/* * linux/fs/block_dev.c * * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds * Copyright (C) 2001 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE */ #include <linux/config.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/fcntl.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/kmod.h> #include <linux/major.h> #include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h> #include <linux/smp_lock.h> #include <linux/highmem.h> #include <linux/blkdev.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/blkpg.h> #include <linux/buffer_head.h> #include <linux/mpage.h> #include <linux/mount.h> #include <linux/uio.h> #include <linux/namei.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> struct bdev_inode { struct block_device bdev; struct inode vfs_inode; }; static inline struct bdev_inode *BDEV_I(struct inode *inode) { return container_of(inode, struct bdev_inode, vfs_inode); } inline struct block_device *I_BDEV(struct inode *inode) { return &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV); static sector_t max_block(struct block_device *bdev) { sector_t retval = ~((sector_t)0); loff_t sz = i_size_read(bdev->bd_inode); if (sz) { unsigned int size = block_size(bdev); unsigned int sizebits = blksize_bits(size); retval = (sz >> sizebits); } return retval; } /* Kill _all_ buffers, dirty or not.. */ static void kill_bdev(struct block_device *bdev) { invalidate_bdev(bdev, 1); truncate_inode_pages(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping, 0); } int set_blocksize(struct block_device *bdev, int size) { /* Size must be a power of two, and between 512 and PAGE_SIZE */ if (size > PAGE_SIZE || size < 512 || (size & (size-1))) return -EINVAL; /* Size cannot be smaller than the size supported by the device */ if (size < bdev_hardsect_size(bdev)) return -EINVAL; /* Don't change the size if it is same as current */ if (bdev->bd_block_size != size) { sync_blockdev(bdev); bdev->bd_block_size = size; bdev->bd_inode->i_blkbits = blksize_bits(size); kill_bdev(bdev); } return 0; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_blocksize); int sb_set_blocksize(struct super_block *sb, int size) { int bits = 9; /* 2^9 = 512 */ if (set_blocksize(sb->s_bdev, size)) return 0; /* If we get here, we know size is power of two * and it's value is between 512 and PAGE_SIZE */ sb->s_blocksize = size; for (size >>= 10; size; size >>= 1) ++bits; sb->s_blocksize_bits = bits; return sb->s_blocksize; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(sb_set_blocksize); int sb_min_blocksize(struct super_block *sb, int size) { int minsize = bdev_hardsect_size(sb->s_bdev); if (size < minsize) size = minsize; return sb_set_blocksize(sb, size); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(sb_min_blocksize); static int blkdev_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock, struct buffer_head *bh, int create) { if (iblock >= max_block(I_BDEV(inode))) { if (create) return -EIO; /* * for reads, we're just trying to fill a partial page. * return a hole, they will have to call get_block again * before they can fill it, and they will get -EIO at that * time */ return 0; } bh->b_bdev = I_BDEV(inode); bh->b_blocknr = iblock; set_buffer_mapped(bh); return 0; } static int blkdev_get_blocks(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock, unsigned long max_blocks, struct buffer_head *bh, int create) { sector_t end_block = max_block(I_BDEV(inode)); if ((iblock + max_blocks) > end_block) { max_blocks = end_block - iblock; if ((long)max_blocks <= 0) { if (create) return -EIO; /* write fully beyond EOF */ /* * It is a read which is fully beyond EOF. We return * a !buffer_mapped buffer */ max_blocks = 0; } } bh->b_bdev = I_BDEV(inode); bh->b_blocknr = iblock; bh->b_size = max_blocks << inode->i_blkbits; if (max_blocks) set_buffer_mapped(bh); return 0; } static ssize_t blkdev_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov, loff_t offset, unsigned long nr_segs) { struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp; struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host; return blockdev_direct_IO_no_locking(rw, iocb, inode, I_BDEV(inode), iov, offset, nr_segs, blkdev_get_blocks, NULL); } static int blkdev_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc) { return block_write_full_page(page, blkdev_get_block, wbc); } static int blkdev_readpage(struct file * file, struct page * page) { return block_read_full_page(page, blkdev_get_block); } static int blkdev_prepare_write(struct file *file, struct page *page, unsigned from, unsigned to) { return