From 331a5ad2a2ab6e93d1848b060c84fd2821c72e29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Randy Dunlap Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2008 21:53:50 +0100 Subject: ide: move ide.txt to Documentation/ide/ Cleanup some of Documentation directory: Move Documentation/ide.txt to the ide/ sub-directory. Fix trailing whitespace while there. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz --- Documentation/ide.txt | 335 -------------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 335 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Documentation/ide.txt (limited to 'Documentation/ide.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/ide.txt b/Documentation/ide.txt deleted file mode 100644 index bcd7cd1278e..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/ide.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,335 +0,0 @@ - - Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive in Linux 2.6 - -============================================================================== - - - The hdparm utility can be used to control various IDE features on a - running system. It is packaged separately. Please Look for it on popular - linux FTP sites. - - - -*** IMPORTANT NOTICES: BUGGY IDE CHIPSETS CAN CORRUPT DATA!! -*** ================= -*** PCI versions of the CMD640 and RZ1000 interfaces are now detected -*** automatically at startup when PCI BIOS support is configured. -*** -*** Linux disables the "prefetch" ("readahead") mode of the RZ1000 -*** to prevent data corruption possible due to hardware design flaws. -*** -*** For the CMD640, linux disables "IRQ unmasking" (hdparm -u1) on any -*** drive for which the "prefetch" mode of the CMD640 is turned on. -*** If "prefetch" is disabled (hdparm -p8), then "IRQ unmasking" can be -*** used again. -*** -*** For the CMD640, linux disables "32bit I/O" (hdparm -c1) on any drive -*** for which the "prefetch" mode of the CMD640 is turned off. -*** If "prefetch" is enabled (hdparm -p9), then "32bit I/O" can be -*** used again. -*** -*** The CMD640 is also used on some Vesa Local Bus (VLB) cards, and is *NOT* -*** automatically detected by Linux. For safe, reliable operation with such -*** interfaces, one *MUST* use the "cmd640.probe_vlb" kernel option. -*** -*** Use of the "serialize" option is no longer necessary. - -================================================================================ -Common pitfalls: - -- 40-conductor IDE cables are capable of transferring data in DMA modes up to - udma2, but no faster. - -- If possible devices should be attached to separate channels if they are - available. Typically the disk on the first and CD-ROM on the second. - -- If you mix devices on the same cable, please consider using similar devices - in respect of the data transfer mode they support. - -- Even better try to stick to the same vendor and device type on the same - cable. - -================================================================================ - -This is the multiple IDE interface driver, as evolved from hd.c. - -It supports up to 9 IDE interfaces per default, on one or more IRQs (usually -14 & 15). There can be up to two drives per interface, as per the ATA-6 spec. - -Primary: ide0, port 0x1f0; major=3; hda is minor=0; hdb is minor=64 -Secondary: ide1, port 0x170; major=22; hdc is minor=0; hdd is minor=64 -Tertiary: ide2, port 0x1e8; major=33; hde is minor=0; hdf is minor=64 -Quaternary: ide3, port 0x168; major=34; hdg is minor=0; hdh is minor=64 -fifth.. ide4, usually PCI, probed -sixth.. ide5, usually PCI, probed - -To access devices on interfaces > ide0, device entries please make sure that -device files for them are present in /dev. If not, please create such -entries, by using /dev/MAKEDEV. - -This driver automatically probes for most IDE interfaces (including all PCI -ones), for the drives/geometries attached to those interfaces, and for the IRQ -lines being used by the interfaces (normally 14, 15 for ide0/ide1). - -For special cases, interfaces may be specified using kernel "command line" -options. For example, - - ide3=0x168,0x36e,10 /* ioports 0x168-0x16f,0x36e, irq 10 */ - -Normally the irq number need not be specified, as ide.c will probe for it: - - ide3=0x168,0x36e /* ioports 0x168-0x16f,0x36e */ - -The standard port, and irq values are these: - - ide0=0x1f0,0x3f6,14 - ide1=0x170,0x376,15 - ide2=0x1e8,0x3ee,11 - ide3=0x168,0x36e,10 - -Note that the first parameter reserves 8 contiguous ioports, whereas the -second value denotes a single ioport. If in doubt, do a 'cat /proc/ioports'. - -In all probability the device uses these ports and IRQs if it is attached -to the appropriate ide channel. Pass the parameter for the correct ide -channel to the kernel, as explained above. - -Any number of interfaces may share a single IRQ if necessary, at a slight -performance penalty, whether on