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authorBrian Paul <brian.paul@tungstengraphics.com>2008-09-04 15:25:45 -0600
committerBrian Paul <brian.paul@tungstengraphics.com>2008-09-04 15:25:45 -0600
commita69fc5129bdf2f245c5bf2e0fe7b542caf7809a9 (patch)
treebd6af433f80000dd97513781276ca7d0a9671a5a /src/mesa/main
parent9a64440154319738445e203339156e54232908ee (diff)
mesa: improved gl_buffer_object reference counting
Use new _mesa_reference_buffer_object() function wherever possible. Fixes buffer object/display list crash reported in ParaView.
Diffstat (limited to 'src/mesa/main')
-rw-r--r--src/mesa/main/arrayobj.c31
-rw-r--r--src/mesa/main/attrib.c87
-rw-r--r--src/mesa/main/bufferobj.c188
-rw-r--r--src/mesa/main/bufferobj.h11
-rw-r--r--src/mesa/main/varray.c15
5 files changed, 172 insertions, 160 deletions
diff --git a/src/mesa/main/arrayobj.c b/src/mesa/main/arrayobj.c
index af2feb3553..1461239317 100644
--- a/src/mesa/main/arrayobj.c
+++ b/src/mesa/main/arrayobj.c
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
/*
* Mesa 3-D graphics library
- * Version: 6.5
+ * Version: 7.2
*
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2004 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
* (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 2006
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
@@ -219,6 +219,15 @@ _mesa_remove_array_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_array_object *obj )
}
+static void
+unbind_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj )
+{
+ if (bufObj != ctx->Array.NullBufferObj) {
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, &bufObj, NULL);
+ }
+}
+
+
/**********************************************************************/
/* API Functions */
/**********************************************************************/
@@ -320,18 +329,18 @@ _mesa_DeleteVertexArraysAPPLE(GLsizei n, const GLuint *ids)
/* Unbind any buffer objects that might be bound to arrays in
* this array object.
*/
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Vertex.BufferObj );
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Normal.BufferObj );
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Color.BufferObj );
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->SecondaryColor.BufferObj );
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->FogCoord.BufferObj );
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Index.BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Vertex.BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Normal.BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Color.BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->SecondaryColor.BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->FogCoord.BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->Index.BufferObj );
for (i = 0; i < MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS; i++) {
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->TexCoord[i].BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->TexCoord[i].BufferObj );
}
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->EdgeFlag.BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->EdgeFlag.BufferObj );
for (i = 0; i < VERT_ATTRIB_MAX; i++) {
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->VertexAttrib[i].BufferObj );
+ unbind_buffer_object( ctx, obj->VertexAttrib[i].BufferObj );
}
#endif
diff --git a/src/mesa/main/attrib.c b/src/mesa/main/attrib.c
index b990369a9e..4cbb0273ab 100644
--- a/src/mesa/main/attrib.c
+++ b/src/mesa/main/attrib.c
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
/*
* Mesa 3-D graphics library
- * Version: 7.1
+ * Version: 7.2
*
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2007 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
@@ -1269,6 +1269,29 @@ adjust_buffer_object_ref_counts(struct gl_array_attrib *array, GLint step)
}
+/**
+ * Copy gl_pixelstore_attrib from src to dst, updating buffer
+ * object refcounts.
+ */
+static void
+copy_pixelstore(GLcontext *ctx,
+ struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *dst,
+ const struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *src)
+{
+ dst->Alignment = src->Alignment;
+ dst->RowLength = src->RowLength;
+ dst->SkipPixels = src->SkipPixels;
+ dst->SkipRows = src->SkipRows;
+ dst->ImageHeight = src->ImageHeight;
+ dst->SkipImages = src->SkipImages;
+ dst->SwapBytes = src->SwapBytes;
+ dst->LsbFirst = src->LsbFirst;
+ dst->ClientStorage = src->ClientStorage;
+ dst->Invert = src->Invert;
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, &dst->BufferObj, src->BufferObj);
+}
+
+
#define GL_CLIENT_PACK_BIT (1<<20)
#define GL_CLIENT_UNPACK_BIT (1<<21)
@@ -1287,31 +1310,29 @@ _mesa_PushClientAttrib(GLbitfield mask)
return;
}
- /* Build linked list of attribute nodes which save all attribute */
- /* groups specified by the mask. */
+ /* Build linked list of attribute nodes which save all attribute
+ * groups specified by the mask.