block_prepare_write(page, from, to, blkdev_get_block); } static int blkdev_commit_write(struct file *file, struct page *page, unsigned from, unsigned to) { return block_commit_write(page, from, to); } /* * private llseek: * for a block special file file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_size is zero * so we compute the size by hand (just as in block_read/write above) */ static loff_t block_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int origin) { struct inode *bd_inode = file->f_mapping->host; loff_t size; loff_t retval; mutex_lock(&bd_inode->i_mutex); size = i_size_read(bd_inode); switch (origin) { case 2: offset += size; break; case 1: offset += file->f_pos; } retval = -EINVAL; if (offset >= 0 && offset <= size) { if (offset != file->f_pos) { file->f_pos = offset; } retval = offset; } mutex_unlock(&bd_inode->i_mutex); return retval; } /* * Filp is never NULL; the only case when ->fsync() is called with * NULL first argument is nfsd_sync_dir() and that's not a directory. */ static int block_fsync(struct file *filp, struct dentry *dentry, int datasync) { return sync_blockdev(I_BDEV(filp->f_mapping->host)); } /* * pseudo-fs */ static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(bdev_lock); static kmem_cache_t * bdev_cachep; static struct inode *bdev_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb) { struct bdev_inode *ei = kmem_cache_alloc(bdev_cachep, SLAB_KERNEL); if (!ei) return NULL; return &ei->vfs_inode; } static void bdev_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode) { struct bdev_inode *bdi = BDEV_I(inode); bdi->bdev.bd_inode_backing_dev_info = NULL; kmem_cache_free(bdev_cachep, bdi); } static void init_once(void * foo, kmem_cache_t * cachep, unsigned long flags) { struct bdev_inode *ei = (struct bdev_inode *) foo; struct block_device *bdev = &ei->bdev; if ((flags & (SLAB_CTOR_VERIFY|SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR)) == SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR) { memset(bdev, 0, sizeof(*bdev)); sema_init(&bdev->bd_sem, 1); sema_init(&bdev->bd_mount_sem, 1); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdev->bd_inodes); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdev->bd_list); inode_init_once(&ei->vfs_inode); } } static inline void __bd_forget(struct inode *inode) { list_del_init(&inode->i_devices); inode->i_bdev = NULL; inode->i_mapping = &inode->i_data; } static void bdev_clear_inode(struct inode *inode) { struct block_device *bdev = &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev; struct list_head *p; spin_lock(&bdev_lock); while ( (p = bdev->bd_inodes.next) != &bdev->bd_inodes ) { __bd_forget(list_entry(p, struct inode, i_devices)); } list_del_init(&bdev->bd_list); spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); } static struct super_operations bdev_sops = { .statfs = simple_statfs, .alloc_inode = bdev_alloc_inode, .destroy_inode = bdev_destroy_inode, .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode, .clear_inode = bdev_clear_inode, }; static struct super_block *bd_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data) { return get_sb_pseudo(fs_type, "bdev:", &bdev_sops, 0x62646576); } static struct file_system_type bd_type = { .name = "bdev", .get_sb = bd_get_sb, .kill_sb = kill_anon_super, }; static struct vfsmount *bd_mnt; struct super_block *blockdev_superblock; void __init bdev_cache_init(void) { int err; bdev_cachep = kmem_cache_create("bdev_cache", sizeof(struct bdev_inode), 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|SLAB_PANIC, init_once, NULL); err = register_filesystem(&bd_type); if (err) panic("Cannot register bdev pseudo-fs"); bd_mnt = kern_mount(&bd_type); err = PTR_ERR(bd_mnt); if (IS_ERR(bd_mnt)) panic("Cannot create bdev pseudo-fs"); blockdev_superblock = bd_mnt->mnt_sb; /* For writeback */ } /* * Most likely _very_ bad one - but then it's hardly critical for small * /dev and can be fixed when somebody will need really large one. * Keep in mind that it will be fed through icache hash function too. */ static inline unsigned long hash(dev_t dev) { return MAJOR(dev)+MINOR(dev); } static int bdev_test(struct inode *inode, void *data) { return BDEV_I(inode)->bdev.bd_dev == *(dev_t *)data; } static int bdev_set(struct inode *inode, void *data) { BDEV_I(inode)->bdev.bd_dev = *(dev_t *)data; return 0; } static LIST_HEAD(all_bdevs); struct block_device *bdget(dev_t dev) { struct block_device *bdev; struct inode *inode; inode = iget5_locked(bd_mnt->mnt_sb, hash(dev), bdev_test, bdev_set, &dev); if (!inode) return NULL; bdev = &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev; if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) { bdev->bd_contains = NULL; bdev->bd_inode = inode; bdev->bd_block_size = (1 << inode->i_blkbits); bdev->bd_part_count = 0; bdev->bd_invalidated = 0; inode->i_mode = S_IFBLK; inode->i_rdev = dev; inode->i_bdev = bdev; inode->i_data.a_ops = &def_blk_aops; mapping_set_gfp_mask(&inode->i_data, GFP_USER); inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = &default_backing_dev_info; spin_lock(&bdev_lock); list_add(&bdev->bd_list, &all_bdevs); spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); unlock_new_inode(inode); } return bdev; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdget); long nr_blockdev_pages(void) { struct list_head *p; long ret = 0; spin_lock(&bdev_lock); list_for_each(p, &all_bdevs) { struct block_device *bdev; bdev = list_entry(p, struct block_device, bd_list); ret += bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping->nrpages; } spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); return ret; } void bdput(struct block_device *bdev) { iput(bdev->bd_inode); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdput); static struct block_device *bd_acquire(struct inode *inode) { struct block_device *bdev; spin_lock(&bdev_lock); bdev = inode->i_bdev; if (bdev && igrab(bdev->bd_inode)) { spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); return bdev; } spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); bdev = bdget(inode->i_rdev); if (bdev) { spin_lock(&bdev_lock); if (inode->i_bdev) __bd_forget(inode); inode->i_bdev = bdev; inode->i_mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping; list_add(&inode->i_devices, &bdev->bd_inodes); spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); } return bdev; } /* Call when you free inode */ void bd_forget(struct inode *inode) { spin_lock(&bdev_lock); if (inode->i_bdev) __bd_forget(inode); spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); } int bd_claim(struct block_device *bdev, void *holder) { int res; spin_lock(&bdev_lock); /* first decide result */ if (bdev->bd_holder == holder) res = 0; /* already a holder */ else if (bdev->bd_holder != NULL) res = -EBUSY; /* held by someone else */ else if (bdev->bd_contains == bdev) res = 0; /* is a whole device which isn't held */ else if (bdev->bd_contains->bd_holder == bd_claim) res = 0; /* is a partition of a device that is being partitioned */ else if (bdev->bd_contains->bd_holder != NULL) res = -EBUSY; /* is a partition of a held device */ else res = 0; /* is a partition of an un-held device */ /* now impose change */ if (res==0) { /* note that for a whole device bd_holders * will be incremented twice, and bd_holder will * be set to bd_claim before being set to holder */ bdev->bd_contains->bd_holders ++; bdev->bd_contains->bd_holder = bd_claim; bdev->bd_holders++; bdev->bd_holder = holder; } spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); return res; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(bd_claim); void bd_release(struct block_device *bdev) { spin_lock(&bdev_lock); if (!--bdev->bd_contains->bd_holders) bdev->bd_contains->bd_holder = NULL; if (!--bdev->bd_holders) bdev->bd_holder = NULL; spin_unlock(&bdev_lock); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(bd_release); /* * Tries to open block device by device number. Use it ONLY if you * really do not have anything better - i.e. when you are behind a * truly sucky interface and all you are given is a device number. _Never_ * to be used for internal purposes. If you ever need it - reconsider * your API. */ struct block_device *open_by_devnum(dev_t dev, unsigned mode) { struct block_device *bdev = bdget(dev); int err = -ENOMEM; int flags = mode & FMODE_WRITE ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY; if (bdev) err = blkdev_get(bdev, mode, flags); return err ? ERR_PTR(err) : bdev; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(open_by_devnum); /* * This routine checks whether a removable media has been changed, * and invalidates all buffer-cache-entries in that case. This * is a relatively slow routine, so we have to try to minimize using * it. Thus it is called only upon a 'mount' or 'open'. This * is the best way of combining speed and utility, I think. * People changing diskettes in the middle of an operation deserve * to lose :-) */ int check_disk_change(struct block_device *bdev) { struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk; struct block_device_operations * bdops = disk->fops; if (!bdops->media_changed) return 0; if (!bdops->media_changed(bdev->bd_disk)) return 0; if (__invalidate_device(bdev)) printk("VFS: busy inodes on changed media.