/* * Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006 * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See * the GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA * * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём) * Thomas Gleixner * Frank Haverkamp * Oliver Lohmann * Andreas Arnez */ /* * This file defines the layout of UBI headers and all the other UBI on-flash * data structures. May be included by user-space. */ #ifndef __UBI_HEADER_H__ #define __UBI_HEADER_H__ #include <asm/byteorder.h> /* The version of UBI images supported by this implementation */ #define UBI_VERSION 1 /* The highest erase counter value supported by this implementation */ #define UBI_MAX_ERASECOUNTER 0x7FFFFFFF /* The initial CRC32 value used when calculating CRC checksums */ #define UBI_CRC32_INIT 0xFFFFFFFFU /* Erase counter header magic number (ASCII "UBI#") */ #define UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC 0x55424923 /* Volume identifier header magic number (ASCII "UBI!") */ #define UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC 0x55424921 /* * Volume type constants used in the volume identifier header. * * @UBI_VID_DYNAMIC: dynamic volume * @UBI_VID_STATIC: static volume */ enum { UBI_VID_DYNAMIC = 1, UBI_VID_STATIC = 2 }; /* * Compatibility constants used by internal volumes. * * @UBI_COMPAT_DELETE: delete this internal volume before anything is written * to the flash * @UBI_COMPAT_RO: attach this device in read-only mode * @UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE: preserve this internal volume - do not touch its * physical eraseblocks, don't allow the wear-leveling unit to move them * @UBI_COMPAT_REJECT: reject this UBI image */ enum { UBI_COMPAT_DELETE = 1, UBI_COMPAT_RO = 2, UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE = 4, UBI_COMPAT_REJECT = 5 }; /* * ubi16_t/ubi32_t/ubi64_t - 16, 32, and 64-bit integers used in UBI on-flash * data structures. */ typedef struct { uint16_t int16; } __attribute__ ((packed)) ubi16_t; typedef struct { uint32_t int32; } __attribute__ ((packed)) ubi32_t; typedef struct { uint64_t int64; } __attribute__ ((packed)) ubi64_t; /* * In this implementation of UBI uses the big-endian format for on-flash * integers. The below are the corresponding conversion macros. */ #define cpu_to_ubi16(x) ((ubi16_t){__cpu_to_be16(x)}) #define ubi16_to_cpu(x) ((uint16_t)__be16_to_cpu((x).int16)) #define cpu_to_ubi32(x) ((ubi32_t){__cpu_to_be32(x)}) #define ubi32_to_cpu(x) ((uint32_t)__be32_to_cpu((x).int32)) #define cpu_to_ubi64(x) ((ubi64_t){__cpu_to_be64(x)}) #define ubi64_to_cpu(x) ((uint64_t)__be64_to_cpu((x).int64)) /* Sizes of UBI headers */ #define UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE sizeof(struct ubi_ec_hdr) #define UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE sizeof(struct ubi_vid_hdr) /* Sizes of UBI headers without the ending CRC */ #define UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE_CRC (UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE - sizeof(ubi32_t)) #define UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE_CRC (UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE - sizeof(ubi32_t)) /** * struct ubi_ec_hdr - UBI erase counter header. * @magic: erase counter header magic number (%UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC) * @version: version of UBI implementation which is supposed to accept this * UBI image * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes * @ec: the erase counter * @vid_hdr_offset: where the VID header starts * @data_offset: where the user data start * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes * @hdr_crc: erase counter header CRC checksum * * The erase counter header takes 64 bytes and has a plenty of unused space for * future usage. The unused fields are zeroed. The @version field is used to * indicate the version of UBI implementation which is supposed to be able to * work with this UBI image. If @version is greater then the current UBI * version, the image is rejected. This may be useful in future if something * is changed radically. This field is duplicated in the volume identifier * header. * * The @vid_hdr_offset and @data_offset fields contain the offset of the the * volume identifier header and user data, relative to the beginning of the * physical eraseblock. These values have to be the same for all physical * eraseblocks. */ struct ubi_ec_hdr { ubi32_t magic; uint8_t version; uint8_t padding1[3]; ubi64_t ec; /* Warning: the current limit is 31-bit anyway! */ ubi32_t vid_hdr_offset; ubi32_t data_offset; uint8_t padding2[36]; ubi32_t hdr_crc; } __attribute__ ((packed)); /** * struct ubi_vid_hdr - on-flash UBI volume identifier header. * @magic: volume identifier header magic number (%UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC) * @version: UBI implementation version which is supposed to accept this UBI * image (%UBI_VERSION) * @vol_type: volume type (%UBI_VID_DYNAMIC or %UBI_VID_STATIC) * @copy_flag: if this logical eraseblock