions()
sysdev: detect multiple driver registrations
...
Fixed trivial conflict in include/linux/memory.h due to semaphore header
file change (made irrelevant by the change to mutex).
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These are small cleanups all over the tree.
Trivial style and comment changes to
fs/select.c, kernel/signal.c, kernel/stop_machine.c & mm/pdflush.c
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Daniel Walker <dwalker@mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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* Use new node_to_cpumask_ptr. This creates a pointer to the
cpumask for a given node. This definition is in mm patch:
asm-generic-add-node_to_cpumask_ptr-macro.patch
* Use new set_cpus_allowed_ptr function.
Depends on:
[mm-patch]: asm-generic-add-node_to_cpumask_ptr-macro.patch
[sched-devel]: sched: add new set_cpus_allowed_ptr function
[x86/latest]: x86: add cpus_scnprintf function
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Greg Banks <gnb@melbourne.sgi.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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* Modify cpuset_cpus_allowed to return the currently allowed cpuset
via a pointer argument instead of as the function return value.
* Use new set_cpus_allowed_ptr function.
* Cleanup CPU_MASK_ALL and NODE_MASK_ALL uses.
Depends on:
[sched-devel]: sched: add new set_cpus_allowed_ptr function
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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* Replace usages of CPU_MASK_NONE, CPU_MASK_ALL, NODE_MASK_NONE,
NODE_MASK_ALL to reduce stack requirements for large NR_CPUS
and MAXNODES counts.
* In some cases, the cpumask variable was initialized but then overwritten
with another value. This is the case for changes like this:
- cpumask_t oldmask = CPU_MASK_ALL;
+ cpumask_t oldmask;
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mingo/linux-2.6-kgdb:
kgdb: always use icache flush for sw breakpoints
kgdb: fix SMP NMI kgdb_handle_exception exit race
kgdb: documentation fixes
kgdb: allow static kgdbts boot configuration
kgdb: add documentation
kgdb: Kconfig fix
kgdb: add kgdb internal test suite
kgdb: fix several kgdb regressions
kgdb: kgdboc pl011 I/O module
kgdb: fix optional arch functions and probe_kernel_*
kgdb: add x86 HW breakpoints
kgdb: print breakpoint removed on exception
kgdb: clocksource watchdog
kgdb: fix NMI hangs
kgdb: fix kgdboc dynamic module configuration
kgdb: document parameters
x86: kgdb support
consoles: polling support, kgdboc
kgdb: core
uaccess: add probe_kernel_write()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6:
slub: No need for per node slab counters if !SLUB_DEBUG
slub: Move map/flag clearing to __free_slab
slub: Fixes to per cpu stat output in sysfs
slub: Deal with config variable dependencies
slub: Reduce #ifdef ZONE_DMA by moving kmalloc_caches_dma near dma logic
slub: Initialize per-cpu stats
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Fix two regressions dealing with the kgdb core.
1) kgdb_skipexception and kgdb_post_primary_code are optional
functions that are only required on archs that need special exception
fixups.
2) The kernel address space scope must be set on any probe_kernel_*
function or archs such as ARCH=arm will not allow access to the kernel
memory space. As an example, it is required to allow the full kernel
address space is when you the kernel debugger to inspect a system
call.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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add probe_kernel_read() and probe_kernel_write().
Uninlined and restricted to kernel range memory only, as suggested
by Linus.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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In a5d76b54a3f3a40385d7f76069a2feac9f1bad63 (memory unplug: page isolation by
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki), "isolate" migratetype added. but unfortunately, it
doesn't treat /proc/pagetypeinfo display logic.
this patch add "Isolate" to pagetype name field.
