path: root/kernel/trace/trace_output.c

/*
 * trace_output.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Red Hat Inc, Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
 *
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>

#include "trace_output.h"

/* must be a power of 2 */
#define EVENT_HASHSIZE	128

static DEFINE_MUTEX(trace_event_mutex);
static struct hlist_head event_hash[EVENT_HASHSIZE] __read_mostly;

static int next_event_type = __TRACE_LAST_TYPE + 1;

/**
 * trace_seq_printf - sequence printing of trace information
 * @s: trace sequence descriptor
 * @fmt: printf format string
 *
 * The tracer may use either sequence operations or its own
 * copy to user routines. To simplify formating of a trace
 * trace_seq_printf is used to store strings into a special
 * buffer (@s). Then the output may be either used by
 * the sequencer or pulled into another buffer.
 */
int
trace_seq_printf(struct trace_seq *s, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	int len = (PAGE_SIZE - 1) - s->len;
	va_list ap;
	int ret;

	if (!len)
		return 0;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	ret = vsnprintf(s->buffer + s->len, len, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	/* If we can't write it all, don't bother writing anything */
	if (ret >= len)
		return 0;

	s->len += ret;

	return len;
}

/**
 * trace_seq_puts - trace sequence printing of simple string
 * @s: trace sequence descriptor
 * @str: simple string to record
 *
 * The tracer may use either the sequence operations or its own
 * copy to user routines. This function records a simple string
 * into a special buffer (@s) for later retrieval by a sequencer
 * or other mechanism.
 */
int trace_seq_puts(struct trace_seq *s, const char *str)
{
	int len = strlen(str);

	if (len > ((PAGE_SIZE - 1) - s->len))
		return 0;

	memcpy(s->buffer + s->len, str, len);
	s->len += len;

	return len;
}

int trace_seq_putc(struct trace_seq *s, unsigned char c)
{
	if (s->len >= (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
		return 0;

	s->buffer[s->len++] = c;

	return 1;
}

int trace_seq_putmem(struct trace_seq *s, void *mem, size_t len)
{
	if (len > ((PAGE_SIZE - 1) - s->len))
		return 0;

	memcpy(s->buffer + s->len, mem, len);
	s->len += len;

	return len;
}

int trace_seq_putmem_hex(struct trace_seq *s, void *mem, size_t len)
{
	unsigned char hex[HEX_CHARS];
	unsigned char *data = mem;
	int i, j;

#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i++) {
#else
	for (i = len-1, j = 0; i >= 0; i--) {
#endif
		hex[j++] = hex_asc_hi(data[i]);
		hex[j++] = hex_asc_lo(data[i]);
	}
	hex[j++] = ' ';

	return trace_seq_putmem(s, hex, j);
}

int trace_seq_path(struct trace_seq *s, struct path *path)
{
	unsigned char *p;

	if (s->len >= (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
		return 0;
	p = d_path(path, s->buffer + s->len, PAGE_SIZE - s->len);
	if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
		p = mangle_path(s->buffer + s->len, p, "\n");
		if (p) {
			s->len = p - s->buffer;
			return 1;
		}
	} else {
		s->buffer[s->len++] = '?';
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_KRETPROBES
static inline const char *kretprobed(const char *name)
{
	static const char tramp_name[] = "kretprobe_trampoline";
	int size = sizeof(tramp_name);

	if (strncmp(tramp_name, name, size) == 0)
		return "[unknown/kretprobe'd]";
	return name;
}
#else
static inline const char *kretprobed(const char *name)
{
	return name;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_KRETPROBES */

static int
seq_print_sym_short(struct trace_seq *s, const char *fmt, unsigned long address)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
	char str[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
	const char *name;

	kallsyms_lookup(address, NULL, NULL, NULL, str);

	name = kretprobed(str);

	return trace_seq_printf(s, fmt, name);
#endif
	return 1;
}

static int
seq_print_sym_offset(struct trace_seq *s, const char *fmt,
		     unsigned long address)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
	char str[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
	const char *name;

	sprint_symbol(str, address);
	name = kretprobed(str);

	return trace_seq_printf(s, fmt, name);
#endif
	return 1;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
# define IP_FMT "%08lx"
#else
# define IP_FMT "%016lx"
#endif

int seq_print_user_ip(struct trace_seq *s, struct mm_struct *mm,
		      unsigned long ip, unsigned long sym_flags)
{
	struct file *file = NULL;
	unsigned long vmstart = 0;
	int ret = 1;

	if (mm) {
		const struct vm_area_struct *vma;