+ */
head = NULL;
if (mask & GL_CLIENT_PIXEL_STORE_BIT) {
struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *attr;
-#if FEATURE_EXT_pixel_buffer_object
- ctx->Pack.BufferObj->RefCount++;
- ctx->Unpack.BufferObj->RefCount++;
-#endif
/* packing attribs */
- attr = MALLOC_STRUCT( gl_pixelstore_attrib );
- MEMCPY( attr, &ctx->Pack, sizeof(struct gl_pixelstore_attrib) );
+ attr = CALLOC_STRUCT( gl_pixelstore_attrib );
+ copy_pixelstore(ctx, attr, &ctx->Pack);
newnode = new_attrib_node( GL_CLIENT_PACK_BIT );
newnode->data = attr;
newnode->next = head;
head = newnode;
/* unpacking attribs */
attr = MALLOC_STRUCT( gl_pixelstore_attrib );
- MEMCPY( attr, &ctx->Unpack, sizeof(struct gl_pixelstore_attrib) );
+ copy_pixelstore(ctx, attr, &ctx->Unpack);
newnode = new_attrib_node( GL_CLIENT_UNPACK_BIT );
newnode->data = attr;
newnode->next = head;
head = newnode;
}
+
if (mask & GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT) {
struct gl_array_attrib *attr;
struct gl_array_object *obj;
@@ -1348,7 +1369,7 @@ _mesa_PushClientAttrib(GLbitfield mask)
void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_PopClientAttrib(void)
{
- struct gl_attrib_node *attr, *next;
+ struct gl_attrib_node *node, *next;
GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END_AND_FLUSH(ctx);
@@ -1359,37 +1380,31 @@ _mesa_PopClientAttrib(void)
}
ctx->ClientAttribStackDepth--;
- attr = ctx->ClientAttribStack[ctx->ClientAttribStackDepth];
+ node = ctx->ClientAttribStack[ctx->ClientAttribStackDepth];
- while (attr) {
- switch (attr->kind) {
+ while (node) {
+ switch (node->kind) {
case GL_CLIENT_PACK_BIT:
-#if FEATURE_EXT_pixel_buffer_object
- ctx->Pack.BufferObj->RefCount--;
- if (ctx->Pack.BufferObj->RefCount <= 0) {
- _mesa_remove_buffer_object( ctx, ctx->Pack.BufferObj );
- (*ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer)( ctx, ctx->Pack.BufferObj );
+ {
+ struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *store =
+ (struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *) node->data;
+ copy_pixelstore(ctx, &ctx->Pack, store);
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, &store->BufferObj, NULL);
}
-#endif
- MEMCPY( &ctx->Pack, attr->data,
- sizeof(struct gl_pixelstore_attrib) );
ctx->NewState |= _NEW_PACKUNPACK;
break;
case GL_CLIENT_UNPACK_BIT:
-#if FEATURE_EXT_pixel_buffer_object
- ctx->Unpack.BufferObj->RefCount--;
- if (ctx->Unpack.BufferObj->RefCount <= 0) {
- _mesa_remove_buffer_object( ctx, ctx->Unpack.BufferObj );
- (*ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer)( ctx, ctx->Unpack.BufferObj );
+ {
+ struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *store =
+ (struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *) node->data;
+ copy_pixelstore(ctx, &ctx->Unpack, store);
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, &store->BufferObj, NULL);
}
-#endif
- MEMCPY( &ctx->Unpack, attr->data,
- sizeof(struct gl_pixelstore_attrib) );
ctx->NewState |= _NEW_PACKUNPACK;
break;
case GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT: {
struct gl_array_attrib * data =
- (struct gl_array_attrib *) attr->data;
+ (struct gl_array_attrib *) node->data;
adjust_buffer_object_ref_counts(&ctx->Array, -1);
@@ -1424,10 +1439,10 @@ _mesa_PopClientAttrib(void)
break;
}
- next = attr->next;
- FREE( attr->data );
- FREE( attr );
- attr = next;
+ next = node->next;
+ FREE( node->data );
+ FREE( node );
+ node = next;
}
}
diff --git a/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.c b/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.c
index dc0307feb5..f1e0932b07 100644
--- a/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.c
+++ b/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
/*
* Mesa 3-D graphics library
- * Version: 7.1
+ * Version: 7.2
*
* Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
*
@@ -166,22 +166,75 @@ _mesa_delete_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj )
if (bufObj->Data)
_mesa_free(bufObj->Data);
+
+ /* assign strange values here to help w/ debugging */
+ bufObj->RefCount = -1000;
+ bufObj->Name = ~0;
+
_mesa_free(bufObj);
}
+
+/**
+ * Set ptr to bufObj w/ reference counting.