separate cards or a single VLB card. -The IDE driver automatically detects and handles this. However, this may -or may not be harmful to your hardware.. two or more cards driving the same IRQ -can potentially burn each other's bus driver, though in practice this -seldom occurs. Be careful, and if in doubt, don't do it! - -Drives are normally found by auto-probing and/or examining the CMOS/BIOS data. -For really weird situations, the apparent (fdisk) geometry can also be specified -on the kernel "command line" using LILO. The format of such lines is: - - hdx=cyls,heads,sects,wpcom,irq -or hdx=cdrom - -where hdx can be any of hda through hdh, Three values are required -(cyls,heads,sects). For example: - - hdc=1050,32,64 hdd=cdrom - -either {hda,hdb} or {hdc,hdd}. The results of successful auto-probing may -override the physical geometry/irq specified, though the "original" geometry -may be retained as the "logical" geometry for partitioning purposes (fdisk). - -If the auto-probing during boot time confuses a drive (ie. the drive works -with hd.c but not with ide.c), then an command line option may be specified -for each drive for which you'd like the drive to skip the hardware -probe/identification sequence. For example: - - hdb=noprobe -or - hdc=768,16,32 - hdc=noprobe - -Note that when only one IDE device is attached to an interface, it should be -jumpered as "single" or "master", *not* "slave". Many folks have had -"trouble" with cdroms because of this requirement, so the driver now probes -for both units, though success is more likely when the drive is jumpered -correctly. - -Courtesy of Scott Snyder and others, the driver supports ATAPI cdrom drives -such as the NEC-260 and the new MITSUMI triple/quad speed drives. -Such drives will be identified at boot time, just like a hard disk. - -If for some reason your cdrom drive is *not* found at boot time, you can force -the probe to look harder by supplying a kernel command line parameter -via LILO, such as: - - hdc=cdrom /* hdc = "master" on second interface */ -or - hdd=cdrom /* hdd = "slave" on second interface */ - -For example, a GW2000 system might have a hard drive on the primary -interface (/dev/hda) and an IDE cdrom drive on the secondary interface -(/dev/hdc). To mount a CD in the cdrom drive, one would use something like: - - ln -sf /dev/hdc /dev/cdrom - mkdir /mnt/cdrom - mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom -t iso9660 -o ro - -If, after doing all of the above, mount doesn't work and you see -errors from the driver (with dmesg) complaining about `status=0xff', -this means that the hardware is not responding to the driver's attempts -to read it. One of the following is probably the problem: - - - Your hardware is broken. - - - You are using the wrong address for the device, or you have the - drive jumpered wrong. Review the configuration instructions above. - - - Your IDE controller requires some nonstandard initialization sequence - before it will work properly. If this is the case, there will often - be a separate MS-DOS driver just for the controller. IDE interfaces - on sound cards usually fall into this category. Such configurations - can often be made to work by first booting MS-DOS, loading the - appropriate drivers, and then warm-booting linux (without powering - off). This can be automated using loadlin in the MS-DOS autoexec. - -If you always get timeout errors, interrupts from the drive are probably -not making it to the host. Check how you have the hardware jumpered -and make sure it matches what the driver expects (see the configuration -instructions above). If you have a PCI system, also check the BIOS -setup; I've had one report of a system which was shipped with IRQ 15 -disabled by the BIOS. - -The kernel is able to execute binaries directly off of the cdrom, -provided it is mounted with the default block size of 1024 (as above). - -Please pass on any feedback on any of this stuff to the maintainer, -whose address can be found in linux/MAINTAINERS. - -Note that if BOTH hd.c and ide.c are configured into the kernel, -hd.c will normally be allowed to control the primary IDE interface. -This is useful for older hardware that may be incompatible with ide.c, -and still allows newer hardware to run on the 2nd/3rd/4th IDE ports -under control of ide.c. To have ide.c also "take over" the primary -IDE port in this situation, use the "command line" parameter: ide0=0x1f0 - -The IDE driver is modularized. The high level disk/CD-ROM/tape/floppy -drivers can always be compiled as loadable modules, the chipset drivers -can only be compiled into the kernel, and the core code (ide.c) can be -compiled as a loadable module provided no chipset support is needed. - -When using ide.c as a module in combination with kmod, add: - - alias block-major-3 ide-probe - -to /etc/modprobe.conf. - -When ide.c is used as a module, you