		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
		vma = find_vma(mm, ip);
		if (vma) {
			file = vma->vm_file;
			vmstart = vma->vm_start;
		}
		if (file) {
			ret = trace_seq_path(s, &file->f_path);
			if (ret)
				ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "[+0x%lx]",
						       ip - vmstart);
		}
		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	}
	if (ret && ((sym_flags & TRACE_ITER_SYM_ADDR) || !file))
		ret = trace_seq_printf(s, " <" IP_FMT ">", ip);
	return ret;
}

int
seq_print_userip_objs(const struct userstack_entry *entry, struct trace_seq *s,
		      unsigned long sym_flags)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm = NULL;
	int ret = 1;
	unsigned int i;

	if (trace_flags & TRACE_ITER_SYM_USEROBJ) {
		struct task_struct *task;
		/*
		 * we do the lookup on the thread group leader,
		 * since individual threads might have already quit!
		 */
		rcu_read_lock();
		task = find_task_by_vpid(entry->ent.tgid);
		if (task)
			mm = get_task_mm(task);
		rcu_read_unlock();
	}

	for (i = 0; i < FTRACE_STACK_ENTRIES; i++) {
		unsigned long ip = entry->caller[i];

		if (ip == ULONG_MAX || !ret)
			break;
		if (i && ret)
			ret = trace_seq_puts(s, " <- ");
		if (!ip) {
			if (ret)
				ret = trace_seq_puts(s, "??");
			continue;
		}
		if (!ret)
			break;
		if (ret)
			ret = seq_print_user_ip(s, mm, ip, sym_flags);
	}

	if (mm)
		mmput(mm);
	return ret;
}

int
seq_print_ip_sym(struct trace_seq *s, unsigned long ip, unsigned long sym_flags)
{
	int ret;

	if (!ip)
		return trace_seq_printf(s, "0");

	if (sym_flags & TRACE_ITER_SYM_OFFSET)
		ret = seq_print_sym_offset(s, "%s", ip);
	else
		ret = seq_print_sym_short(s, "%s", ip);

	if (!ret)
		return 0;

	if (sym_flags & TRACE_ITER_SYM_ADDR)
		ret = trace_seq_printf(s, " <" IP_FMT ">", ip);
	return ret;
}

static void
lat_print_generic(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int cpu)
{
	int hardirq, softirq;
	char *comm;

	comm = trace_find_cmdline(entry->pid);

	trace_seq_printf(s, "%8.8s-%-5d ", comm, entry->pid);
	trace_seq_printf(s, "%3d", cpu);
	trace_seq_printf(s, "%c%c",
			(entry->flags & TRACE_FLAG_IRQS_OFF) ? 'd' :
			 (entry->flags & TRACE_FLAG_IRQS_NOSUPPORT) ? 'X' : '.',
			((entry->flags & TRACE_FLAG_NEED_RESCHED) ? 'N' : '.'));

	hardirq = entry->flags & TRACE_FLAG_HARDIRQ;
	softirq = entry->flags & TRACE_FLAG_SOFTIRQ;
	if (hardirq && softirq) {
		trace_seq_putc(s, 'H');
	} else {
		if (hardirq) {
			trace_seq_putc(s, 'h');
		} else {
			if (softirq)
				trace_seq_putc(s, 's');
			else
				trace_seq_putc(s, '.');
		}
	}

	if (entry->preempt_count)
		trace_seq_printf(s, "%x", entry->preempt_count);
	else
		trace_seq_puts(s, ".");
}

static unsigned long preempt_mark_thresh = 100;