/proc/pagetype
before:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free pages count per migrate type at order 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Node 0, zone DMA, type Unmovable 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Movable 2 3 3 1 3 3 2 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Node 0, zone DMA, type <NULL> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Unmovable 1 9 7 4 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Reclaimable 5 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Movable 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 60
Node 0, zone Normal, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Node 0, zone Normal, type <NULL> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Unmovable 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 0
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Movable 236 62 6 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 16
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Node 0, zone HighMem, type <NULL> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of blocks type Unmovable Reclaimable Movable Reserve <NULL>
Node 0, zone DMA 1 0 2 1 0
Node 0, zone Normal 10 40 169 1 0
Node 0, zone HighMem 2 0 283 1 0
after:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free pages count per migrate type at order 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Node 0, zone DMA, type Unmovable 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Movable 2 3 3 1 3 3 2 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Node 0, zone DMA, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Unmovable 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Reclaimable 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Movable 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 196
Node 0, zone Normal, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Node 0, zone Normal, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Unmovable 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 0
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Movable 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 200
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Node 0, zone HighMem, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of blocks type Unmovable Reclaimable Movable Reserve Isolate
Node 0, zone DMA 1 0 2 1 0
Node 0, zone Normal 8 4 207 1 0
Node 0, zone HighMem 2 0 283 1 0
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When I used a test program to fork mass processes and immediately move them to
a cgroup where the memory limit is low enough to trigger oom kill, I got oops:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000808
IP: [<ffffffff8045c47f>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x8/0x18
PGD 4c95f067 PUD 4406c067 PMD 0
Oops: 0002 [1] SMP
CPU 2
Modules linked in:
Pid: 11973, comm: a.out Not tainted 2.6.25-rc7 #5
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8045c47f>] [<ffffffff8045c47f>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x8/0x18
RSP: 0018:ffff8100448c7c30 EFLAGS: 00010002
RAX: 0000000000000202 RBX: 0000000000000009 RCX: 000000000001c9f3
RDX: 0000000000000100 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000808
RBP: ffff81007e444080 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff8100448c7900
R10: ffff81000105f480 R11: 00000100ffffffff R12: ffff810067c84140
R13: 0000000000000001 R14: ffff8100441d0018 R15: ffff81007da56200
FS: 00007f70eb1856f0(0000) GS:ffff81007fbad3c0(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 0000000000000808 CR3: 000000004498a000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process a.out (pid: 11973, threadinfo ffff8100448c6000, task ffff81007da533e0)
Stack: ffffffff8023ef5a 00000000000000d0 ffffffff80548dc0 00000000000000d0
ffff810067c84140 ffff81007e444080 ffffffff8026cef9 00000000000000d0
ffff8100441d0000 00000000000000d0 ffff8100441d0000 ffff8100505445c0
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff8023ef5a>] ? force_sig_info+0x25/0xb9
[<ffffffff8026cef9>] ? oom_kill_task+0x77/0xe2
[<ffffffff8026d696>] ? mem_cgroup_out_of_memory+0x55/0x67
[<ffffffff802910ad>] ? mem_cgroup_charge_common+0xec/0x202
[<ffffffff8027997b>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x24e/0x77f
[<ffffffff8022c4af>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0xe
[<ffffffff8027a17a>] ? get_user_pages+0x2ce/0x3af
[<ffffffff80290fee>] ? mem_cgroup_charge_common+0x2d/0x202
[<ffffffff8027a441>] ? make_pages_present+0x8e/0xa4
[<ffffffff8027d1ab>] ? mmap_region+0x373/0x429
[<ffffffff8027d7eb>] ? do_mmap_pgoff+0x2ff/0x364
[<ffffffff80210471>] ? sys_mmap+0xe5/0x111
[<ffffffff8020bfc9>] ? tracesys+0xdc/0xe1
Code: 00 00 01 48 8b 3c 24 e9 46 d4 dd ff f0 ff 07 48 8b 3c 24 e9 3a d4 dd ff fe 07 48 8b 3c 24 e9 2f d4 dd ff 9c 58 fa ba 00 01 00 00 <f0> 66 0f c1 17 38 f2 74 06 f3 90 8a 17 eb f6 c3 fa b8 00 01 00
RIP [<ffffffff8045c47f>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x8/0x18
RSP <ffff8100448c7c30>
CR2: 0000000000000808
---[ end trace c3702fa668021ea4 ]---
It's reproducable in a x86_64 box, but doesn't happen in x86_32.
This is because tsk->sighand is not guarded by RCU, so we have to
hold tasklist_lock, just as what out_of_memory() does.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@cs.washington.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix memory corruption and crash on 32-bit x86 systems.
If a !PAE x86 kernel is booted on a 32-bit system with more than 4GB of
RAM, then we call memory_present() with a start/end that goes outside
the scope of MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS.
That causes this loop to happily walk over the limit of the sparse
memory section map:
for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
unsigned long section = pfn_to_section_nr(pfn);
struct mem_section *ms;
sparse_index_init(section, nid);
set_section_nid(section, nid);
ms = __nr_to_section(section);
if (!ms->section_mem_map)
ms->section_mem_map = sparse_encode_early_nid(nid) |
SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT;
'ms' will be out of bounds and we'll corrupt a small amount of memory by
encoding the node ID and writing SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT (==0x1) over it.
The corruption might happen when encoding a non-zero node ID, or due to
the SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT which is 0x1:
mmzone.h:#define SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT (1UL<<0)
The fix is to sanity check anything the architecture passes to
sparsemem.
This bug seems to be rather old (as old as sparsemem support itself),
but the exact incarnation depended on random details like configs, which
made this bug more prominent in v2.6.25-to-be.
An additional enhancement might be to print a warning about ignored or
trimmed memory ranges.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Tested-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <Yinghai.Lu@sun.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The per node counters are used mainly for showing data through the sysfs API.
If that API is not compiled in then there is no point in keeping track of this
data. Disable counters for the number of slabs and the number of total slabs
if !SLUB_DEBUG. Incrementing the per node counters is also accessing a
potentially contended cacheline so this could actually be a performance
benefit to embedded systems.
SLABINFO support is also affected. It now must depends on SLUB_DEBUG (which
is on by default).
Patch also avoids a check for a NULL kmem_cache_node pointer in new_slab()
if the system is not compiled with NUMA support.
[penberg@cs.helsinki.fi: fix oops and move ->nr_slabs into CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
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