was copied from another physical * eraseblock (for wear-leveling reasons) * @compat: compatibility of this volume (%0, %UBI_COMPAT_DELETE, * %UBI_COMPAT_IGNORE, %UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE, or %UBI_COMPAT_REJECT) * @vol_id: ID of this volume * @lnum: logical eraseblock number * @leb_ver: version of this logical eraseblock (IMPORTANT: obsolete, to be * removed, kept only for not breaking older UBI users) * @data_size: how many bytes of data this logical eraseblock contains * @used_ebs: total number of used logical eraseblocks in this volume * @data_pad: how many bytes at the end of this physical eraseblock are not * used * @data_crc: CRC checksum of the data stored in this logical eraseblock * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes * @sqnum: sequence number * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes * @hdr_crc: volume identifier header CRC checksum * * The @sqnum is the value of the global sequence counter at the time when this * VID header was created. The global sequence counter is incremented each time * UBI writes a new VID header to the flash, i.e. when it maps a logical * eraseblock to a new physical eraseblock. The global sequence counter is an * unsigned 64-bit integer and we assume it never overflows. The @sqnum * (sequence number) is used to distinguish between older and newer versions of * logical eraseblocks. * * There are 2 situations when there may be more then one physical eraseblock * corresponding to the same logical eraseblock, i.e., having the same @vol_id * and @lnum values in the volume identifier header. Suppose we have a logical * eraseblock L and it is mapped to the physical eraseblock P. * * 1. Because UBI may erase physical eraseblocks asynchronously, the following * situation is possible: L is asynchronously erased, so P is scheduled for * erasure, then L is written to,i.e. mapped to another physical eraseblock P1, * so P1 is written to, then an unclean reboot happens. Result - there are 2 * physical eraseblocks P and P1 corresponding to the same logical eraseblock * L. But P1 has greater sequence number, so UBI picks P1 when it attaches the * flash. * * 2. From time to time UBI moves logical eraseblocks to other physical * eraseblocks for wear-leveling reasons. If, for example, UBI moves L from P * to P1, and an unclean reboot happens before P is physically erased, there * are two physical eraseblocks P and P1 corresponding to L and UBI has to * select one of them when the flash is attached. The @sqnum field says which * PEB is the original (obviously P will have lower @sqnum) and the copy. But * it is not enough to select the physical eraseblock with the higher sequence * number, because the unclean reboot could have happen in the middle of the * copying process, so the data in P is corrupted. It is also not enough to * just select the physical eraseblock with lower sequence number, because the * data there may be old (consider a case if more data was added to P1 after * the copying). Moreover, the unclean reboot may happen when the erasure of P * was just started, so it result in unstable P, which is "mostly" OK, but * still has unstable bits. * * UBI uses the @copy_flag field to indicate that this logical eraseblock is a * copy. UBI also calculates data CRC when the data is moved and stores it at * the @data_crc field of the copy (P1). So when UBI needs to pick one physical * eraseblock of two (P or P1), the @copy_flag of the newer one (P1) is * examined. If it is cleared, the situation* is simple and the newer one is * picked. If it is set, the data CRC of the copy (P1) is examined. If the CRC * checksum is correct, this physical eraseblock is selected (P1). Otherwise * the older one (P) is selected. * * Note, there is an obsolete @leb_ver field which was used instead of @sqnum * in the past. But it is not used anymore and we keep it in order to be able * to deal with old UBI images. It will be removed at some point. * * There are 2 sorts of volumes in UBI: user volumes and internal volumes. * Internal volumes are not seen from outside and are used for various internal * UBI purposes. In this implementation there is only one internal volume - the * layout volume. Internal volumes are the main mechanism of UBI extensions. * For example, in future one may introduce a journal internal volume. Internal * volumes have their own reserved range of IDs. * * The @compat field is only used for internal volumes and contains the "degree * of their compatibility". It is always zero for user volumes. This field * provides a mechanism to introduce UBI extensions and to be still compatible * with older UBI binaries. For example, if someone introduced a journal in * future, he would probably use %UBI_COMPAT_DELETE compatibility for the * journal volume. And in this case, older UBI binaries, which know nothing * about the journal volume, would just delete this volume and work perfectly * fine. This is similar to what Ext2fs does when it is fed by an Ext3fs image * - it