static void
lat_print_timestamp(struct trace_seq *s, u64 abs_usecs,
		    unsigned long rel_usecs)
{
	trace_seq_printf(s, " %4lldus", abs_usecs);
	if (rel_usecs > preempt_mark_thresh)
		trace_seq_puts(s, "!: ");
	else if (rel_usecs > 1)
		trace_seq_puts(s, "+: ");
	else
		trace_seq_puts(s, " : ");
}

int trace_print_context(struct trace_iterator *iter)
{
	struct trace_seq *s = &iter->seq;
	struct trace_entry *entry = iter->ent;
	char *comm = trace_find_cmdline(entry->pid);
	unsigned long long t = ns2usecs(iter->ts);
	unsigned long usec_rem = do_div(t, USEC_PER_SEC);
	unsigned long secs = (unsigned long)t;

	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "%16s-%-5d ", comm, entry->pid))
		goto partial;
	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "[%03d] ", entry->cpu))
		goto partial;
	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "%5lu.%06lu: ", secs, usec_rem))
		goto partial;

	return 0;

partial:
	return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;
}

int trace_print_lat_context(struct trace_iterator *iter)
{
	u64 next_ts;
	struct trace_seq *s = &iter->seq;
	struct trace_entry *entry = iter->ent,
			   *next_entry = trace_find_next_entry(iter, NULL,
							       &next_ts);
	unsigned long verbose = (trace_flags & TRACE_ITER_VERBOSE);
	unsigned long abs_usecs = ns2usecs(iter->ts - iter->tr->time_start);
	unsigned long rel_usecs;

	if (!next_entry)
		next_ts = iter->ts;
	rel_usecs = ns2usecs(next_ts - iter->ts);

	if (verbose) {
		char *comm = trace_find_cmdline(entry->pid);
		trace_seq_printf(s, "%16s %5d %3d %d %08x %08lx [%08lx]"
				 " %ld.%03ldms (+%ld.%03ldms): ",
				 comm,
				 entry->pid, entry->cpu, entry->flags,
				 entry->preempt_count, iter->idx,
				 ns2usecs(iter->ts),
				 abs_usecs/1000,
				 abs_usecs % 1000, rel_usecs/1000,
				 rel_usecs % 1000);
	} else {
		lat_print_generic(s, entry, entry->cpu);
		lat_print_timestamp(s, abs_usecs, rel_usecs);
	}

	return 0;
}

static const char state_to_char[] = TASK_STATE_TO_CHAR_STR;

static int task_state_char(unsigned long state)
{
	int bit = state ? __ffs(state) + 1 : 0;

	return bit < sizeof(state_to_char) - 1 ? state_to_char[bit] : '?';
}

/**
 * ftrace_find_event - find a registered event
 * @type: the type of event to look for
 *
 * Returns an event of type @type otherwise NULL
 */
struct trace_event *ftrace_find_event(int type)
{
	struct trace_event *event;
	struct hlist_node *n;
	unsigned key;

	key = type & (EVENT_HASHSIZE - 1);

	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(event, n, &event_hash[key], node) {
		if (event->type == type)
			return event;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/**
 * register_ftrace_event - register output for an event type
 * @event: the event type to register
 *
 * Event types are stored in a hash and this hash is used to
 * find a way to print an event. If the @event->type is set
 * then it will use that type, otherwise it will assign a
 * type to use.
 *
 * If you assign your own type, please make sure it is added
 * to the trace_type enum in trace.h, to avoid collisions
 * with the dynamic types.
 *
 * Returns the event type number or zero on error.
 */
int register_ftrace_event(struct trace_event *event)
{
	unsigned key;
	int ret = 0;

	mutex_lock(&trace_event_mutex);

	if (!event->type)
		event->type = next_event_type++;
	else if (event->type > __TRACE_LAST_TYPE) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Need to add type to trace.h\n");
		WARN_ON(1);
	}

	if (ftrace_find_event(event->type))
		goto out;

	key = event->type & (EVENT_HASHSIZE - 1);

	hlist_add_head_rcu(&event->node, &event_hash[key]);

	ret = event->type;
 out:
	mutex_unlock(&trace_event_mutex);