+ */
void
-_mesa_unbind_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj )
+_mesa_reference_buffer_object(GLcontext *ctx,
+ struct gl_buffer_object **ptr,
+ struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj)
{
- if (bufObj != ctx->Array.NullBufferObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- if (bufObj->RefCount <= 0) {
+ if (*ptr == bufObj)
+ return;
+
+ if (*ptr) {
+ /* Unreference the old texture */
+ GLboolean deleteFlag = GL_FALSE;
+ struct gl_buffer_object *oldObj = *ptr;
+
+ /*_glthread_LOCK_MUTEX(oldObj->Mutex);*/
+ ASSERT(oldObj->RefCount > 0);
+ oldObj->RefCount--;
+#if 0
+ printf("BufferObj %p %d DECR to %d\n",
+ (void *) oldObj, oldObj->Name, oldObj->RefCount);
+#endif
+ deleteFlag = (oldObj->RefCount == 0);
+ /*_glthread_UNLOCK_MUTEX(oldObj->Mutex);*/
+
+ if (deleteFlag) {
+
+ /* some sanity checking: don't delete a buffer still in use */
ASSERT(ctx->Array.ArrayBufferObj != bufObj);
ASSERT(ctx->Array.ElementArrayBufferObj != bufObj);
ASSERT(ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Vertex.BufferObj != bufObj);
ASSERT(ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer);
- ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer(ctx, bufObj);
+
+ ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer(ctx, oldObj);
}
+
+ *ptr = NULL;
+ }
+ ASSERT(!*ptr);
+
+ if (bufObj) {
+ /* reference new texture */
+ /*_glthread_LOCK_MUTEX(tex->Mutex);*/
+ if (bufObj->RefCount == 0) {
+ /* this buffer's being deleted (look just above) */
+ /* Not sure this can every really happen. Warn if it does. */
+ _mesa_problem(NULL, "referencing deleted buffer object");
+ *ptr = NULL;
+ }
+ else {
+ bufObj->RefCount++;
+#if 0
+ printf("BufferObj %p %d INCR to %d\n",
+ (void *) bufObj, bufObj->Name, bufObj->RefCount);
+#endif
+ *ptr = bufObj;
+ }
+ /*_glthread_UNLOCK_MUTEX(tex->Mutex);*/
}
}
@@ -204,33 +257,6 @@ _mesa_initialize_buffer_object( struct gl_buffer_object *obj,
/**
- * Add the given buffer object to the buffer object pool.
- */
-void
-_mesa_save_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *obj )
-{
- if (obj->Name > 0) {
- /* insert into hash table */
- _mesa_HashInsert(ctx->Shared->BufferObjects, obj->Name, obj);
- }
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Remove the given buffer object from the buffer object pool.
- * Do not deallocate the buffer object though.
- */
-void
-_mesa_remove_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj )
-{
- if (bufObj->Name > 0) {
- /* remove from hash table */
- _mesa_HashRemove(ctx->Shared->BufferObjects, bufObj->Name);
- }
-}
-
-
-/**
* Allocate space for and store data in a buffer object. Any data that was
* previously stored in the buffer object is lost. If \c data is \c NULL,
* memory will be allocated, but no copy will occur.
@@ -400,6 +426,7 @@ _mesa_init_buffer_objects( GLcontext *ctx )
{
/* Allocate the default buffer object and set refcount so high that
* it never gets deleted.
+ * XXX with recent/improved refcounting this may not longer be needed.
*/
ctx->Array.NullBufferObj = _mesa_new_buffer_object(ctx, 0, 0);
if (ctx->Array.NullBufferObj)
@@ -621,6 +648,23 @@ _mesa_lookup_bufferobj(GLcontext *ctx, GLuint buffer)
}
+/**
+ * If *ptr points to obj, set ptr = the Null/default buffer object.
+ * This is a helper for buffer object deletion.
+ * The GL spec says that deleting a buffer object causes it to get
+ * unbound from all arrays in the current context.