\n"); if (bdops->revalidate_disk) bdops->revalidate_disk(bdev->bd_disk); if (bdev->bd_disk->minors > 1) bdev->bd_invalidated = 1; return 1; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(check_disk_change); void bd_set_size(struct block_device *bdev, loff_t size) { unsigned bsize = bdev_hardsect_size(bdev); bdev->bd_inode->i_size = size; while (bsize < PAGE_CACHE_SIZE) { if (size & bsize) break; bsize <<= 1; } bdev->bd_block_size = bsize; bdev->bd_inode->i_blkbits = blksize_bits(bsize); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(bd_set_size); static int do_open(struct block_device *bdev, struct file *file) { struct module *owner = NULL; struct gendisk *disk; int ret = -ENXIO; int part; file->f_mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping; lock_kernel(); disk = get_gendisk(bdev->bd_dev, &part); if (!disk) { unlock_kernel(); bdput(bdev); return ret; } owner = disk->fops->owner; down(&bdev->bd_sem); if (!bdev->bd_openers) { bdev->bd_disk = disk; bdev->bd_contains = bdev; if (!part) { struct backing_dev_info *bdi; if (disk->fops->open) { ret = disk->fops->open(bdev->bd_inode, file); if (ret) goto out_first; } if (!bdev->bd_openers) { bd_set_size(bdev,(loff_t)get_capacity(disk)<<9); bdi = blk_get_backing_dev_info(bdev); if (bdi == NULL) bdi = &default_backing_dev_info; bdev->bd_inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = bdi; } if (bdev->bd_invalidated) rescan_partitions(disk, bdev); } else { struct hd_struct *p; struct block_device *whole; whole = bdget_disk(disk, 0); ret = -ENOMEM; if (!whole) goto out_first; ret = blkdev_get(whole, file->f_mode, file->f_flags); if (ret) goto out_first; bdev->bd_contains = whole; down(&whole->bd_sem); whole->bd_part_count++; p = disk->part[part - 1]; bdev->bd_inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = whole->bd_inode->i_data.backing_dev_info; if (!(disk->flags & GENHD_FL_UP) || !p || !p->nr_sects) { whole->bd_part_count--; up(&whole->bd_sem); ret = -ENXIO; goto out_first; } kobject_get(&p->kobj); bdev->bd_part = p; bd_set_size(bdev, (loff_t) p->nr_sects << 9); up(&whole->bd_sem); } } else { put_disk(disk); module_put(owner); if (bdev->bd_contains == bdev) { if (bdev->bd_disk->fops->open) { ret = bdev->bd_disk->fops->open(bdev->bd_inode, file); if (ret) goto out; } if (bdev->bd_invalidated) rescan_partitions(bdev->bd_disk, bdev); } else { down(&bdev->bd_contains->bd_sem); bdev->bd_contains->bd_part_count++; up(&bdev->bd_contains->bd_sem); } } bdev->bd_openers++; up(&bdev->bd_sem); unlock_kernel(); return 0; out_first: bdev->bd_disk = NULL; bdev->bd_inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = &default_backing_dev_info; if (bdev != bdev->bd_contains) blkdev_put(bdev->bd_contains); bdev->bd_contains = NULL; put_disk(disk); module_put(owner); out: up(&bdev->bd_sem); unlock_kernel(); if (ret) bdput(bdev); return ret; } int blkdev_get(struct block_device *bdev, mode_t mode, unsigned flags) { /* * This crockload is due to bad choice of ->open() type. * It will go away. * For now, block device ->open() routine must _not_ * examine anything in 'inode' argument except ->i_rdev. */ struct file fake_file = {}; struct dentry fake_dentry = {}; fake_file.f_mode = mode; fake_file.f_flags = flags; fake_file.f_dentry = &fake_dentry; fake_dentry.d_inode = bdev->bd_inode; return do_open(bdev, &fake_file); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_get); static int blkdev_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp) { struct block_device *bdev; int res; /* * Preserve backwards compatibility and allow large file access * even if userspace doesn't ask for it explicitly. Some mkfs * binary needs it. We might want to drop this workaround * during an unstable branch. */ filp->f_flags |= O_LARGEFILE; bdev = bd_acquire(inode); res = do_open(bdev, filp); if (res) return res; if (!(filp->f_flags & O_EXCL) ) return 0; if (!(res = bd_claim(bdev, filp))) return 0; blkdev_put(bdev); return res; } int blkdev_put(struct block_device *bdev) { int ret = 0; struct inode *bd_inode = bdev->bd_inode; struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk; down(&bdev->bd_sem); lock_kernel(); if (!