	return ret;
}

/**
 * unregister_ftrace_event - remove a no longer used event
 * @event: the event to remove
 */
int unregister_ftrace_event(struct trace_event *event)
{
	mutex_lock(&trace_event_mutex);
	hlist_del(&event->node);
	mutex_unlock(&trace_event_mutex);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Standard events
 */

int
trace_nop_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	return 0;
}

/* TRACE_FN */
static int
trace_fn_latency(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct ftrace_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!seq_print_ip_sym(s, field->ip, flags))
		goto partial;
	if (!trace_seq_puts(s, " ("))
		goto partial;
	if (!seq_print_ip_sym(s, field->parent_ip, flags))
		goto partial;
	if (!trace_seq_puts(s, ")\n"))
		goto partial;

	return 0;

 partial:
	return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;
}

static int
trace_fn_trace(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct ftrace_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!seq_print_ip_sym(s, field->ip, flags))
		goto partial;

	if ((flags & TRACE_ITER_PRINT_PARENT) && field->parent_ip) {
		if (!trace_seq_printf(s, " <-"))
			goto partial;
		if (!seq_print_ip_sym(s,
				      field->parent_ip,
				      flags))
			goto partial;
	}
	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "\n"))
		goto partial;

	return 0;

 partial:
	return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;
}

static int
trace_fn_raw(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct ftrace_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "%lx %lx\n",
			      field->ip,
			      field->parent_ip))
		return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;

	return 0;
}

static int
trace_fn_hex(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct ftrace_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->ip);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->parent_ip);

	return 0;
}

static int
trace_fn_bin(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct ftrace_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->ip);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->parent_ip);

	return 0;
}

static struct trace_event trace_fn_event = {
	.type	 	= TRACE_FN,
	.trace		= trace_fn_trace,
	.latency_trace	= trace_fn_latency,
	.raw		= trace_fn_raw,
	.hex		= trace_fn_hex,
	.binary		= trace_fn_bin,
};

/* TRACE_CTX an TRACE_WAKE */
static int
trace_ctxwake_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags,
		    char *delim)
{
	struct ctx_switch_entry *field;
	char *comm;
	int S, T;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	T = task_state_char(field->next_state);
	S = task_state_char(field->prev_state);
	comm = trace_find_cmdline(field->next_pid);
	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, " %5d:%3d:%c %s [%03d] %5d:%3d:%c %s\n",
			      field->prev_pid,
			      field->prev_prio,
			      S, delim,
			      field->next_cpu,
			      field->next_pid,
			      field->next_prio,
			      T, comm))
		return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;

	return 0;
}

static int
trace_ctx_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	return trace_ctxwake_print(s, entry, flags, "==>");
}

static int
trace_wake_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	return trace_ctxwake_print(s, entry, flags, "  +");
}

static int
trace_ctxwake_raw(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags,
		  char S)
{
	struct ctx_switch_entry *field;
	int T;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!S)
		task_state_char(field->prev_state);
	T = task_state_char(field->next_state);
	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "%d %d %c %d %d %d %c\n",
			      field->prev_pid,
			      field->prev_prio,
			      S,
			      field->next_cpu,
			      field->next_pid,
			      field->next_prio,
			      T))
		return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;

	return 0;
}

static int
trace_ctx_raw(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	return trace_ctxwake_raw(s, entry, flags, 0);
}

static int
trace_wake_raw(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	return trace_ctxwake_raw(s, entry, flags, '+');
}


static int
trace_ctxwake_hex(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags,
		  char S)
{
	struct ctx_switch_entry *field;
	int T;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!S)
		task_state_char(field->prev_state);
	T = task_state_char(field->next_state);

	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->prev_pid);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->prev_prio);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, S);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->next_cpu);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->next_pid);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->next_prio);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, T);

	return 0;
}

static int
trace_ctx_hex(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	return trace_ctxwake_hex(s, entry, flags, 0);
}

static int
trace_wake_hex(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	return trace_ctxwake_hex(s, entry, flags, '+');
}

static int
trace_ctxwake_bin(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct ctx_switch_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->prev_pid);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->prev_prio);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->prev_state);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->next_pid);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->next_prio);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->next_state);

	return 0;
}

static struct trace_event trace_ctx_event = {
	.type	 	= TRACE_CTX,
	.trace		= trace_ctx_print,
	.latency_trace	= trace_ctx_print,
	.raw		= trace_ctx_raw,
	.hex		= trace_ctx_hex,
	.binary		= trace_ctxwake_bin,
};

static struct trace_event trace_wake_event = {
	.type	 	= TRACE_WAKE,
	.trace		= trace_wake_print,
	.latency_trace	= trace_wake_print,
	.raw		= trace_wake_raw,
	.hex		= trace_wake_hex,
	.binary		= trace_ctxwake_bin,
};