+ */
+static void
+unbind(GLcontext *ctx,
+ struct gl_buffer_object **ptr,
+ struct gl_buffer_object *obj)
+{
+ if (*ptr == obj) {
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, ptr, ctx->Array.NullBufferObj);
+ }
+}
+
+
/**********************************************************************/
/* API Functions */
@@ -678,28 +722,16 @@ _mesa_BindBufferARB(GLenum target, GLuint buffer)
_mesa_error(ctx, GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "glBindBufferARB");
return;
}
- _mesa_save_buffer_object(ctx, newBufObj);
+ _mesa_HashInsert(ctx->Shared->BufferObjects, buffer, newBufObj);
}
}
- /* Make new binding */
- *bindTarget = newBufObj;
- newBufObj->RefCount++;
+ /* bind new buffer */
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, bindTarget, newBufObj);
/* Pass BindBuffer call to device driver */
if (ctx->Driver.BindBuffer && newBufObj)
ctx->Driver.BindBuffer( ctx, target, newBufObj );
-
- /* decr ref count on old buffer obj, delete if needed */
- if (oldBufObj) {
- oldBufObj->RefCount--;
- assert(oldBufObj->RefCount >= 0);
- if (oldBufObj->RefCount == 0) {
- assert(oldBufObj->Name != 0);
- ASSERT(ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer);
- ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer( ctx, oldBufObj );
- }
- }
}
@@ -731,54 +763,18 @@ _mesa_DeleteBuffersARB(GLsizei n, const GLuint *ids)
ASSERT(bufObj->Name == ids[i]);
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Vertex.BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Vertex.BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Normal.BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Normal.BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Color.BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Color.BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->SecondaryColor.BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->SecondaryColor.BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->FogCoord.BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->FogCoord.BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Index.BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Index.BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->EdgeFlag.BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->EdgeFlag.BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Vertex.BufferObj, bufObj);
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Normal.BufferObj, bufObj);
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Color.BufferObj, bufObj);
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->SecondaryColor.BufferObj, bufObj);
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->FogCoord.BufferObj, bufObj);
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->Index.BufferObj, bufObj);
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->EdgeFlag.BufferObj, bufObj);
for (j = 0; j < MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS; j++) {
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->TexCoord[j].BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->TexCoord[j].BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->TexCoord[j].BufferObj, bufObj);
}
for (j = 0; j < VERT_ATTRIB_MAX; j++) {
- if (ctx->Array.ArrayObj->VertexAttrib[j].BufferObj == bufObj) {
- bufObj->RefCount--;
- ctx->Array.ArrayObj->VertexAttrib[j].BufferObj = ctx->Array.NullBufferObj;
- ctx->Array.NullBufferObj->RefCount++;
- }
+ unbind(ctx, &ctx->Array.ArrayObj->VertexAttrib[j].BufferObj, bufObj);
}
if (ctx->Array.ArrayBufferObj == bufObj) {
@@ -796,8 +792,8 @@ _mesa_DeleteBuffersARB(GLsizei n, const GLuint *ids)
}
/* The ID is immediately freed for re-use */
- _mesa_remove_buffer_object(ctx, bufObj);
- _mesa_unbind_buffer_object(ctx, bufObj);
+ _mesa_HashRemove(ctx->Shared->BufferObjects, bufObj->Name);
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, &bufObj, NULL);
}
}
@@ -846,7 +842,7 @@ _mesa_GenBuffersARB(GLsizei n, GLuint *buffer)
_mesa_error(ctx, GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY, "glGenBuffersARB");
return;
}
- _mesa_save_buffer_object(ctx, bufObj);
+ _mesa_HashInsert(ctx->Shared->BufferObjects, first + i, bufObj);
buffer[i] = first + i;
}
diff --git a/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.h b/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.h
index 024e5a8c3c..2f908c5c35 100644
--- a/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.h
+++ b/src/mesa/main/bufferobj.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
/*
* Mesa 3-D graphics library
- * Version: 7.1
+ * Version: 7.2
*
* Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
*
@@ -52,10 +52,9 @@ _mesa_initialize_buffer_object( struct gl_buffer_object *obj,
GLuint name, GLenum target );
extern void
-_mesa_save_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *obj );
-
-extern void
-_mesa_remove_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj );
+_mesa_reference_buffer_object(GLcontext *ctx,
+ struct gl_buffer_object **ptr,
+ struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj);
extern void
_mesa_buffer_data( GLcontext *ctx, GLenum target, GLsizeiptrARB size,
@@ -115,8 +114,6 @@ _mesa_unmap_readpix_pbo(GLcontext *ctx,
const struct gl_pixelstore_attrib *pack);
-extern void
-_mesa_unbind_buffer_object( GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_buffer_object *bufObj );
/*
* API functions
diff --git a/src/mesa/main/varray.c b/src/mesa/main/varray.c
index a6aa9c34b2..9f1fcd9d26 100644
--- a/src/mesa/main/varray.c
+++ b/src/mesa/main/varray.c
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
/*
* Mesa 3-D graphics library
- * Version: 6.5.1
+ * Version: 7.2
*
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
@@ -62,14 +62,9 @@ update_array(GLcontext *ctx, struct gl_client_array *array,
array->Normalized = normalized;
array->Ptr = (const GLubyte *) ptr;
#if FEATURE_ARB_vertex_buffer_object
- array->BufferObj->RefCount--;
- if (array->BufferObj->RefCount <= 0) {
- ASSERT(array->BufferObj->Name);
- _mesa_remove_buffer_object( ctx, array->BufferObj );
- (*ctx->Driver.DeleteBuffer)( ctx, array->BufferObj );
- }
- array->BufferObj = ctx->Array.ArrayBufferObj;
- array->BufferObj->RefCount++;
+ _mesa_reference_buffer_object(ctx, &array->BufferObj,
+ ctx->Array.ArrayBufferObj);
+
/* Compute the index of the last array element that's inside the buffer.
* Later in glDrawArrays we'll check if start + count > _MaxElement to
* be sure we won't go out of bounds.