--bdev->bd_openers) { sync_blockdev(bdev); kill_bdev(bdev); } if (bdev->bd_contains == bdev) { if (disk->fops->release) ret = disk->fops->release(bd_inode, NULL); } else { down(&bdev->bd_contains->bd_sem); bdev->bd_contains->bd_part_count--; up(&bdev->bd_contains->bd_sem); } if (!bdev->bd_openers) { struct module *owner = disk->fops->owner; put_disk(disk); module_put(owner); if (bdev->bd_contains != bdev) { kobject_put(&bdev->bd_part->kobj); bdev->bd_part = NULL; } bdev->bd_disk = NULL; bdev->bd_inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = &default_backing_dev_info; if (bdev != bdev->bd_contains) { blkdev_put(bdev->bd_contains); } bdev->bd_contains = NULL; } unlock_kernel(); up(&bdev->bd_sem); bdput(bdev); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_put); static int blkdev_close(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp) { struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(filp->f_mapping->host); if (bdev->bd_holder == filp) bd_release(bdev); return blkdev_put(bdev); } static ssize_t blkdev_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) { struct iovec local_iov = { .iov_base = (void __user *)buf, .iov_len = count }; return generic_file_write_nolock(file, &local_iov, 1, ppos); } static ssize_t blkdev_file_aio_write(struct kiocb *iocb, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t pos) { struct iovec local_iov = { .iov_base = (void __user *)buf, .iov_len = count }; return generic_file_aio_write_nolock(iocb, &local_iov, 1, &iocb->ki_pos); } static long block_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned cmd, unsigned long arg) { return blkdev_ioctl(file->f_mapping->host, file, cmd, arg); } struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops = { .readpage = blkdev_readpage, .writepage = blkdev_writepage, .sync_page = block_sync_page, .prepare_write = blkdev_prepare_write, .commit_write = blkdev_commit_write, .writepages = generic_writepages, .direct_IO = blkdev_direct_IO, }; struct file_operations def_blk_fops = { .open = blkdev_open, .release = blkdev_close, .llseek = block_llseek, .read = generic_file_read, .write = blkdev_file_write, .aio_read = generic_file_aio_read, .aio_write = blkdev_file_aio_write, .mmap = generic_file_mmap, .fsync = block_fsync, .unlocked_ioctl = block_ioctl, #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT .compat_ioctl = compat_blkdev_ioctl, #endif .readv = generic_file_readv, .writev = generic_file_write_nolock, .sendfile = generic_file_sendfile, }; int ioctl_by_bdev(struct block_device *bdev, unsigned cmd, unsigned long arg) { int res; mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs(); set_fs(KERNEL_DS); res = blkdev_ioctl(bdev->bd_inode, NULL, cmd, arg); set_fs(old_fs); return res; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(ioctl_by_bdev); /** * lookup_bdev - lookup a struct block_device by name * * @path: special file representing the block device * * Get a reference to the blockdevice at @path in the current * namespace if possible and return it. Return ERR_PTR(error) * otherwise. */ struct block_device *lookup_bdev(const char *path) { struct block_device *bdev; struct inode *inode; struct nameidata nd; int error; if (!path || !*path) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); error = path_lookup(path, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &nd); if (error) return ERR_PTR(error); inode = nd.dentry->d_inode; error = -ENOTBLK; if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) goto fail; error = -EACCES; if (nd.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NODEV) goto fail; error = -ENOMEM; bdev = bd_acquire(inode); if (!bdev) goto fail; out: path_release(&nd); return bdev; fail: bdev = ERR_PTR(error); goto out; } /** * open_bdev_excl - open a block device by name and set it up for use * * @path: special file representing the block device * @flags: %MS_RDONLY for opening read-only * @holder: owner for exclusion * * Open the blockdevice described by the special file at @path, claim it * for the @holder. */ struct block_device *open_bdev_excl(const char *path, int flags, void *holder) { struct block_device *bdev; mode_t mode = FMODE_READ; int error = 0; bdev = lookup_bdev(path); if (IS_ERR(bdev)) return bdev; if (!(flags & MS_RDONLY)) mode |= FMODE_WRITE; error = blkdev_get(bdev, mode, 0); if (error) return ERR_PTR(error); error = -EACCES; if (!(flags & MS_RDONLY) && bdev_read_only(bdev)) goto blkdev_put; error = bd_claim(bdev, holder); if (error) goto blkdev_put; return bdev; blkdev_put: blkdev_put(bdev); return ERR_PTR(error); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(open_bdev_excl); /** * close_bdev_excl - release a blockdevice openen by open_bdev_excl() * * @bdev: blockdevice to close * * This is the counterpart to open_bdev_excl(). */ void close_bdev_excl(struct block_device *bdev) { bd_release(bdev); blkdev_put(bdev); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(close_bdev_excl);