/* TRACE_SPECIAL */
static int
trace_special_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct special_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "# %ld %ld %ld\n",
			      field->arg1,
			      field->arg2,
			      field->arg3))
		return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;

	return 0;
}

static int
trace_special_hex(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct special_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->arg1);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->arg2);
	SEQ_PUT_HEX_FIELD_RET(s, field->arg3);

	return 0;
}

static int
trace_special_bin(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct special_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->arg1);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->arg2);
	SEQ_PUT_FIELD_RET(s, field->arg3);

	return 0;
}

static struct trace_event trace_special_event = {
	.type	 	= TRACE_SPECIAL,
	.trace		= trace_special_print,
	.latency_trace	= trace_special_print,
	.raw		= trace_special_print,
	.hex		= trace_special_hex,
	.binary		= trace_special_bin,
};

/* TRACE_STACK */

static int
trace_stack_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct stack_entry *field;
	int i;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	for (i = 0; i < FTRACE_STACK_ENTRIES; i++) {
		if (i) {
			if (!trace_seq_puts(s, " <= "))
				goto partial;

			if (!seq_print_ip_sym(s, field->caller[i], flags))
				goto partial;
		}
		if (!trace_seq_puts(s, "\n"))
			goto partial;
	}

	return 0;

 partial:
	return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;
}

static struct trace_event trace_stack_event = {
	.type	 	= TRACE_STACK,
	.trace		= trace_stack_print,
	.latency_trace	= trace_stack_print,
	.raw		= trace_special_print,
	.hex		= trace_special_hex,
	.binary		= trace_special_bin,
};

/* TRACE_USER_STACK */
static int
trace_user_stack_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry,
		       int flags)
{
	struct userstack_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!seq_print_userip_objs(field, s, flags))
		goto partial;

	if (!trace_seq_putc(s, '\n'))
		goto partial;

	return 0;

 partial:
	return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;
}

static struct trace_event trace_user_stack_event = {
	.type	 	= TRACE_USER_STACK,
	.trace		= trace_user_stack_print,
	.latency_trace	= trace_user_stack_print,
	.raw		= trace_special_print,
	.hex		= trace_special_hex,
	.binary		= trace_special_bin,
};

/* TRACE_PRINT */
static int
trace_print_print(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct print_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!seq_print_ip_sym(s, field->ip, flags))
		goto partial;

	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, ": %s", field->buf))
		goto partial;

	return 0;

 partial:
	return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;
}

static int
trace_print_raw(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry, int flags)
{
	struct print_entry *field;

	trace_assign_type(field, entry);

	if (!trace_seq_printf(s, "# %lx %s", field->ip, field->buf))
		goto partial;

	return 0;

 partial:
	return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;
}

static struct trace_event trace_print_event = {
	.type	 	= TRACE_PRINT,
	.trace		= trace_print_print,
	.latency_trace	= trace_print_print,
	.raw		= trace_print_raw,
	.hex		= trace_nop_print,
	.binary		= trace_nop_print,
};

static struct trace_event *events[] __initdata = {
	&trace_fn_event,
	&trace_ctx_event,
	&trace_wake_event,
	&trace_special_event,
	&trace_stack_event,
	&trace_user_stack_event,
	&trace_print_event,
	NULL
};

__init static int init_events(void)
{
	struct trace_event *event;
	int i, ret;

	for (i = 0; events[i]; i++) {
		event = events[i];

		ret = register_ftrace_event(event);
		if (!ret) {
			printk(KERN_WARNING "event %d failed to register\n",
			       event->type);
			WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}
device_initcall(init_events);