can pass command line parameters to the -driver using the "options=" keyword to insmod, while replacing any ',' with -';'. For example: - - insmod ide.o options="ide0=serialize ide1=serialize ide2=0x1e8;0x3ee;11" - - -================================================================================ - -Summary of ide driver parameters for kernel command line --------------------------------------------------------- - - "hdx=" is recognized for all "x" from "a" to "h", such as "hdc". - - "idex=" is recognized for all "x" from "0" to "3", such as "ide1". - - "hdx=noprobe" : drive may be present, but do not probe for it - - "hdx=none" : drive is NOT present, ignore cmos and do not probe - - "hdx=nowerr" : ignore the WRERR_STAT bit on this drive - - "hdx=cdrom" : drive is present, and is a cdrom drive - - "hdx=cyl,head,sect" : disk drive is present, with specified geometry - - "hdx=remap" : remap access of sector 0 to sector 1 (for EZDrive) - - "hdx=remap63" : remap the drive: add 63 to all sector numbers - (for DM OnTrack) - - "idex=noautotune" : driver will NOT attempt to tune interface speed - - "hdx=autotune" : driver will attempt to tune interface speed - to the fastest PIO mode supported, - if possible for this drive only. - Not fully supported by all chipset types, - and quite likely to cause trouble with - older/odd IDE drives. - - "hdx=nodma" : disallow DMA - - "hdx=scsi" : the return of the ide-scsi flag, this is useful for - allowing ide-floppy, ide-tape, and ide-cdrom|writers - to use ide-scsi emulation on a device specific option. - - "idebus=xx" : inform IDE driver of VESA/PCI bus speed in MHz, - where "xx" is between 20 and 66 inclusive, - used when tuning chipset PIO modes. - For PCI bus, 25 is correct for a P75 system, - 30 is correct for P90,P120,P180 systems, - and 33 is used for P100,P133,P166 systems. - If in doubt, use idebus=33 for PCI. - As for VLB, it is safest to not specify it. - Bigger values are safer than smaller ones. - - "idex=base" : probe for an interface at the addr specified, - where "base" is usually 0x1f0 or 0x170 - and "ctl" is assumed to be "base"+0x206 - - "idex=base,ctl" : specify both base and ctl - - "idex=base,ctl,irq" : specify base, ctl, and irq number - - "idex=serialize" : do not overlap operations on idex. Please note - that you will have to specify this option for - both the respective primary and secondary channel - to take effect. - - "idex=four" : four drives on idex and ide(x^1) share same ports - - "idex=reset" : reset interface after probe - - "idex=ata66" : informs the interface that it has an 80c cable - for chipsets that are ATA-66 capable, but the - ability to bit test for detection is currently - unknown. - - "ide=reverse" : formerly called to pci sub-system, but now local. - -The following are valid ONLY on ide0, which usually corresponds -to the first ATA interface found on the particular host, and the defaults for -the base,ctl ports must not be altered. - - "ide=doubler" : probe/support IDE doublers on Amiga - -There may be more options than shown -- use the source, Luke! - -Everything else is rejected with a "BAD OPTION" message. - -For legacy IDE VLB host drivers (ali14xx/dtc2278/ht6560b/qd65xx/umc8672) -you need to explicitly enable probing by using "probe" kernel parameter, -i.e. to enable probing for ALI M14xx chipsets (ali14xx host driver) use: - -* "ali14xx.probe" boot option when ali14xx driver is built-in the kernel - -* "probe" module parameter when ali14xx driver is compiled as module - ("modprobe ali14xx probe") - -Also for legacy CMD640 host driver (cmd640) you need to use "probe_vlb" -kernel paremeter to enable probing for VLB version of the chipset (PCI ones -are detected automatically). - -================================================================================ - -Some Terminology ----------------- -IDE = Integrated Drive Electronics, meaning that each drive has a built-in -controller, which is why an "IDE interface card" is not a "controller card". - -ATA = AT (the old IBM 286 computer) Attachment Interface, a draft American -National Standard for connecting hard drives to PCs. This is the official -name for "IDE". - -The latest standards define some enhancements, known as the ATA-6 spec, -which grew out of vendor-specific "Enhanced IDE" (EIDE) implementations. - -ATAPI = ATA Packet Interface, a new protocol for controlling the drives, -similar to SCSI protocols, created at the same time as the ATA2 standard. -ATAPI is currently used for controlling CDROM, TAPE and FLOPPY (ZIP or -LS120/240) devices, removable R/W cartridges, and for high capacity hard disk -drives. - -mlord@pobox.com --- - -Wed Apr 17 22:52:44 CEST 2002 edited by Marcin Dalecki, the current -maintainer. - -Wed Aug 20 22:31:29 CEST 2003 updated ide boot options to current ide.c -comments at 2.6.0-test4 time. Maciej Soltysiak -- cgit v1.2.3