just ignores the Ext3fs journal. * * The @data_crc field contains the CRC checksum of the contents of the logical * eraseblock if this is a static volume. In case of dynamic volumes, it does * not contain the CRC checksum as a rule. The only exception is when the * data of the physical eraseblock was moved by the wear-leveling unit, then * the wear-leveling unit calculates the data CRC and stores it in the * @data_crc field. And of course, the @copy_flag is %in this case. * * The @data_size field is used only for static volumes because UBI has to know * how many bytes of data are stored in this eraseblock. For dynamic volumes, * this field usually contains zero. The only exception is when the data of the * physical eraseblock was moved to another physical eraseblock for * wear-leveling reasons. In this case, UBI calculates CRC checksum of the * contents and uses both @data_crc and @data_size fields. In this case, the * @data_size field contains data size. * * The @used_ebs field is used only for static volumes and indicates how many * eraseblocks the data of the volume takes. For dynamic volumes this field is * not used and always contains zero. * * The @data_pad is calculated when volumes are created using the alignment * parameter. So, effectively, the @data_pad field reduces the size of logical * eraseblocks of this volume. This is very handy when one uses block-oriented * software (say, cramfs) on top of the UBI volume. */ struct ubi_vid_hdr { ubi32_t magic; uint8_t version; uint8_t vol_type; uint8_t copy_flag; uint8_t compat; ubi32_t vol_id; ubi32_t lnum; ubi32_t leb_ver; /* obsolete, to be removed, don't use */ ubi32_t data_size; ubi32_t used_ebs; ubi32_t data_pad; ubi32_t data_crc; uint8_t padding1[4]; ubi64_t sqnum; uint8_t padding2[12]; ubi32_t hdr_crc; } __attribute__ ((packed)); /* Internal UBI volumes count */ #define UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT 1 /* * Starting ID of internal volumes. There is reserved room for 4096 internal * volumes. */ #define UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START (0x7FFFFFFF - 4096) /* The layout volume contains the volume table */ #define UBI_LAYOUT_VOL_ID UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START #define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_EBS 2 #define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_NAME "layout volume" #define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_COMPAT UBI_COMPAT_REJECT /* The maximum number of volumes per one UBI device */ #define UBI_MAX_VOLUMES 128 /* The maximum volume name length */ #define UBI_VOL_NAME_MAX 127 /* Size of the volume table record */ #define UBI_VTBL_RECORD_SIZE sizeof(struct ubi_vtbl_record) /* Size of the volume table record without the ending CRC */ #define UBI_VTBL_RECORD_SIZE_CRC (UBI_VTBL_RECORD_SIZE - sizeof(ubi32_t)) /** * struct ubi_vtbl_record - a record in the volume table. * @reserved_pebs: how many physical eraseblocks are reserved for this volume * @alignment: volume alignment * @data_pad: how many bytes are unused at the end of the each physical * eraseblock to satisfy the requested alignment * @vol_type: volume type (%UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME or %UBI_STATIC_VOLUME) * @upd_marker: if volume update was started but not finished * @name_len: volume name length * @name: the volume name * @padding2: reserved, zeroes * @crc: a CRC32 checksum of the record * * The volume table records are stored in the volume table, which is stored in * the layout volume. The layout volume consists of 2 logical eraseblock, each * of which contains a copy of the volume table (i.e., the volume table is * duplicated). The volume table is an array of &struct ubi_vtbl_record * objects indexed by the volume ID. * * If the size of the logical eraseblock is large enough to fit * %UBI_MAX_VOLUMES records, the volume table contains %UBI_MAX_VOLUMES * records. Otherwise, it contains as many records as it can fit (i.e., size of * logical eraseblock divided by sizeof(struct ubi_vtbl_record)). * * The @upd_marker flag is used to implement volume update. It is set to %1 * before update and set to %0 after the update. So if the update operation was * interrupted, UBI knows that the volume is corrupted. * * The @alignment field is specified when the volume is created and cannot be * later changed. It may be useful, for example, when a block-oriented file * system works on top of UBI. The @data_pad field is calculated using the * logical eraseblock size and @alignment. The alignment must be multiple to the * minimal flash I/O unit. If @alignment is 1, all the available space of * the physical eraseblocks is used. * * Empty records contain all zeroes and the CRC checksum of those zeroes. */ struct ubi_vtbl_record { ubi32_t reserved_pebs; ubi32_t alignment; ubi32_t data_pad; uint8_t vol_type; uint8_t upd_marker; ubi16_t name_len; uint8_t name[UBI_VOL_NAME_MAX+1]; uint8_t padding2[24]; ubi32_t crc; } __attribute__ ((packed)); #endif /* !__UBI_HEADER_H__ */